:
For the School in Gwalior, India, see Scindia School. For the Italian city, see Sindia, Italy.Scindia, anglicized from
Shinde, and also spelled as
Sindhia,
Sindia, is a Maratha family in
India which included rulers of the
Gwalior State in the 18th and 19th centuries, collaborators of the colonial British government during the 19th and the 20th centuries until India became independent, and politicians in independent India.
The Shinde dynasty was founded by
Ranoji Shinde, who was the son of Jankojirao Shinde, the Patil of Kanherkhed, a village in
Satara District,
Maharashtra. The closing years of
Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath's career saw the strengthening of the Maratha confederacy. Ranoji was in charge of the Maratha conquests in
Malwa in 1726.
Ranoji established his capital at
Ujjain in 1731. His successors included Jayajirao, Jyotibarao, Dattajirao, Jankojirao,
Mahadji and
Daulatrao Shinde.
The
Sindhia state of Gwalior became a major regional power in the latter half of the 18th century and figured prominently in the three
Anglo-Maratha Wars. They held sway over many of the
Rajput states, and conquered the state of
Ajmer.
After the defeat of the allied Maratha states by the British in the
Third Anglo-Maratha War of 1818, Daulatrao Scindia was forced to accept local autonomy as a
princely state within
British India and to give up Ajmer to the British. After the death of Daulatrao, Maharani Baiza Bai ruled the empire, saving it from the British power, till the adopted child Jankoji Rao took over the charge. Jankoji died in 1843, and his widow Tarabai Raje Shinde successfully maintained the position and adopted a child from close lineage named Jayajirao.
The Scindia family ruled Gwalior until India's independence from the
United Kingdom in 1947, when the
Maharaja Jivajirao Scindia acceded to the Government of India. Gwalior was merged with a number of other princely states to become the new Indian
state of
Madhya Bharat. George Jivajirao served as the state's
rajpramukh, or appointed governor, from
28 May 1948 to
31 October 1956, when Madhya Bharat was merged into
Madhya Pradesh.
In 1962,
Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia, the widow of Maharaja Jiwajirao, was elected to the
Lok Sabha, beginning the family's career in electoral politics. She was first a member of the
Congress Party, and later became an influential member of the
Bharatiya Janata Party. Her son
Madhavrao Scindia was elected to the Lok Sabha in 1971 representing the Congress Party, and served until his death in 2001. His son,
Jyotiraditya Scindia, also in the Congress Party, was elected to the seat formerly held by his father in 2004.
Vijayaraje's daughters have supported the
Bharatiya Janata Party.
Vasundhara Raje Scindia contested and won five
parliamentary elections from Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. Under the Vajpayee government from 1998 onwards, Vasundhara was in charge of several different ministries. In 2003 she led the Bharatiya Janata Party to its largest majority in
Rajasthan, and became the state's Chief Minister. Her other daughter,
Yashodhara Raje Scindia, contested assembly elections from
Shivpuri in Madhya Pradesh and won in 1998 and 2003. Upon the BJP's win in the state, she became the state's Minister for Tourism, Sports and Youth Affairs. Vasundhara's son
Dushyant Singh entered the Lok Sabha in 2004 from Rajasthan.
Origins
They are traditionally considered to be descendants of King Shinda (Sind) and Old Maratha stem.
Shinde has a historic background, as Shinde's bravery was well known only in Peshwa period but the ancestors of Shinde were Shiledars Under Bahamani Sultanets of Deccan like several Maratha royals from 96 clans.
Gwalior Flags : http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/in-gwali.html
Info of Clan
Shinde / Scindia / Sindhia / Sindia / Sendrak- Lineage: Sheshavansha (serpent clan), descended from the Sheshavanshi king Shinda
- Clan Goddess: Kalika Devi and Mahagauri. *Clan god :- Jyotiba. Ramvardayani Devi Chiplun Maharashtra.
- Devak (Clan object): morvelMrugvell or Aagada ( A kind of Plants find in Maharashtra ), Kalamb, Rui and Morvell.
- Surnames: Aapteekar, Bhuse, Desai, Kulhar, Kolhe, Kurvasinde, Jatayoo, Jadbuddhe, Jade, Jayshinde, Dable, Dorge, Durdayshinde, Nekulshinde, Neknamdar, Nebhale, Pratapshinde, Bhagalkar, Bhure, Bhore, Bhed, Mung, Ghate, Muke, Mungekar, Mugool, Vijayshinde, Valekar, Shishupalshinde, Saktpalshinde, Sitajashinde, Bhairavshinde, Mahakalshinde, Mulshinde, Mude, Paigude. (Total 33)
- Shrimant Ranojirao Shinde, Chief of Kanherkhed and Gwalior State founder, prominent Maratha of King Shahu's army.
- Shrimant Dattajirao Shinde, Maratha Supremo's of Middle Indian Maratha Expansion.
- Shrimant Jayyaparao Shinde, Maratha Sardar and Brave Warrior among Maratha cavalry.
- Shrimant Dattajirao Shinde, Brave Warrior who resisted Abdali along with his allies from 96 clans of Bhoite.
- Shrimant Jankojirao Shinde, Maratha General of Maratha troop combating against Rajputana, Malwa, Marwar Ruling Governments.
- Shrimant Mahadajirao Shinde, Famous Ruler of Gwalior and Major Pillar of Maratha Community after a bad defeat at Panipat War. After surviving the war, he played politics and retains Maratha Dignity at North India.
