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Tiruchirappalli
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Tiruchirappalli ( (tiruccirāppaḷḷi) also spelled Tiruchirapalli, commonly known as Tiruchi or Trichy () formerly also pronounced as Trichinopoly under British rule).
It is Tamil Nadu's fourth largest City after Chennai, Coimbatore and Madurai with an estimated population of 1,067,915 (as of 2008). It is situated in the centre of the state, on the banks of the Cauvery River. Trichy is a Municipal Corporation and the administrative headquarters of Tiruchirapalli District. The most famous landmark of Trichy is the Rockfort temple which is perched on a huge rocky out crop. The smooth crop was first hewn by the Pallavas but it was the Nayaks of Madurai who later built the Rock fort temple. The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva and Lord Ganesha.India By Sarina Singh, Joe Bindloss, Paul Clammer, Janine Eberle Trichy city encompasses Srirangam, a Vaishnavite temple and the biggest functioning Hindu temple in the world. Trichy also contains "ThiruAnaikka" (ThiruvAnaikkaval), House of Water, one of the five main abodes ("Panchaboodha Sthalam") of Lord Shiva. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman was born in Thiruvanaikaval and his house has been preserved as a museum. Etymology Thiru Chira Malai Perhaps Tiruchirappalli is a shortened form of ThIRU sri(CHI) RAnganathan PALLI, reflecting the sleeping posture of Lord Ranganatha in Srirangam. Or, as another belief says, perhaps the name started out as Thiru Javvandhipuram (Place of Marigold Flowers): chevvanthi being the Tamil name for the marigold flower that still grows in abundance in and around the region, and puram which means a dwelling-place. The name Tiruchirappali is the combination of three words Thiru + Chira + Palli, meaning the 'School Chira'. In Thanyumanavar Temple in Rock fort, the pictures depict that there was a saint called 'Chira', who established a school ('Palli' in Tamil) near that area and taught. Hence the name Chira Palli or Tiruchirappalli, Tiru is a honoric prefix for the saint Chira. Normally the place names ends with 'Palli' refers the ancient devotional place of Jains (Samanar). Rocky caves in many places occupied by them. 'Palli' means not only school, it means resting place. HistoryTiruchirapalli was originally a Chola citadel and later, during 1st millennium AD, it was occupied by other south Indian dynasties such as the Pallavas and Pandyas. The Chola's regained control over Tiruchirapalli during the 10th century. Nearby Urayur was the capital of the Early Cholas. Later, after the fall of the Chola empire, it came under the direct conrol of the Madurai Nayak Dynasty who paid tribute to the Vijayanagara empire. The Rock Fort temple, the most famous landmark in Tiruchirapalli, was built by the Nayaks. The Madurai Nayak rulers changed their capital from Madurai to Tiruchirapalli, and back, several times.The city is home to Nagaraj Cholan and many historic temples, monuments, churches and mosques. Urayur, the Old Tiruchy, has over 2,500 years of known history and tradition. It was the capital of the early Chola kings. The oldest human-made dam, Kallanai, was built by Karikala Cholan across the Kaveri River about 10 miles from Urayur. Trichy was an important town in the days of the Later Cholas and of the Nayak kings, and during the early days of the British East India Company. The conquest of Tiruchirapalli by the British East India Company marked a major step in the British conquest of India. One famous landmark in Tiruchirapalli is the Rock Fort, a large outcrop of rock, 83 metres high. It is the only such outcrop in the otherwise-flat land of the city, and because of it Trichy is also called Rock City. On top of the rock is the Ucchi Pillayar Koil, a temple dedicated to the Hindu god Vinayaka (Ganesha), from where one can enjoy a panoramic view of Tiruchirapalli. The temple was also used as a military fort by the Nayaks for some time. On the southern face of the rock are several beautifully-carved cave temples of the Pallava period. On the eastern side is Sri Nandrudayan Vinayakar Temple, with Ganesha as the main deity. A large-sized Ganesha and depictions of other rare deities can be seen in this temple, which hosts festivals every year during the Vinayaka Chathurthi (birthday of Ganesha). Many Carnatic musicians have given concerts in this famous shrine. Around the rock temple is a busy commercial region, specializing in textiles, known as Chatram. The Main Guard Gate is flooded on festive occasions such as Deepavali, Ramzan, Bakrid, Christmas, and Pongal. Trichy is famous for the number of Christian churches it contains -- it is said to have the greatest number of chapels in India. The most famous are Holy Redeemer's Church (Sagayamatha Koil), Lourdes Church, and The Cathedral. Trichy also is famous for Arcot Nawab masjid (one of the oldest) , with its large water storage tank (Ahil) . Geography and climateThe topology of Trichy is flat. It lies at an altitude of 78 m above sea level. The river Kaveri (also called Cauvery) and the river Coleroon (also called Kollidam) flows here, the latter forms the northern boundary of the city. The river Cauvery flows along WNW-SSE direction through the city.There are a few hills located within the city, the prominent among them are Golden