Events

• 36 BC – In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius, son of Pompey, thus ending Pompeian resistance to the Second Triumvirate.

• 301 – San Marino, one of the smallest nations in the world and the world's oldest republic still in existence, is founded by Saint Marinus.

• 590 – Gregory I becomes pope.

• 863 – Major Byzantine victory at the Battle of Lalakaon against an Arab raid.

• 1189 – Richard I of England (a.k.a. Richard "the Lionheart") is crowned at Westminster.

• 1260 – The Mamluks defeat the Mongols at the Battle of Ain Jalut in Palestine, marking their first decisive defeat and the point of maximum expansion of the Mongol Empire.

• 1650 – Third English Civil War: Battle of Dunbar

• 1651 – Third English Civil War: Battle of Worcester – Charles II of England is defeated in the last main battle of the war.

• 1666 – The Royal Exchange burns down in the Great Fire of London

• 1777 – Cooch's Bridge – Skirmish of American Revolutionary War in New Castle County, Delaware where the Flag of the United States is flown in battle for the first time.

• 1783 – American Revolutionary War: The war ends with the signing of the Treaty of Paris by the United States and the Kingdom of Great Britain.

• 1798 – The week long battle of St. George's Caye begins between Spanish and British off the coast of Belize.

• 1802 – William Wordsworth composes the sonnet Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802.

• 1803 – English scientist John Dalton begins using symbols to represent the atoms of different elements.

• 1812 – 24 settlers are killed in the Pigeon Roost Massacre.

• 1838 – Dressed in a sailor's uniform and carrying identification papers provided by a Free Black seaman, future abolitionist Frederick Douglass boards a train in Maryland on his way to freedom from slavery.

• 1855 – Indian Wars: In Nebraska, 700 soldiers under United States General William S. Harney avenge the Grattan Massacre by attacking a Sioux village, killing 100 men, women, and children.

• 1861 – American Civil War: Confederate General Leonidas Polk invades neutral Kentucky, prompting the state legislature to ask for Union assistance.

• 1870 – Franco-Prussian War: the Siege of Metz begins, resulting in a decisive Prussian victory on October 23.

• 1874 – The congress of the state of México elevates Naucalpan to the category of Villa, with the title of "Villa de Juárez".

• 1878 – Over 640 die when the crowded pleasure boat collides with the Bywell Castle in the River Thames.

• 1914 – William, Prince of Albania leaves the country after just six months due to opposition to his rule.

• 1933 – Yevgeniy Abalakov reaches the highest point of the Soviet Union – Communism Peak (7495 m).

• 1935 – Sir Malcolm Campbell reaches speed of 304.331 miles per hour on the Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah, becoming the first person to drive an automobile over 300 mph

• 1939 – World War II: France, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Australia declare war on Germany after the invasion of Poland, forming the Allies.

• 1941 – Holocaust: Karl Fritzsch, deputy camp commandant of the Auschwitz concentration camp, experiments with the use of Zyklon B in the gassing of Soviet POWs.

• 1942 – World War II: In response to news of its coming liquidation, Dov Lopatyn leads an uprising in the Lakhva Ghetto.

• 1944 – Holocaust: Diarist Anne Frank and her family are placed on the last transport train from Westerbork to Auschwitz, arriving three days later.

• 1950 – "Nino" Farina becomes the first Formula One Drivers' champion after winning the 1950 Italian Grand Prix.

• 1951 – The first long-running American television soap opera, Search for Tomorrow, airs its first episode on the CBS network.

• 1954 – The People's Liberation Army begins shelling the ROC-controlled islands of Quemoy.

• 1954 – The German U-Boat U-505 begins its move from a specially constructed dock to its final site at Chicago's Museum of Science and Industry.

• 1967 – Dagen H in Sweden: traffic changes from driving on the left to driving on the right overnight.

• 1971 – Qatar becomes an independent state

• 1976 – Viking program: The Viking 2 spacecraft lands at Utopia Planitia on Mars.

• 1994 – Sino-Soviet Split: Russia and the People's Republic of China agree to de-target their nuclear weapons against each other.

• 1995 – eBay is founded.

• 1997 – A Vietnam Airlines Tupolev TU-134 crashes on approach into Phnom Penh airport, killing 64.

• 1999 – 87-automobile pile-up on Highway 401 freeway just east of Windsor, Ontario, Canada after an unusually thick fog from Lake St. Clair.

