Pull My Daisy (
1959) is a
short film that typifies the
Beat Generation. Directed by
Robert Frank and
Alfred Leslie,
Daisy was adapted by
Jack Kerouac from the third act of his play,
Beat Generation; Kerouac also provided improvised
narration. It starred poets
Allen Ginsberg,
Peter Orlovsky and
Gregory Corso, artists
Larry Rivers and
Alice Neel, musician
David Amram, actors
Richard Bellamy and
Delphine Seyrig, dancer
Sally Gross, and Pablo Frank, Robert Frank's then-young son.
Based on an incident in the life of Beat icon
Neal Cassady and his wife, the painter
Carolyn, the film tells the story of a railway
brakeman whose wife invites a respectable
bishop over for dinner. However, the brakeman's
bohemian friends crash the party, with comic results.
Originally intended to be called
The Beat Generation the title
Pull My Daisy was taken from the
poem of the same name written by Kerouac, Ginsberg and Cassady in the late 1940s. Part of the original poem was used as a lyric in
David Amram's jazz composition that opens the film.
The Beat philosophy emphasized spontaneity, and the film conveyed the quality of having been thrown together or even
improvised.
Pull My Daisy was accordingly praised for years as an improvisational masterpiece, until Leslie revealed in a November 28, 1968 article in
The Village Voice that the film was actually carefully planned, rehearsed, and directed by him and Frank, who shot the film on a professionally lit
studio set.
Leslie and Frank discuss the film at length in
Jack Sargeant's book
Naked Lens: Beat Cinema. An illustrated transcript of the film's narration was also published in 1961 by Grove Press.
Pull My Daisy was selected for preservation in the United States
National Film Registry by the
Library of Congress in 1996, as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".