Private law (Civil law) is that part of a
legal system that involves relationships between individuals. This includes the
law of
contracts or
torts and the
law of obligations. It is distinguished from
public law,
which deals with law involving the
state, including regulatory
statutes,
penal law and other law of
public order.
In general terms, public law involves interrelations between the state and the general population, whereas private law involves interactions between private citizens.
The concept of private law in
common law countries is a little more broad, in that it also encompasses private relationships between governments and private individuals or other entities. That is, relationships between governments and individuals based on the
law of
contract or
torts are governed by private law, and are not considered to be within the scope of
public law.
Another, more specific meaning of
private law is a
private bill enacted into law. A
private law, in this sense, is a law enacted to be applied to a specific individual or corporation, as opposed to
public law, which has a broader application and affects the general public. Examples: .
Areas of private law
- *Family law family-related issues and domestic relations including, but not limited to marriage, civil unions, divorce, spousal abuse, child custody and visitation, property, alimony, and child support awards, as well as child abuse issues, and adoption.
- *Succession, estate, probate, and testamentary laws
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