• 2004 – Beslan school hostage crisis: Day 3: The Beslan hostage crisis ends with the deaths of over 300 people, more than half of which are children.

Births

• 1034 – Emperor Go-Sanjō of Japan (d. 1073)

• 1499 – Diane de Poitiers, mistress of Henri II of France (d. 1566)

• 1568 – Adriano Banchieri, Italian composer (d. 1634)

• 1675 – Paul Dudley, Attorney-General of Massachusetts (d. 1751)

• 1693 – Charles Radclyffe, British politician (d. 1746)

• 1695 – Pietro Locatelli, Italian composer (d. 1764)

• 1710 – Abraham Trembley, Swiss naturalist (d. 1784)

• 1724 – Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester, British soldier and Governor of Quebec (d. 1808)

• 1781 – Eugène de Beauharnais, son of Josephine de Beauharnais (d. 1824)

• 1810 – Paul Kane, Canadian painter (d. 1871)

• 1820 – George Hearst, American businessman and father of William Randolph Hearst (d. 1891)

• 1841 – Tom Emmett, England cricketer (d. 1904)

• 1849 – Sarah Orne Jewett, American writer (d. 1909)

• 1851 – Olga Konstantinovna of Russia, Queen of Greece (d. 1926)

• 1856 – Louis Sullivan, American architect (d. 1924)

• 1856 – Robert Stewart, South African cricketer (d. 1913)

• 1869 – Fritz Pregl, Slovenian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1930)

• 1875 – Ferdinand Porsche, Austrian automotive engineer (d. 1951)

• 1882 – Johnny Douglas, England cricketer and boxer (d. 1930)

• 1887 – Frank Christian, American musician (d. 1973)

• 1897 – Sally Benson, American writer (d. 1972)

• 1899 – Frank Macfarlane Burnet, Australian biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1985)

• 1900 – Maurice Dobb, British economist (d. 1976)

• 1900 – Urho Kekkonen, Finnish politician (d. 1986)

• 1900 – Percy Chapman, England cricketer (d. 1961)

• 1901 – Eduard van Beinum, Dutch conductor (d. 1959)

• 1905 – Carl David Anderson, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)

• 1905 – John Mills, New Zealand cricketer (d. 1972)

• 1907 – Loren Eiseley, American anthropologist (d. 1977)

• 1908 – Lev Semenovich Pontryagin, Russian mathematician (d. 1988)

• 1910 – Kitty Carlisle, American actress and television personality (d. 2007)

• 1910 – Maurice Papon, French Nazi collaborator (d. 2007)

• 1911 – Bernard Mammes, American cyclist (d. 2000)

• 1913 – Alan Ladd, American actor (d. 1964)

• 1914 – Dixy Lee Ray, American politician (d. 1994)

• 1916 – Eddie Stanky, American baseball player (d. 1999)

• 1918 – Helen Wagner, American actress

• 1921 – Marguerite Higgins, American reporter and war correspondent, Pulitzer prize winner (d. 1966)

• 1921 – Thurston Dart, English harpsichordist and conductor (d. 1971)

• 1923 – Mort Walker, American cartoonist (Beetle Bailey)

• 1925 – Bengt Lindström, Swedish artist (d. 2008)

• 1925 – Shoista Mullodzhanova, Shashmakom singer

• 1925 – Hank Thompson, American singer (d. 2007)

• 1926 – Alison Lurie, American novelist

• 1926 – Irene Papas, Greek actress

• 1928 – Gaston Thorn, President of the European Commission (d. 2007)

• 1929 – Carlo Clerici, Swiss cyclist (d. 2007)

• 1930 – Cherry Wilder, New Zealand author (d. 2002)

• 1931 – Albert DeSalvo, The Boston Strangler (d. 1973)

• 1931 – Dick Motta, American basketball coach

• 1932 – Eileen Brennan, American actress

• 1933 – Tompall Glaser, American singer

• 1933 – Basil Butcher, West Indian cricketer

• 1934 – Freddie King, American musician (d. 1976)

• 1938 – Caryl Churchill, English playwright

• 1938 – Ryoji Noyori, Japanese chemist, Nobel Prize laureate

• 1940 – Eduardo Galeano, Uruguayan journalist

• 1940 – Pauline Collins, English actress

• 1941 – Sergei Dovlatov, Russian writer (d. 1990)

