Events

• 66 – Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica.

• 1236 – The Lithuanians and Semigallians defeat the Livonian Brothers of the Sword in the Battle of Saule.

• 1499 – Treaty of Basel: Switzerland becomes an independent state.

• 1586 – Battle of Zutphen: Spanish victory over England and Dutch.

• 1598 – Ben Jonson is indicted for manslaughter.

• 1692 – Last people hanged for witchcraft in the United States.

• 1761 – George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz are crowned King and Queen of the Great Britain.

• 1776 – Nathan Hale is hanged for spying during American Revolution.

• 1784 – Russia establishes a colony at Kodiak, Alaska.

• 1789 – The office of United States Postmaster General is established.

• 1789 – Battle of Rymnik establishes Alexander Suvorov as a pre-eminent Russian military commander after his allied army defeat superior Ottoman Empire forces.

• 1792 – Primidi Vendémiaire of year 1 of the French Republican Calendar.

• 1823 – Joseph Smith, Jr. claims that he is directed by God through the Angel Moroni to the place where the Golden plates were buried.

• 1851 – The city of Des Moines, Iowa is incorporated as Fort Des Moines.

• 1862 – Slavery in the United States: a preliminary version of the Emancipation Proclamation is released.

• 1866 – Battle of Curupaity in the War of the Triple Alliance.

• 1868 – The fall of Aizu in the Japanese civil war.

• 1869 – Richard Wagner's opera Das Rheingold premieres in Munich.

• 1885 – Lord Randolph Churchill makes a speech in Ulster in opposition to Home Rule e.g. "Ulster will fight and Ulster will be right".

• 1888 – The first issue of National Geographic Magazine is published

• 1893 – The first American-made automobile, built by the Duryea Brothers, is displayed.

• 1896 – Queen Victoria surpasses her grandfather King George III as the longest reigning monarch in British history.

• 1908 – The independence of Bulgaria is proclaimed.

• 1910 – The Duke of York's Cinema opens in Brighton. It is still operating today, making it the oldest continually operating cinema in Britain.

• 1919 – The steel strike of 1919, led by the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers, begins in Pennsylvania before spreading across the United States.

• 1927 – Jack Dempsey loses the "Long Count" boxing match to Gene Tunney.

• 1934 – An explosion takes place at Gresford Colliery in Wales, leading to the deaths of 266 miners and rescuers.

• 1937 – Spanish Civil War: Peña Blanca is taken; the end of the Battle of El Mazuco.

• 1939 – Joint victory parade of Wehrmacht and Red Army in Brest-Litovsk at the end of the Invasion of Poland.

• 1941 – World War II: On Jewish New Year Day, the German SS murder 6,000 Jews in Vinnytsya, Ukraine. Those are the survivors of the previous killings that took place a few days earlier in which about 24,000 Jews were executed.

• 1944 – World War II: the Red Army enters Tallinn.

• 1951 – The first live sporting event seen coast-to-coast in the United States, a college football game between Duke and the University of Pittsburgh, is televised on NBC.

• 1955 – In the United Kingdom, the television channel ITV goes live for the first time.

• 1960 – The Sudanese Republic is renamed Mali after the withdrawal of Senegal from the Mali Federation.

• 1965 – The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 (also known as the Second Kashmir War) between India and Pakistan over Kashmir, ends after the UN calls for a cease-fire.

• 1970 – Tunku Abdul Rahman resigns as Prime Minister of Malaysia.

• 1975 – Sara Jane Moore tries to assassinate U.S. President Gerald Ford, but is foiled by Oliver Sipple.

• 1979 – The Vela Incident (also known as the South Atlantic Flash) is observed near Bouvet Island, thought to be a nuclear weapons test.

• 1980 – Iraq invades Iran.

• 1985 – The Plaza Accord is signed in New York City.

• 1991 – The Dead Sea Scrolls are made available to the public for the first time by the Huntington Library.

• 1993 – A barge strikes a railroad bridge near Mobile, Alabama, causing the the deadliest train wreck in Amtrak history. 47 passengers are killed.

• 1993 – A Transair Georgian Airlines Tu-154 is shot down by a missile in Sukhumi, Georgia.

• 1995 – An E-3B AWACS crashes outside Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska after multiple bird strikes to two of the four engines soon after takeoff; all 24 on board are killed.

• 1995 – Nagerkovil school bombing, is carried out by Sri Lankan Air Force in which at least 34 die, most of them ethnic Tamil school children.

• 1997 – Bentalha massacre in Algeria; over 200 villagers are killed.

• 2003 – David Hempleman-Adams becomes the first person to cross the Atlantic Ocean in an open-air, wicker-basket hot air balloon.

• 2006 – The F-14 Tomcat is retired from the United States Navy.