Rock, Rock Fort, and the one in Thiruverumbur. There are few reserve forests along the river Cauvery, located at the west or the north-west of the city. The southern and the south-western part of the district is dotted by several hills which are thought to be an offset of the Western Ghat Mountain range—the soil here is considered to be very fertile. As two rivers flows through the city, the northern part of the city is greener than other areas of the city. Trichy has a moderate and pleasant climate, with humidity slightly above normal. The city experiences mild winters and humid summers. The timing of the monsoon in this part of the country has lately become unpredictable, with the rainy season starting from mid-October until early-November and the rains then extending until early or mid-January. Summer temperature : 41.10°C (maximum) 36.40°C (minimum) Winter temperature : 21.31°C (maximum) 18.60°C (minimum) DemographicsAs of the 2008, Trichy had a population of 10,62,015. Males constitute 49.97% of the population and females 50.03%. Trichy has an average literacy rate of 91.45%. Male literacy is 94.17% and female literacy is 88.73%. In Trichy 9.59% of the population is under 6 years of age.The city's population is predominantly Hindu (with both Saivaite and Vaishnavaite), and there are sizable Christian and Muslim populations. Sikhs and Jains also are present in smaller numbers. Tamil is the official language. The dialect of the Tamil language spoken here is usually 'Neutral', with a blend of Kongu Tamil. Madurai Tamil may be heard as one travels through the eastern and southern-eastern boundaries of the city. One may also hear elangai / Sri Lankan Tamil spoken in some pockets of the city. Other language spoken here is English. Tiruchirapalli served as the headquarters of the South-Indian Railways (which was renamed later 'Southern Railways', with Madras/Chennai as the headquarters) during the pre-independence era, for a few years. Anglo-Indians, many of whom worked in the 'South-Indian Railways', started settling in 'Golden Rock-Township' and 'Crawford' located within the city, during that time. CultureThe city has a multi-cultural society with a sizeable presence of Tamil, English, Marathi, Telugu, Hindi, and Malayalam-speaking population. The city projects a calm outlook and is considered to be friendly toward tourists.One may experience typical Anglo-Indian, Andhra, Kerala and Tamil Nadu cuisines here. In addition to Pongal, the Thamizhar Thirunaal, Ugadi, Holi & Onam are festivals celebrated by their respective communities retaining their cultural roots. People living in Tiruchirapalli district have a rich ancient cultural heritage. The city served as the centre of fine arts since sangam literature. Uraiyur, the old name of Tiruchirapalli city, was the capital of early Cholas. Here lived a number of great Tamil Scholars and contributed to the Tamil literature. People living here even today speak Tamil mostly what is being used in written form than any other people living in other parts of Tamil Nadu. CuisineTrichy cuisine is predominantly South Indian with rice as the main-ingredient. The city prefers a fairly mild flavour, with variations to suit the local palette. Lunch is usually served in many restaurants over a banana leaf.North Indian, Chinese and Continental cuisines are also available. Jelebi, idly, dosa, halwa (a sweet made of milk, wheat, and rice), parotta and biryani are popular among the locals. EconomyTrichy is a major engineering hub and energy equipment and fabrication center of India.
Bharat Heavy Electriclas Limited (BHEL) is ranked among the leading Power Plant Manufacturers in the world. At TIRUCHIRAPALLI, the High Pressure Boiler Plant of the Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) was setup in 1963. Now, it is one of the foremost manufacturing facilities within BHEL and it has 3 major plants namely, High Pressure Boiler Plant, Seamless Steel Tube Plant and Boiler Auxiliaries Plant BHEL is the first state-owned company to acquire ISO 9000 certification during 1993 for all its operations. Further it has been accredited to ISO 14001 Standard. It is having a very big Housing colony, with all facilities including good educational facilities, on the NH-67, just in front of the main factory. BHEL --- Tiruchirappalli was set up during the period of K.Kamaraj, the then Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu and the statue of K.Kamaraj is there at the entrance of the Colony main Gate.
TransportationRoadways Kaveri Bridge connecting Trichy and Srirangam
The Chathram (Main Guard Gate) bus stand, near Rock Fort temple, runs local and mofussil (City-to-Town) bus services which connect people to nearby towns and villages such as Thuraiyur, Perambalur, Ariyalur, Cuddalore so and so..... Bus services are frequent, once in every two to five minutes, you will get a bus of your destination.
The central bus station runs long distance services to major cities and states of South India such as Tanjore,Chennai, Madurai, Coimbatore, Bangalore, Tirunelveli, Nagercoil, Tirupathi, Salem, Erode, Pudukkotai, Dindigul, Rameswaram, Theni, Tindivanam, Hosur, Vellore also well-connected Karnataka, Andhra and Kerala through private charter and Luxery buses. One can get buses from Trichy to almost any part of the state, due to its geographical location in the center of Tamil Nadu.