Titles
In the course of their military service, the Scindia were bestowed numerous titles by the
Mughal Empire, which grew more elaborate with the passage of time:
to 1745: Shrimant Sardar (name) Scindia Bahadur (
Brave Chief of the Scindia)
1745-1787: Meherban Shrimant Sardar (name) Scindia Bahadur (
High and Brave Chief of the Scindia)
1787-1790: His Highness Maharajadhiraj Maharaja Sahib Subadar Shrimant (name) Scindia Bahadur Maharaja Scindia of Gwalior (
His Highness the Great King over Kings, High and Brave Lord of the Scindia, Scindia King of Gwalior)
1790-1794: His Highness Ali Jah, Umdat ul-Umara, Farzand-i-Arjumand, Maharajadhiraj Maharaja Sahib Subadar Shrimant (name) Scindia Bahadur, Shrinath, Mansur-i-Zaman, Naib ul-Istiqlal-i-Maharajadhiraj Sawai Madhav Rao Narayan, Maharaja Scindia of Gwalior (
His Highness the Exalted Dignity, Pillar of the Nobility, Worthy Son, Great King over Kings and Lord Chieftain of the Brave Scindia, Lord of Fortune, Victorious of the Age, Permanent Deputy of the Peshwar, Scindia King of Gwalior)
1794-1827: His Highness Ali Jah, Naib Vakil-i-Mutlaq, Amir ul-Umara, Mukhtar ul-Mulk, Maharajadhiraj Maharaja Shrimant (name) Scindia Bahadur, Maharaja Scindia of Gwalior (
His Highness the Exalted Dignity, Deputy Agent, Amir of Amirs, Agent of the Kingdom, Great King over Kings of the Brave Scindia, Scindia King of Gwalior)
1827-1845: His Highness Ali Jah, Umdat ul-Umara, Hisam us-Sultanat, Mukhtar ul-Mulk, Maharajadhiraj Maharaja Shrimant (name) Scindia Bahadur, Shrinath, Mansur-i-Zaman, Maharaja Scindia of Gwalior (
His Highness the Exalted Dignity, Pillar of the Nobility, Sword of the Kingdom, Agent of the Kingdom, Great King over Kings of the Brave Scindia, Lord of Fortune, Victorious of the Age, Scindia King of Gwalior)
1845-1861: His Highness Ali Jah, Umdat ul-Umara, Hisam us-Sultanat, Mukhtar ul-Mulk, Azim ul-Iqtidar, Rafi-us-Shan, Wala Shikoh, Muhtasham-i-Dauran, Maharajadhiraj Maharaja Shrimant (name) Scindia Bahadur, Shrinath, Mansur-i-Zaman (
His Highness the Exalted Dignity, Pillar of the Nobility, Sword of the Kingdom, Agent of the Kingdom, Chief of the Highest Authority, High in Prestige, Exalted in Dignity, Great Prince over Princes of the Brave Scindia, Lord of Fortune, Victorious of the Age)
1861-1901: His Highness Ali Jah, Umdat ul-Umara, Hisam us-Sultanat, Mukhtar ul-Mulk, Azim ul-Iqtidar, Rafi-us-Shan, Wala Shikoh, Muhtasham-i-Dauran, Maharajadhiraj Maharaja Shrimant (name) Scindia Bahadur, Shrinath, Mansur-i-Zaman, Fidvi-i-Hazrat-i-Malika-i-Mua'zzama-i-Rafi-ud-Darja-i-Inglistan (
His Highness the Exalted Dignity, Pillar of the Nobility, Sword of the Kingdom, Agent of the Kingdom, Chief of the Highest Authority, High in Prestige, Exalted in Dignity, Great Prince over Princes of the Brave Scindia, Lord of Fortune, Victorious of the Age, Vassal of Her Majesty the Honoured and Exalted Queen of England)
1901-1952: His Highness Ali Jah, Umdat ul-Umara, Hisam us-Sultanat, Mukhtar ul-Mulk, Azim ul-Iqtidar, Rafi-us-Shan, Wala Shikoh, Muhtasham-i-Dauran, Maharajadhiraj Maharaja Shrimant (name) Scindia Bahadur, Shrinath, Mansur-i-Zaman, Fidvi-i-Hazrat-i-Malik-i-Mua'zzam-i-Rafi-ud-Darjat-i-Inglistan (
His Highness the Exalted Dignity, Pillar of the Nobility, Sword of the Kingdom, Agent of the Kingdom, Chief of the Highest Authority, High in Prestige, Exalted in Dignity, Great Prince over Princes of the Brave Scindia, Lord of Fortune, Victorious of the Age, Vassal of His Majesty the Honoured and Exalted King of England)
1952-1969: His Highness Ali Jah, Umdat ul-Umara, Hisam us-Sultanat, Mukhtar ul-Mulk, Azim ul-Iqtidar, Rafi-us-Shan, Wala Shikoh, Muhtasham-i-Dauran, Maharajadhiraj Maharaja Shrimant (name) Scindia Bahadur, Shrinath, Mansur-i-Zaman, Fidvi-i-Hazrat-i-Malika-i-Mua'zzama-i-Rafi-ud-Darja-i-Inglistan (
His Highness the Exalted Dignity, Pillar of the Nobility, Sword of the Kingdom, Agent of the Kingdom, Chief of the Highest Authority, High in Prestige, Exalted in Dignity, Great Prince over Princes of the Brave Scindia, Lord of Fortune, Victorious of the Age, Vassal of Her Majesty the Honoured and Exalted Queen of England)
Scindia Maharajas of Ujjain and Gwalior
- Meharban Srimant Dattaji Rao Shinde Maharaj Sahab, Regent (1755 – 10 January 1760). Died 1760.
- (15 January 1761 – 25 November 1763) vacant
- Maharaja (later Rajpramukh) George Jivajirao Scindia (Maharaja 5 June 1925 – 15 August 1947, Rajpramukh 28 May 1948 – 31 October 1956). Born 1916, died 1961.