Births

• 1515 – Anne of Cleves, wife of Henry VIII of England (d. 1557)

• 1547 – Philipp Nikodemus Frischlin, German philologist and poet (d. 1590)

• 1593 – Matthäus Merian, Swiss engraver (d. 1650)

• 1601 – Anne of Austria, queen of Louis XIII of France (d. 1666)

• 1606 – Li Zicheng, emperor of China (d. 1645)

• 1680 – Barthold Heinrich Brockes, German poet (d. 1747)

• 1694 – Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield, English statesman (d. 1773)

• 1715 – Jean-Étienne Guettard, French physician and scientist (d. 1786)

• 1717 – Pehr Wilhelm Wargentin, Swedish astronomer (d. 1783)

• 1722 – John Home, Scottish writer (d. 1808)

• 1741 – Peter Simon Pallas, German zoologist (d. 1811)

• 1743 – Quintin Craufurd, British author (d. 1819)

• 1765 – Paolo Ruffini, Italian mathematician (d. 1822)

• 1788 – Theodore Edward Hook, English author (d. 1841)

• 1791 – Michael Faraday, English scientist (d. 1867)

• 1819 – Wilhelm Wattenbach, German historian (d. 1897)

• 1829 – Tự Đức, Emperor of Vietnam (d. 1883)

• 1869 – Adrien-Maurice-Victurnien-Mathieu, 8th duc de Noailles (d. 1953)

• 1875 – Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis, Lithuanian painter and composer (d. 1911)

• 1876 – André Tardieu, Prime Minister of France (d. 1945)

• 1878 – Yoshida Shigeru, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1967)

• 1880 – Dame Christabel Pankhurst, English suffragist (d. 1958)

• 1882 – Wilhelm Keitel, German field marshal (d. 1946)

• 1885 – Gunnar Asplund, Swedish architect (d. 1940)

• 1885 – Ben Chifley, Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1951)

• 1885 – Erich von Stroheim, Austrian-born actor (d. 1957)

• 1889 – Hooks Dauss, American baseball player (d. 1963)

• 1891 – Hans Albers, German actor and singer (d. 1960)

• 1895 – Paul Muni, Polish-born actor (d. 1967)

• 1896 – Henry Segrave, British racing driver (d. 1930)

• 1898 – Katherine Alexander, American actress (d. 1981)

• 1900 – William Spratling, American silversmith (d. 1967)

• 1900 – Paul H. Emmett, American chemical engineer (d. 1985)

• 1901 – Charles B. Huggins, Canadian-born scientist, Nobel laureate (d. 1997)

• 1902 – John Houseman, Romanian-born actor (d. 1988)

• 1903 – Joseph Valachi, American gangster (d. 1971)

• 1904 – Ellen Church, American stewardess (d. 1965)

• 1905 – Eugen Sänger, Austrian aerospace engineer (d. 1964)

• 1905 – Haakon Lie, Norwegian politician (d. 2009)

• 1907 – Philip Fotheringham-Parker, British racing driver (d. 1981)

• 1910 – György Faludy, Hungarian poet (d. 2006)

• 1912 – Martha Scott, American actress (d. 2003)

• 1912 – Herbert Mataré, German physicist and European co-inventor of the transistor

• 1915 – Arthur Lowe, British actor (d. 1982)

• 1918 – Hans Scholl, member of The White Rose (d. 1943)

• 1918 – Henryk Szeryng, Polish-born violinist (d. 1988)

• 1920 – Eric Baker, British human rights activist (d. 1976)

• 1920 – Bob Lemon, American baseball player (d. 2000)

• 1920 – William H. Riker, American political scientist (d. 1993)

• 1920 – Anders Lassen, Danish military officer (d. 1945)

• 1922 – Chen Ning Yang, Chinese-born physicist, Nobel laureate

• 1923 – Dannie Abse, Welsh poet and writer

• 1924 – Charles Keeping, British illustrator (d. 1988)

• 1924 – Rosamunde Pilcher, English novelist

• 1925 – Virginia Capers, American actress (d. 2004)

• 1927 – Gordon Astall, English footballer

• 1927 – Tommy Lasorda, American baseball manager

• 1928 – Eric Broadley, MBE, British automotive engineer (Lola Cars)

• 1928 – James Lawson, American minister and civil rights activist

• 1928 – Eugene Roche, American actor (d. 2004)

• 1929 – Serge Garant, French Canadian conductor (d. 1986)

• 1930 – P. B. Sreenivas, Indian Multi-lingual (Kannada, Tamil and Telugu) Play-back Singer

• 1931 – Fay Weldon, British feminist

• 1931 – George Younger, 4th Viscount Younger of Leckie, British politician (d. 2003)

• 1931 – Manzoor Ahmad, Pakistani philosopher

• 1932 – Ingemar Johansson, Swedish heavyweight professional boxing champion of the world (d. 2009)