The State-run DCTC town buses cover areas from Trichy to Pudukkottai, Manapparai, Musiri, Viralimalai and Vallam. Private and public buses connect Trichy to all parts of Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu Government introduced the Share -Auto scheme in the year 2001. The city has a very wide network of city buses and mini buses. National Highways passing through TiruchirappalliOn the road infrastructure front, with the completion of highway projects in Tamil Nadu state. Trichy will have four track highways from the city branching to destination Chennai, Madurai, Nagappattinam and Coimbatore. The four-laning of Chennai-Trichy should be completed in 2010 and also Trichy-Madurai would be completed at the same time. The widening of Trichy-Tanjore, Trichy-Karur and Trichy-Rameswaram should also be completed in 2 years.Trichy is connected by major National Highways which connect
Railways Rail bridge over Kaveri river  Front view of Tiruchchirappalli Junction  A view of Platform 3 in TPJ Trichy Railway Junction has five branches leading to Madurai, Rameswaram, Erode, Tanjore and Chennai and currently there are 4 platforms in operation. Platform no 5, 6, 7 is under gauge convertion which is to be finished at the end of 2009. Trichy is one of the busiest railway junction in India. It has more than 200 train crossings per day in its division. It also has the record of a railway station to have broadgage next to Chennai. The Electrification between Villupuram and Tiruchchirappali is completed and service would be inaugrated soon. The double line is also approved for the same section works will be starting soon. This division has the press which supplies the printed unreserved ticket for Tamil Nadu railway stations. The railway station code for Trichy Junction is TPJ. Trains Originating from TrichyPallavan Express, Howrah Express, Rockfort Express, Ernakulam Tea Garden Express, Mayiladuthurai Express are the important trains originating from Trichy.Trains Passing through Trichy junctionThe other important trains passing through Trichy junction are Kanyakumari Express, Tamilnadu Sampark Kranti Express, Tirukkural Express, Ananthapuri Express, Pothigai Express, Nellai Express, Pandian Express, Mysore-Mayiladuthurai Express, Cape-Howrah Express, Chennai-Mangalore Express, Pearl City Express, Guruvayur Express, Jan Shatabdi Express, Nagercoil-Mumbai Express, Vaigai express, Sethu Express, Madurai-Jammutawi link Express, Pandian Express, Madurai-Lokmanya Tilak express, Nagercoil Express.Other than Express trains there are more number of Passenger Trains which connects the Trichy with the nearest town frequently. The Trichy city comprises the following railway stations: Airways Tiruchchirappalli International Airport  Tiruchchirappalli International Airport Plans are being made to upgrade it to a full fledged international airport in the next three years. The extended runway (8000ft) was commissioned and further expansion to 12500 ft has started. The new terminal building is opened in 2009. Two aero bridge are opened to use. This is the second airport in Tamil Nadu to get it next to Chennai. An new Air Traffic Control Centre is also being planned to be constructed to cope up with growing air traffic in the region. Various airlines including Malaysian airlines, Oman Air, Air Arabia will soon operate international flights. Kingfisher Airlines has stopped the service to Bangalore which is expected to resume soon. Air India Express made Dubai and Singapore flights a daily service AdministrationThe city is a Municipal Corporation. It also serves as the headquarters of the district with the same name. The city is headed by a Mayor, under whom are the Deputy Mayor and several councillors elected by people representing administrative wards; as well as a corporation Commissioner of the rank of IAS to administer the city.The city has one Member of Parliament representing the Trichy constituency, pudukkottai parliamentary constituency has been mearged with trichy and few regions are mearged with other constituncy for administrative reasons. Both Tiruchi (East) and Tiruchi (West) assembly constituencies are part of Tiruchirappalli (Lok Sabha constituency). The district is headed by the District Collector of the rank of IAS. The District court is the highest court of appeal in Trichy/Tiruchirappalli. The city has seen moderate to high development in spite of funds constraint. The city's police force is headed by the City Police Commissioner of the rank of IPS. One of the 5 Central prisons of the state is located here. Education NIT, Trichy welcome board
Health-careThe city has numerous hospitals. Apart from the Government hospital, several multi-facility hospitals function in the city. The district's health department is one of the best in terms of implementing government-initiated healthcare schemes.Rare surgical procedures have taken place in some of the hospitals in the city. The polio eradication programme is heavily assisted by various NGOs and clubs in the city. It also has many sidhdha/unani/ayurveda/homeopathic clinics. Trichy - A low-cost high-quality healthcare destination Fast pace of economic development with the increase in the health awareness have led to the growth of the healthcare industry in the city. The city stands next to Chennai in Tamilnadu for affordable and quality healthcare deliveries of high-standards. Trichy is only city other than Chennai have made the heart transplation surgery successfully in Tamilnadu. Trichy is also a preferred healthcare destination to the population from nearby towns and districts. Tourism Anna Planetarium, Tiruchirappalli  A picture of upper Anaicut or Mukkombu
A number of temples of historic importance stands here in Trichy include Sri Rangam, Rock Fort, Samayapuram, Thiruvanaikkaval, Vekkaliyamman, Iyappan Temple, Vayalur Murugan Kovil, Somarasam Pettai Mariyamman Kovil, Uyyakondan Thirumalai, Erumbeeshwar Temple, Rettai Malai Sami Kovil,bikshandar koil, etc.
