Events

• 1399 – Henry IV is proclaimed King of England.

• 1744 – France and Spain defeat the Kingdom of Sardinia at the Battle of Madonna dell'Olmo.

• 1791 – The Magic Flute, the last opera composed by Mozart, receives its premiere performance at Freihaus-Theater auf der Wieden in Vienna, Austria.

• 1791 – The National Constituent Assembly in Paris is dissolved; Parisians hail Maximilien Robespierre and Jérôme Pétion as incorruptible patriots.

• 1813 – Battle of Bárbula: Simón Bolívar defeats Santiago Bobadilla.

• 1860 – Britain's first tram service begins in Birkenhead, Merseyside.

• 1882 – The world's first commercial hydroelectric power plant (later known as Appleton Edison Light Company) begins operation on the Fox River in Appleton, Wisconsin, United States.

• 1888 – Jack the Ripper kills his third and fourth victims, Elizabeth Stride and Catherine Eddowes.

• 1895 – Madagascar becomes a French protectorate.

• 1901 – Hubert Cecil Booth patents the vacuum cleaner.

• 1903 – The new Gresham's School is officially opened by Field Marshal Sir Evelyn Wood.

• 1906 – The Real Academia Galega, Galician language's biggest linguistic authority, starts working in Havana.

• 1927 – Babe Ruth becomes the first baseball player to hit 60 home runs in a season.

• 1931 – Start of "Die Voortrekkers" youth movement for Afrikaners in Bloemfontein, South Africa.

• 1935 – The Hoover Dam, astride the border between the U.S. states of Arizona and Nevada, is dedicated.

• 1938 – At 2:00 am, Britain, France, Germany and Italy sign the Munich Agreement, allowing Germany to occupy the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia.

• 1938 – The League of Nations unanimously outlaws "intentional bombings of civilian populations".

• 1939 – General Władysław Sikorski becomes commander-in-chief of the Polish Government in exile.

• 1941 – World War II: Holocaust in Kiev, Ukraine: German Einsatzgruppe C complete Babi Yar massacre.

• 1945 – The Bourne End rail crash, in Hertfordshire, England, kills 43

• 1947 – The Islamic Republic of Pakistan and Yemen join the United Nations.

• 1947 – The World Series, featuring the New York Yankees and the Brooklyn Dodgers, is televised for the first time.

• 1949 – The Berlin Airlift ends.

• 1954 – The U.S. Navy submarine is commissioned as the world's first nuclear reactor powered vessel.

• 1955 – Film icon James Dean dies in a road accident aged 24.

• 1962 – Mexican-American labor leader César Chávez founds the United Farm Workers.

• 1962 – James Meredith enters the University of Mississippi, defying segregation.

• 1965 – General Suharto rises to power after an alleged coup by the Communist Party of Indonesia. In response, Suharto and his army massacre over a million Indonesians suspected of being communists.

• 1966 – The British protectorate of Bechuanaland declares its independence, and becomes the Republic of Botswana. Seretse Khama takes office as the first President.

• 1967 – BBC Radio 1 is launched and Tony Blackburn presents its first show; the BBC's other national radio stations also adopt numeric names.

• 1968 – The Boeing 747 is rolled out and shown to the public for the first time at the Boeing Everett Factory.

• 1970 – Jordan makes a deal with the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) for the release of the remaining hostages from the Dawson's Field hijackings.

• 1972 –Roberto Clemente records his 3,000th and final hit and final hit of his career.

• 1975 – The Hughes (later McDonnell-Douglas, now Boeing) AH-64 Apache makes its first flight.

• 1977 – Because of US budget cuts and dwindling power reserves, the Apollo program's ALSEP experiment packages left on the Moon are shut down.

• 1977 – Philippine political prisoners, Eugenio Lopez, Jr. and Sergio Osmeña III escape from Fort Bonifacio Maximum Security Prison in the Philippines.

• 1979 – The Hong Kong MTR commences service with the opening of its Modified Initial System (aka. Kwun Tong Line).

• 1980 – Ethernet specifications are published by Xerox working with Intel and Digital Equipment Corporation.

• 1982 – Cyanide-laced Tylenol kills six people in the Chicago area. Seven are killed in all.

• 1986 – Mordechai Vanunu, who revealed details of Israel covert nuclear program to British media, is kidnapped in Rome, Italy.

• 1989 – Foreign Minister of West Germany Hans-Dietrich Genscher's speech from the balcony of the German embassy in Prague.

• 1990 – The Dalai Lama unveils the Canadian Tribute to Human Rights in Canada's capital city of Ottawa.

• 1990 – The Chicago White Sox defeat the Seattle Mariners 2-1 at the final game at Comiskey Park.