• 1942 – Al Jardine, American musician (The Beach Boys)

• 1942 – John Shrapnel, English actor

• 1943 – Valerie Perrine, American actress

• 1943 – Frank Lister, English footballer

• 1947 – Eric Bell, Irish guitarist (Thin Lizzy)

• 1947 – Kjell Magne Bondevik, Norwegian politician

• 1948 – Levy Mwanawasa – Zambian Politician (d. 2008)

• 1949 – Patriarch Peter VII of Alexandria (d. 2004)

• 1949 – José Pekerman, Argentine football manager

• 1950 – Doug Pinnick, American bassist and singer (King's X)

• 1951 – Denys Hobson, former South African cricketer

• 1953 – Jean-Pierre Jeunet, French film director

• 1955 – Steve Jones, English musician (Sex Pistols)

• 1956 – Pat McGeown, Provisional Irish Republican Army member

• 1957 – Garth Ancier, American television executive

• 1957 – Earl Cureton, American basketball player

• 1959 – Merritt Butrick, American actor (d. 1989)

• 1962 – Costas Mandylor, Australian-born actor

• 1963 – Amber Lynn, American porn star

• 1963 – Mubarak Ghanim, UAE footballer

• 1964 – Adam Curry, Internet entrepreneur

• 1964 – Spike Feresten, American television writer

• 1964 – Junaid Jamshed, Pakistani singer

• 1964 – Holt McCallany, American actor

• 1964 – Nigel Rhodes, English actor and musician

• 1965 – Charlie Sheen, American actor

• 1966 – Vladimir Ryzhkov, Russian politician

• 1969 – John Fugelsang, American actor

• 1969 – Marianna Komlos, Canadian bodybuilder, fitness model, professional wrestler, and valet (d. 2004)

• 1970 – Jeremy Glick, American United Airlines Flight 93 passenger (d. 2001)

• 1970 – Gareth Southgate, English footballer

• 1971 – Chabeli Iglesias, Spanish journalist

• 1971 – Trevor St. John, American actor

• 1972 – Natalia Estrada, Spanish model and actress

• 1972 – Martin Straka, Czech ice hockey player

• 1973 – Norihiko Hibino, Japanese composer

• 1973 – Jennifer Paige, American singer/songwriter

• 1973 – Damon Stoudamire, American basketball player

• 1973 – Zita Urbonaitė, Lithuanian road cyclist (d. 2008)

• 1974 – Clare Kramer, American actress

• 1974 – Rahul Sanghvi, Indian cricketer

• 1975 – Cristobal Huet, French hockey player

• 1976 – Ashley Jones, American actress

• 1976 – Jevon Kearse, American football player

• 1976 – Vivek Oberoi, Indian actor

• 1977 – Rui Marques, Angolan footballer

• 1977 – Olof Mellberg, Swedish footballer

• 1977 – Nate Robertson, American baseball player

• 1978 – John Curtis, English footballer

• 1978 – Paul Moor, English ten-pin bowler

• 1978 – Michal Rozsival, Czech ice hockey player

• 1978 – Nick Wechsler, American actor

• 1978 – Valfar, Norwegian heavy metal vocalist/musician (Windir) (d. 2004)

• 1979 – Tomo Miličević, Croatian-born American musician (30 Seconds to Mars)

• 1979 – Tiffany Chapman, English actress

• 1980 – The B.G., American rapper

• 1980 – Daniel Ruben Bilos, Argentinian footballer

• 1980 – Cone McCaslin, Canadian bassist (Sum 41)

• 1980 – Jennie Finch, American softball player

• 1981 – Fearne Cotton, British television presenter

• 1982 – Andrew McMahon, American singer and songwriter

• 1982 – Kaori Natori, Japanese singer and model

• 1983 – Augusto Farfus, Brazilian racing driver

• 1983 – Nicky Hunt, English footballer

• 1983 – Marcus McCauley, American football player

• 1983 – Valdas Vasylius, Lithuanian basketball player

• 1984 – Garrett Hedlund, American actor

• 1985 – Scott Carson, English footballer

• 1985 – Kelvin Wilson, English footballer

• 1986 – Shaun White, American snowboarder

• 1987 – Chris Fountain, English actor

• 1993 – Rina Koike, Japanese junior idol

Deaths

• 1402 – Gian Galeazzo Visconti, Duke of Milan (b. 1351)