The Anna Science Centre-Planetarium is located at Guttapet, 5 km from Trichy-Central bus terminus on Pudukkottai Road, close to Trichy Airport.
A Zoological Park has been proposed to be set up in Trichy, along the River Cauvery.
Grand Anaicut at Kallanai (24 km) is an ancient dam built (according to legends) by Karikala Chola across the River Cauvery in the 1st century CE. It still is in use as part of the district's irrigation system. Mukkombu or Upper Anaicut (18 km) is a wonderful picnic spot where the River Kollidam or Coleroon branches off from the River Cauvery. Viralimalai (30 km) a hillock has a peacock sanctuary at the foothills. Sittanavasal (58 km) is the site of an ancient Jain monastery with exquisite fresco paintings in a cave. It is also noted for its prehistoric burial grounds. Puliancholai (72 km) is a waterfall in the foothills of the Kolli Hills. It is a nice picnic spot. Musiri (20 km) here Thiruengoimalai Maragatha Lingeswar temple is nice place and also cavery river is looking nice, when we see from the Thiru-engoi-malai.
Kolli Hills seated on the Pachamalai (Green hills) range which in turn is an eastern offshoot of the Eastern Ghats. The Pachaimalai range of hills is cut across by the River Cauvery at numerous places, forming small valleys. Kolli Hills is a low lying hill station with gentle plateau falls inside Trichy district. Though the altitude of these hills is only average, it always has a pleasant climate and many parts of the hills are heavily wooded. However, it has retained its pristine beauty owing to being lesser known among the tourists.
Important and Famous Temples, Churches and Mosques Artistic Pillars in one of the temple at Tiruchirappalli Important Temples
The others are - :Tiruvannamalai (Thejo sthalam - Fire) :Kanchipuram (Prithvi sthalam - Earth) :Kalahasti (Vayu sthalam - Air) :Chidambaram (Akasa sthalam - Space).
Important ChurchesThe architecture of the St. Joseph's College Church situated within the St. Joseph College Campus is awe inspiring. The Poondi Madha Basilica is one of the famous churches near Trichy. It is approximately 25 km from Trichy junction and around 12 km from the Grand Anaikut, Kallanai. Important MosqueThere are numerous other churches, temples, and mosques in and around the city. A famous mosque is located in Palakarai. The Nadhar Shah mosque is rumored to be over a 1000 years old. Media and communication
The city has two major English dailies, The Hindu and The New Indian Express. Tamil language dailies include Dina Malar, Dina Thanthi, Dina Mani and Dinakaran with two other dailies Tamil Murasu and Malai Malar published in the evening.
A short wave radio station is operated by All India Radio, with most programmes in Tamil, English and Hindi. A FM station AIR FM Rainbow operated by All India Radio with the programmes in Tamil, English and Hindi, Also a other Private FM Stations Hello FM 106.4Mhz (Malar Publication), Suryan FM 93.5Mhz (SUN Network) and Holly Cross (Educational) Operated in this City.
Television relay started in 1985 from Delhi Doordarshan. In 1986, after inception of a repeater tower at Kodaikanal, telecast from Madras Doordarshan commenced. Television reception is through DTH or by Cable, while "Doordarshan" reception is still available using an external antenna.
Trichy has an excellent communication infrastructure, with the major cellular/broadband service providers involved in. Telecom services BSNL (Second Largest Electronic Exchange in Tamilnadu), VSNL (TATA Indicom), Reliance, Vodafone, Airtel, Aircel and BPL available are by Landline, CDMA and GSM. Fiber optic cables were laid in 2001, improving internet access. Entertainment
A Zoological Park has been proposed to be set-up in Trichy soon.
A Water-theme park proposed by Trichy City Corporation is to come-up in Anna Nagar soon. Also another theme park promoted by a private company is under construction near Kudamuratti river within Trichy city limit.
The following list gives the Cinema halls in Trichy city. There are local, defunct and non-operating theatres which are not included in this list. Notable peopleSome prominent people from Trichy include:
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Used under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License; additional terms may apply.
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