• 1991 – President Jean-Bertrand Aristide of Haiti is forced from office.

• 1993 – An earthquake hits India's Latur and Osmanabad district of Marathwada (Aurangabad division) in Maharashtra state leaving tens of thousands of people dead and many more homeless.

• 1994 – Aldwych tube station (originally Strand Station) of the London Underground closes after eighty-eight years of service.

• 1999 – Japan's worst nuclear accident at a uranium reprocessing facility in Tōkai-mura, northeast of Tokyo.

• 2004 – The first images of a live giant squid in its natural habitat are taken 600 miles south of Tokyo.

• 2004 – The AIM-54 Phoenix, the primary missile for the F-14 Tomcat, is retired from service. Almost two years later, the Tomcat is retired.

• 2005 – The controversial drawings of Muhammad are printed in the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten.

• 2006 – the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia adopted the Constitutional Act that proclaimed the new Constitution of Serbia.

Births

• 1207 – Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi, Persian mystic and poet (d. 1273)

• 1227 – Pope Nicholas IV (d. 1292)

• 1530 – Geronimo Mercuriali, Italian philologist and physician (d. 1606)

• 1550 – Michael Maestlin, German mathematician (d. 1631)

• 1631 – William Stoughton, American judge at the Salem witch trials (d. 1701)

• 1700 – Stanisław Konarski, Polish writer (d. 1773)

• 1710 – John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford, British statesman (d. 1771)

• 1715 – Étienne Bonnot de Condillac, French philosopher (d. 1780)

• 1732 – Jacques Necker, French finance minister of Louis XVI (d. 1804)

• 1765 – José María Morelos, Mexican revolutionary (d. 1815)

• 1800 – Decimus Burton, British architect (d. 1881)

• 1811 – Augusta of Saxe-Weimar, Queen of Prussia and German Empress (d. 1890)

• 1827 – Ellis H. Roberts, American politician (d. 1918)

• 1852 – Charles Villiers Stanford, Irish composer, resident in England (d. 1924)

• 1861 – William Wrigley, Jr., American industrialist (Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company) (d. 1932)

• 1870 – Jean Baptiste Perrin, French physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 1942)

• 1870 – Thomas W. Lamont, American banker; father of Corliss Lamont; great-grandfather of Ned Lamont (d. 1948)

• 1882 – Hans Geiger, German physicist (d. 1945)

• 1883 – Bernhard Rust, Nazi education minister (d. 1945)

• 1887 – Lil Dagover, Dutch-born German actress (d. 1980)

• 1893 – Lansdale Sasscer, American politician (d. 1964)

• 1895 – Lewis Milestone, Russian-born film director (d. 1980)

• 1897 – Alfred Wintle, British WW1 & WW2 soldier; author of "The Last Englishman" (d. 1966)

• 1898 – Renée Adorée, French actress (d. 1933)

• 1898 – Princess Charlotte of Monaco (d. 1977)

• 1904 – Waldo Williams, Welsh poet (d. 1971)

• 1905 – Nevill Francis Mott, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1996)

• 1908 – David Oistrakh, Ukrainian violinist (d. 1974)

• 1912 – Kenny Baker, American singer and actor (d. 1985)

• 1913 – Bill Walsh, American film producer and writer (d. 1975)

• 1915 – Lester Maddox, American businessman, one-time segregationist and Governor of Georgia (d. 2003)

• 1917 – Park Chunghee, President of South Korea (d. 1979)

• 1917 – Buddy Rich, American big band drummer (d. 1987)

• 1918 – Lewis Nixon, WWII Veteran (d. 1996)

• 1919 – Roberto Bonomi, Argentine racing driver (d. 1992)

• 1919 – Patricia Neway, American soprano

• 1920 – Aldo Parisot, Brazilian-American musician and cellist

• 1921 – Deborah Kerr, Scottish actress (d. 2007)

• 1922 – Alan Stretton, Australian general

• 1924 – Truman Capote, American author (d. 1984)

• 1926 – Robin Roberts, American baseball player

• 1927 – W. S. Merwin, American poet

• 1928 – Elie Wiesel, Romanian Holocaust survivor, author, and lecturer, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize

• 1931 – Angie Dickinson, American actress

• 1932 – Shintarō Ishihara, Japanese author and politician (Governor of Tokyo)

• 1932 – Johnny Podres, American baseball player (d. 2008)

• 1933 – Cissy Houston, American gospel/r&b singer

• 1933 – Barbara Knox, English actress

• 1934 – Udo Jürgens, Austrian singer

• 1934 – Anna Kashfi, Welsh actress

• 1935 – Johnny Mathis, American singer

• 1935 – Z. Z. Hill, American blues singer (d. 1984)

• 1937 – Valentin Silvestrov, Ukrainian composer

• 1937 – Jurek Becker, German author.