• 1933 – T. Cullen Davis, American oil heir and accused murderer

• 1934 – Lute Olson, American basketball coach

• 1934 – Jack McGregor, American lawyer, politician and founder of the Pittsburgh Penguins

• 1936 – Maurice Evans, English footballer and manager (d. 2000)

• 1938 – Gene Mingo, American football player

• 1939 – Gilbert Earl Patterson, American minister (d. 2007)

• 1940 – Anna Karina, Danish born actress

• 1941 – Jeremiah Wright, American pastor

• 1942 – David Stern, American basketball commissioner

• 1943 – Toni Basil, American singer

• 1946 – King Sunny Ade, Nigerian singer

• 1946 – Dan Baker, American public address announcer

• 1946 – Larry Dierker, American baseball player and manager

• 1947 – Robert Morace, American writer

• 1948 – Denis Burke, Australian politician

• 1948 – Jim Byrnes, American actor and musician

• 1949 – Jim Keith, American conspiracy theorist and author (d. 1999)

• 1949 – Jim McGinty, Australian politician

• 1950 – Kirka, Finnish singer (d. 2007)

• 1951 – David Coverdale, English singer

• 1952 – Bob Goodlatte, American politician

• 1952 – Paul Le Mat, American actor

• 1952 – Gary Holton, English actor and musician (d. 1985)

• 1952 – M.R. Sukhumbhand Paribatra, Thai politician, current Governor of Bangkok

• 1953 – Ségolène Royal, French politician

• 1954 – Shari Belafonte, American singer, actor, model

• 1954 – Randy Lanier, American racing driver

• 1955 – Jeffrey Leonard, Major League baseball player

• 1956 – Debby Boone, American singer

• 1956 – Masayuki Suzuki, Japanese singer (Rats & Star)

• 1957 – Nick Cave, Australian musician

• 1957 – Johnette Napolitano, American musician

• 1957 – Giuseppe Saronni, Italian cyclist

• 1958 – Andrea Bocelli, Italian tenor

• 1958 – Joan Jett, American rock-and-roll singer

• 1958 – Neil Cavuto, American television commentator

• 1959 – Tai Babilonia, American figure skater

• 1959 – Pope Michael, American anti-pope

• 1961 – Scott Baio, American actor

• 1961 – Vince Coleman, American baseball player

• 1961 – Dr. Liam Fox, British Conservative politician

• 1961 – Bonnie Hunt, American actress

• 1961 – Catherine Oxenberg, British actress

• 1961 – Michael Torke, American composer

• 1962 – Diogo Mainardi, Brazilian writer

• 1964 – Juha Turunen, Finnish politician turned criminal

• 1965 – Andy Cairns, Irish musician

• 1965 – Tony Drago, Maltese snooker player

• 1965 – Mark Guthrie, American baseball player

• 1966 – Moustafa Amar, Egyptian singer

• 1966 – Stefan Rehn, Swedish footballer

• 1966 – Mike Richter, American ice hockey player

• 1967 – Matt Besser, American comedian

• 1967 – Rickard Rydell, Swedish racing driver

• 1967 – Félix Savón, Cuban boxer

• 1967 – Ecaterina Szabo, Romanian gymnast and Olympic champion

• 1967 – Kim Watkins, Australian television presenter

• 1969 – Matt Sharp, American musician (Weezer, The Rentals)

• 1970 – Mike Matheny, American baseball player

• 1970 – Mystikal, American rapper

• 1970 – Rupert Penry-Jones, English actor

• 1970 – Emmanuel Petit, French footballer

• 1971 – Elizabeth Bear, American author

• 1971 – Chesney Hawkes, English singer

• 1971 – Princess Märtha Louise of Norway

• 1972 – Dana Vespoli, American porn actress

• 1974 – Bob Sapp, American boxer and kickboxer

• 1974 – Yoo Chae-yeong, South Korean singer and actress

• 1975 – Ethan Moreau, Canadian ice hockey player

• 1975 – Svilen Noev, Bulgarian singer-songwriter

• 1976 – David Berkeley, American singer-songwriter

• 1977 – Paul Sculthorpe, English rugby league footballer

• 1978 – Ed Joyce, Irish-English cricketer

• 1978 – Harry Kewell, Australian soccer player

• 1979 – Emilie Autumn, American singer and musician

• 1979 – Swin Cash, American basketball player

• 1979 – Michael Graziadei, American actor

• 1980 – Fernanda Tavares, Brazilian model

• 1981 – Subaru Shibutani, Japanese singer (Kanjani8)

• 1982 – Mandy Chiang, Hong Kong singer and actress

• 1982 – Kosuke Kitajima, Japanese swimmer

• 1982 – Billie Piper, English singer and actress

• 1984 – Theresa Fu, Hong Kong singer and actress

• 1984 – Eduardo Rubio, Chilean footballer

• 1984 – Laura Vandervoort, Canadian actress

• 1985 – Faris Haroun, Belgian footballer

• 1987 – Tom Felton, English actor

• 1988 – Bethany Dillon, American musician

Deaths

• 1072 – Ouyang Xiu, Chinese historian and scholar-official (b. 1007)

