Southern Italy in 1112
CE showing the major states and cities.
(died
30 October 1137) was the thirty-ninth and last
duke (or
magister militum)
of Naples. He succeeded his father
John VI on the Neapolitan throne in 1120 or 1123 at a time when
Roger II of Sicily was rising rapidly in power. When Roger succeeded as
duke of Apulia in 1127 and was crowned king in 1130, the fate of Naples hinged on Sergius' relations with the Sicilian court.
In 1131, Roger demanded from the citizens of
Amalfi the defences of their city and the keys to their castle. When the citizens refused, Sergius initially prepared to aid them with a fleet, but the Admiral
George of Antioch blockaded the port city with a larger fleet and Sergius submitted to Roger. According to the chronicler
Alexander of Telese, Naples "which, since Roman times, had hardly ever been conquered by the sword now submitted to Roger on the strength of a mere report." Sergius' prestige was not high and all of
southern Italy was now in Roger's hands.
In 1134, Sergius supported the rebellion of
Robert II of Capua and
Ranulf II of Alife, but avoided any direct confrontation with Roger. After the fall of Capua, he did homage to the king. But the next year, on
24 April 1135, a
Pisan fleet under the exiled Robert of Capua laid anchor in Naples. Carrying 8,000 reinforcements, the fleet increased rebel morale and soon a full-scale revolt had recommenced. Sergius had to welcome Ranulf, who was in the same position as he: in revolt against the king he to whom had so recently sworn fealty. The rebel leaders—Robert, Ranulf, and Sergius—were besieged in Naples until Spring 1136. By then, many people were dying of starvation. Yet according to the historian and rebel sympathiser
Falco of Benevento, Sergius and the Neapolitans did not relent, "preferring to die of hunger than to bare their necks to the power of an evil King." The naval blockade of Naples, however, had holes and Sergius was able to slip by to Pisa for more supplies and on another occasion Robert did the same. A relief army, commanded by none other than the
Emperor Lothair II himself, however, was coming to Naples' rescue and Roger lifted the siege.
Lothair left quickly after conquering nearly the whole of the
Mezzogiorno, and so Roger was able to retake his lost possessions. Sergius again kneeled before him in homage, trying to spare his city another siege. Sergius was forgiven and accompanied Roger on an expedition against his erstwhile ally Ranulf, now duke of Apulia. On
October 30, at the
Battle of Rignano, he and Roger II, as well as Roger's son, were defeated, Sergius himself dying on the field.
Ironically enough, Roger's defeat in Rignano opened the field to his conquest of Naples itself, since Sergius VII died heirless and Naples' nobility couldn't reach an agreement as to who would succeed as duke. Roger finally absorbed the
Duchy of Naples into his new kingdom in 1139, when the
pope,
Innocent II, and the Neapolitan nobility acknowledged the young
Alfonso of Hauteville as duke.
Sources
Category:1137 deathsCategory:Italian nobilityCategory:Dukes of Napleses:Sergio VII de Nápolesit:Sergio VII di Napoliru:Сергий VII (герцог Неаполя)