• 1939 – Jean-Marie Lehn, French chemist, Nobel Prize laureate

• 1942 – Frankie Lymon, American singer (d. 1968)

• 1943 – Johann Deisenhofer, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate

• 1943 – Marilyn McCoo, American singer (The 5th Dimension)

• 1943 – Ian Ogilvy, British Actor

• 1944 – Diane Dufresne, French Canadian singer

• 1945 – Ehud Olmert, twelfth Prime Minister of Israel

• 1945 – Bob Lassiter, American radio personality

• 1946 – Paul Sheahan, Australian Test Cricketer 1967-1974

• 1946 – Héctor Lavoe, Puerto Rican singer (d. 1993)

• 1946 – Claude Vorilhon, founder of Raelism, a ufo religion

• 1946 – Fran Brill, American actress, voice actress and puppeteer

• 1947 – Marc Bolan, British musician (d. 1977)

• 1947 – Dave Arneson, American game designer (d. 2009)

• 1947 – Rula Lenska, English actress

• 1948 – Craig Kusick, American baseball player

• 1950 – Renato Zero, Italian musician

• 1951 – Barry Marshall, Australian physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

• 1952 – Jack Wild, British actor (d. 2006)

• 1953 – Deborah Allen, American singer

• 1953 – S. M. Stirling, Canadian-born author

• 1954 – Basia Trzetrzelewska, Polish-born singer and songwriter

• 1954 – Barry Williams, American actor

• 1954 – Patrice Rushen, American musician

• 1957 – Fran Drescher, American actress

• 1958 – Marty Stuart, American musician

• 1959 – Ettore Messina, Italian basketball coach

• 1960 – Blanche Lincoln, American politician

• 1961 – Eric Stoltz, American actor

• 1961 – Crystal Bernard, American actress

• 1961 – Eric van de Poele, Belgian racing driver

• 1961 – Sally Yeh, Hong Kong singer and actress

• 1962 – Frank Rijkaard, Dutch football player and manager

• 1963 – David Barbe, American musician (Sugar)

• 1964 – Monica Bellucci, Italian actress

• 1964 – Trey Anastasio, American musician (Phish)

• 1964 – Robby Takac, American singer and bassist (Goo Goo Dolls)

• 1965 – Kathleen Madigan, American comedian

• 1965 – Omid Djalili, British stand-up comedian and actor

• 1966 – Kerry G. Johnson, African American graphic designer and caricaturist

• 1966 – Gary Armstrong, Scotland rugby player

• 1969 – Chris Von Erich, American professional wrestler (d. 1991)

• 1969 – Mark Smith, English body builder, former Gladiators player

• 1971 – Jenna Elfman, American actress

• 1972 – Ari Behn, Norwegian author

• 1972 – Shaan, Indian singer

• 1972 – Jamal Anderson, American football player

• 1974 – Jeremy Giambi, American baseball player

• 1974 – Daniel Wu, American-born Chinese film actor, director, and producer

• 1975 – Marion Cotillard, French actress

• 1975 – Carlos Guillén, Venezuelan baseball player

• 1975 – Georges-Alain Jones, French singer

• 1977 – Maia Brewton, American actress

• 1977 – Roy Carroll, Northern Irish footballer

• 1977 – Sun Jihai, Chinese footballer

• 1978 – Candice Michelle, American female wrestler

• 1978 – Róbinson Zapata, Colombian footballer (goalkeeper)

• 1979 – Andy van der Meyde, Dutch footballer

• 1979 – Clio-Danae Othoneou, Greek actress, musician and pianist

• 1979 – Vince Chong, Malaysian singer-songwriter

• 1979 – Cameron Bruce, Australian footballer

• 1980 – Camilla D’Errico, Canadian comic book artist and painter

• 1980 – Martina Hingis, Swiss tennis player

• 1981 – Cecelia Ahern, Irish author

• 1981 – Dominique Moceanu, American gymnast

• 1981 – Brandon Watson, American baseball

• 1982 – Seth Smith, American baseball player

• 1982 – Lacey Chabert, American actress

• 1982 – Kieran Culkin, American actor

• 1982 – Ola Jordan, Professional Dancer

• 1982 – Tory Lane, American nude model, exotic dancer, and pornographic actress

• 1982 – Michelle Marsh, British model

• 1982 – Teal Redmann, American actress

• 1982 – Yan Stastny, Canadian ice hockey player

• 1982 – Ryan Stout, American comedian

• 1982 – Ryane Clowe Canadian ice hockey player

• 1983 – Andreea Răducan, Romanian gymnast

• 1983 – Adam Jones, American football player

• 1983 – T-Pain, American musician

• 1985 – Adam Cooney, Australian footballer

• 1986 – Christian Zapata, Colombian footballer

• 1986 – Martin Guptill, New Zealand Cricketer

• 1987 – Denise Laurel, Filipino actress and singer

Deaths

• 420 – Saint Jerome, translator of the Vulgate Bible

• 653 – Saint Honorius, Archbishop of Canterbury

• 1101 – Anselm IV, Archbishop of Milan

• 1246 – Yaroslav II of Russia (b. 1191)