• 1253 – Dogen, Japanese Zen Buddhist (b. 1200)

• 1345 – Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Lancaster (b. 1281)

• 1399 – Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk, English politician (b. 1366)

• 1520 – Selim I, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1465)

• 1539 – Guru Nanak Dev, founder of Sikhism (b. 1469)

• 1554 – Francisco Vasquez de Coronado, Spanish explorer (b. 1510)

• 1566 – Johannes Agricola, German Protestant reformer (b. 1494)

• 1607 – Alessandro Allori, Italian painter (b. 1535)

• 1658 – Georg Philipp Harsdorffer, German poet (b. 1607)

• 1662 – John Biddle, English theologian (b. 1615)

• 1692 – Martha Corey, hanged as a result of the Salem witch trials

• 1703 – Vincenzo Viviani, Italian mathematician and scientist (b. 1622)

• 1774 – Pope Clement XIV (b. 1705)

• 1776 – Nathan Hale, American Revolutionary War captain, hanged by the British as a spy (b. 1755)

• 1777 – John Bartram, American botanist (b. 1699)

• 1828 – Shaka, Accredited as being the most influential leader of the Zulu Empire (b. 1787)

• 1852 – William Tierney Clark, English civil engineer (b. 1783)

• 1868 – Byakkotai, A group of 19 young Japanese with the samurai corps of Aizu-Han who committed suicide.

• 1872 – Vladimir Dal, Russian lexicographer (b. 1801)

• 1873 – Friedrich Frey-Herosé, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1801)

• 1881 – Solomon L. Spink, U.S. Congressman from Illinois (b. 1831)

• 1914 – Alain-Fournier, French writer (b. 1886)

• 1952 – Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg, first President of Finland (b. 1865)

• 1956 – Frederick Soddy, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1877)

• 1957 – Toyoda Soemu, Japanese admiral (b. 1885)

• 1961 – Marion Davies, American actress (b. 1897)

• 1969 – Adolfo López Mateos, president of Mexico (b. 1909)

• 1981 – Harry Warren, American composer and lyricist (b. 1893)

• 1987 – Dan Rowan, American actor and comedian (b. 1922)

• 1988 – Rais Amrohvi, Pakistani poet and psychoanalyst (b. 1914)

• 1989 – Irving Berlin, American songwriter (b. 1888)

• 1992 – Aurelio López, Mexican baseball player (b. 1948)

• 1993 – Maurice Abravanel, Greek-born conductor (b. 1903)

• 1996 – Ludmilla Chiriaeff, Canadian ballet dancer and director (b. 1924)

• 1996 – Dorothy Lamour, American actress (b. 1914)

• 1999 – George C. Scott, American actor (b. 1927)

• 2000 – Rodney Anoa'i (Yokozuna), American professional wrestler (b. 1966)

• 2000 – Saburo Sakai, Japanese aviator, (b. 1916)

• 2001 – Isaac Stern, Ukrainian violinist (b. 1920)

• 2002 – Jan de Hartog, Dutch-born writer (b. 1914)

• 2003 – Gordon Jump, American television actor (b. 1932)

• 2003 – Hugo Young, British journalist (b. 1938)

• 2004 – Pete Schoening, American mountaineer (b. 1927)

• 2004 – Ray Traylor (The Big Boss Man), American professional wrestler (b. 1962)

• 2006 – Edward Albert, American actor (b. 1951)

• 2006 – Carla Benschop, Dutch basketball player (b. 1950)

• 2007 – Bodinho, Brazilian footballer (b. 1928)

• 2007 – Marcel Marceau, French mime artist (b. 1923)

• 2008 – Thomas Doerflein, German Zookeeper (b. 1963)

Holidays and observances

• OneWebDay

• Bulgaria – Independence Day (from The Ottoman Empire) 1908.

• Mali – Independence Day (from France, 1960).

• United States – American Business Women's Day

• In ancient Greece, the ninth and final day of the Eleusinian Mysteries, when the initiates made offerings to the dead.

• Some Latter Day Saints recognise it as "Trumpet Day," or the day that Joseph Smith received the golden plates, which later became The Book of Mormon, from the angel Moroni.

• RC Saints – It has been or still is the feast day of the following saints:

• *Saint Candidus

• * Saints Saint Digna & Saint Emerita

• *Saint Emmeramus

• *Saint Maurice

• *Saint Phocas

• * Saint Salaberga

• *Theban Legion

• *Saint Thomas of Villanueva

• French Republican Calendar – Raisin (Grape) Day, first day in the Month of Vendémiaire.