• 1420 – Robert Stewart, 1st Duke of Albany, regent of Scotland

• 1592 – Robert Greene, English writer (b. 1558)

• 1634 – Edward Coke, English jurist and Member of Parliament (b. 1552)

• 1653 – Claudius Salmasius, French classical scholar (b. 1588)

• 1658 – Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of England (b. 1599)

• 1662 – William Lenthall, English politician (b. 1591)

• 1720 – Henri de Massue, French soldier and diplomat (b. 1648)

• 1722 – Ivan Skoropadsky, Hetman of Ukraine (b. 1646)

• 1729 – Jean Hardouin, French scholar (b. 1646)

• 1766 – Archibald Bower, Scottish historian (b. 1686)

• 1808 – John Montgomery, American Continental Congressman (b. 1722)

• 1857 – John McLoughlin, Canadian trapper (b. 1784)

• 1860 – Aleksey Khomyakov, Russian poet (b. 1804)

• 1866 – Konstantin Flavitsky, Russian painter (b. 1830)

• 1883 – Ivan Turgenev, Russian author (b. 1818)

• 1886 – William W. Snow, American politician (b. 1812)

• 1893 – James Harrison, Scottish-born inventor (b. 1816)

• 1903 – Joseph Skipsey, British poet (b. 1832)

• 1914 – Albéric Magnard, French composer (b. 1865)

• 1936 – Nikita Balieff, Armenian vaudevillian and impresario

• 1948 – Edvard Beneš, President of Czechoslovakia (b. 1884)

• 1961 – Robert E. Gross, American businessman (b. 1897)

• 1962 – E. E. Cummings, American poet (b. 1894)

• 1963 – Louis MacNeice, Irish poet (b. 1907)

• 1964 – Stewart Holbrook, American author (b. 1893)

• 1967 – James Dunn, American actor (b. 1905)

• 1967 – Francis Ouimet, American golfer and businessman(b.1893)

• 1968 – Isabel Withers, American actress (b. 1896)

• 1969 – John Lester, American cricketer (b. 1871)

• 1970 – Vince Lombardi, American football coach (b. 1913)

• 1970 – "Blind Owl" Wilson, American musician (Canned Heat) (b. 1943)

• 1974 – Harry Partch, American composer (b. 1901)

• 1980 – Dirch Passer, Danish actor (b. 1926)

• 1980 – Duncan Renaldo, American actor (b. 1904)

• 1981 – Alec Waugh, English writer (b. 1898)

• 1983 – Ellie Lambeti, Greek actress (b. 1926)

• 1985 – Johnny Marks, American singer (b. 1909)

• 1986 – Beryl Markham, Kenyan horse trainer, adventurer, aviatrix, and memoirist (b. 1902)

• 1987 – Morton Feldman, American composer (b. 1926)

• 1991 – Frank Capra, American film director (b. 1897)

• 1994 – James T. Aubrey, American television executive (b. 1918)

• 1994 – Billy Wright, English former footballer (b. 1924)

• 1994 – Major Lance, American singer (b. 1939)

• 1996 – Emily Kame Kngwarreye, Australian artist (b. 1910)

• 2000 – Edward Anhalt, American screenwriter (b. 1914)

• 2001 – Pauline Kael, American film critic (b. 1919)

• 2001 – Thuy Trang, Vietnamese-American actress (b. 1973)

• 2002 – W. Clement Stone, American entrepreneur (b. 1902)

• 2003 – Paul Jennings Hill, American anti-abortion murderer (b. 1954)

• 2005 – R. S. R. Fitter, British ornithologist and botanist (b. 1913)

• 2005 – William Rehnquist, Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1924)

• 2007 – Jane Tomlinson, British charity fund raiser (b. 1964)

• 2007 – Steve Ryan, American actor (b. 1947)

• 2007 – Syd Jackson, Māori activist and trade unionist (b. 1939)

• 2007 – Carter Albrecht, Musician (b. 1973)

• 2008 – Donald Blakeslee, American aviator, led 4th Fighter Group during World War II. (b. 1917)

Holidays and observances

• Australia – Flag Day.

• Canadian Merchant Navy Day.

• RC Saints – Pope Gregory I, Saint Marinus, Remaclus.

• Qatar – Independence Day (from Great Britain, 1971).

• San Marino – Foundation (301) by Saint Marinus.

• Republic of China (Taiwan) – Armed Forces Day.

• Tunisia – Memorial Day.