• 1440 – Reginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn, English soldier and politician

• 1487 – John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1400)

• 1551 – Ōuchi Yoshitaka, Japanese warlord (b. 1507)

• 1560 – Melchior Cano, Spanish theologian (b. 1525)

• 1572 – St. Francis Borgia, Jesuit priest (b. 1510)

• 1581 – Hubert Languet, French diplomat and reformer (b. 1518)

• 1626 – Nurhaci, Manchurian chief (b. 1559)

• 1628 – Fulke Greville, 1st Baron Brooke, English poet (b. 1554)

• 1770 – Thomas Robinson, 1st Baron Grantham, English politician and diplomat

• 1770 – George Whitefield, English-born Methodist leader (b. 1714)

• 1772 – James Brindley, English engineer (b. 1716)

• 1865 – Samuel David Luzzatto, Italian-Jewish scholar (b. 1800)

• 1888 – Elizabeth Stride, widely believed to be the third victim of Jack the Ripper (b. 1843)

• 1888 – Catherine Eddowes, widely believed to be the fourth victim of Jack the Ripper (b. 1842)

• 1891 – Georges Boulanger, French general and politician (b. 1837)

• 1897 – St Therese of Lisieux, Roman Catholic saint and mystic (b. 1873)

• 1910 – Maurice Lévy, French engineer (b. 1838)

• 1913 – Rudolf Diesel, German inventor (b. 1858)

• 1942 – Hans-Joachim Marseille, German fighter pilot (b. 1919)

• 1943 – Franz Oppenheimer, German sociologist (b. 1864)

• 1955 – James Dean, American actor (automobile accident) (b. 1931)

• 1961 – Onésime Gagnon, French Canadian politician, lieutenant-governor of Québec (b. 1888)

• 1965 – Six generals of Indonesian National Army assassinated by counter-coup action known as 30 September Movement

• 1973 – Peter Pitseolak, Inuit photographer and author (b. 1902)

• 1974 – Carlos Prats, Chilean Constitutionalist General, assassinated in the frame of Operation Condor (b. 1915)

• 1977 – Mary Ford, American singer (Les Paul and Mary Ford) (b. 1924)

• 1978 – Edgar Bergen, American actor and ventriloquist (b. 1903)

• 1985 – Simone Signoret, French actress (b. 1921)

• 1985 – Charles Richter, American seismologist (b. 1900)

• 1988 – Al Holbert, American race car driver and team owner (b. 1946)

• 1989 – Virgil Thomson, American composer (b. 1896)

• 1990 – Patrick White, Australian writer, Nobel laureate (b. 1912)

• 1990 – Alice Parizeau, Quebec writer and journalist (b. 1930)

• 1990 – Rob Moroso, American NASCAR driver (b. 1968)

• 1994 – Andre Michael Lwoff, French microbiologist, Nobel laureate (b. 1902)

• 1998 – Dan Quisenberry, American baseball player (b. 1953)

• 2002 – Hans-Peter Tschudi, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1913)

• 2002 – Göran Kropp, Swedish adventurer and mountaineer (b. 1966)

• 2003 – Robert Kardashian, Armenian-American lawyer (b. 1944)

• 2003 – Yusuf Bey, Black Muslim leader (b. 1935)

• 2004 – Gamini Fonseka, Sri Lankan actor (b. 1936)

• 2004 – Michael Relph, British film producer and director (b. 1915)

• 2004 – Jacques Levy, Jewish American songwriter, theatre director, and clinical psychologist (b. 1935)

• 2008 – Joshua Benjamin Jeyaretnam, Singapore Opposition Leader & former Secretary-General of Singapore's Worker's Party (b. 1926)

Holidays and observances

• RC Saints – Saint Jerome

• Botswana – Independence Day (1966)

• São Tomé and Príncipe – Agricultural Reform (Nationalization) Day

• French Republican Calendar – Panais (Parsnip) Day, ninth day in the Month of Vendémiaire

• International Translation Day, introduced in 1991 by International Federation of Translators

• September 30 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)