Events

• 694 – Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims, sentencing all Jews to slavery.

• 1282 – Pope Martin IV excommunicates King Peter III of Aragon.

• 1313 – Louis the Bavarian defeats his cousin Frederick I of Austria at the Battle of Gamelsdorf.

• 1330 – Battle of Posada, Wallachian Voievode Basarab I defeats the Hungarian army in an ambush

• 1456 –Ulrich II of Celje (Slovene: Ulrik Celjski, German Ulrich von Cilli, Hungarian: Cillei Ulrik), last prince of Celje principality, was assasinated in Belgrade.

• 1492 – Peace of Etaples between Henry VII and Charles VIII.

• 1494 – The Family de' Medici become rulers of Florence.

• 1520 – More than 50 people are sentenced and executed in the Stockholm Bloodbath

• 1620 – Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower sight land at Cape Cod, Massachusetts.

• 1688 – The Glorious Revolution: William of Orange captures Exeter.

• 1697 – Pope Innocent XII founds the city of Cervia.

• 1720 – The synagogue of Yehudah he-Hasid is burned down by Arab creditors, leading to the expulsion of the Ashkenazim from Jerusalem.

• 1729 – Spain, France and Great Britain sign the Treaty of Seville.

• 1764 – Mary Campbell, a captive of the Lenape during the French and Indian War, is turned over to forces commanded by Colonel Henry Bouquet.

• 1791 – Foundation of the Dublin Society of United Irishmen.

• 1793 – William Carey reaches the Hooghly River.

• 1799 – Napoleon Bonaparte leads the Coup d'état of 18 Brumaire ending the Directory government, and becoming one of its three Consuls (Consulate Government).

• 1848 – Robert Blum, a German revolutionary, is executed in Vienna.

• 1851 – Kentucky marshals abduct abolitionist minister Calvin Fairbank from Jeffersonville, Indiana, and take him to Kentucky to stand trial for helping a slave escape.

• 1857 – The Atlantic founded in Boston.

• 1861 – The first documented football match in Canada is played at University College, University of Toronto.

• 1862 – American Civil War: Union General Ambrose Burnside assumes command of the Army of the Potomac, after George B. McClellan is removed.

• 1867 – Tokugawa Shogunate hands power back to the Emperor of Japan, starting the Meiji Restoration.

• 1872 – The Great Boston Fire of 1872.

• 1887 – The United States receives rights to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

• 1888 – Jack the Ripper kills Mary Jane Kelly, his last known victim.

• 1906 – Theodore Roosevelt is the first sitting President of the United States to make an official trip outside the country. He did so to inspect progress on the Panama Canal.

• 1907 – The Cullinan Diamond is presented to King Edward VII on his birthday.

• 1913 – The Great Lakes Storm of 1913, the most destructive natural disaster ever to hit the lakes, destroys 19 ships and kills more than 250 people.

• 1914 – SMS Emden sunk by HMAS Sydney in the Battle of Cocos.

• 1917 – Joseph Stalin enters the provisional government of Bolshevik Russia.

• 1918 – Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany abdicates after the German Revolution, and Germany is proclaimed a Republic.

• 1921 – Albert Einstein is awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his work with the photoelectric effect.

• 1923 – In Munich, Germany, police and government troops crush the Beer Hall Putsch in Bavaria. The failed coup is the work of the Nazis.

• 1932 – Riots between conservative and socialist supporters in Switzerland kill 12 and injure 60.

• 1935 – The Congress of Industrial Organizations is founded in Atlantic City, New Jersey by eight trade unions belonging to the American Federation of Labor.

• 1937 – Japanese troops take control of Shanghai, China.

• 1938 – Nazi German diplomat Ernst vom Rath dies from the fatal gunshot wounds of Jewish resistance fighter Herschel Grynszpan, an act which the Nazis used as an excuse to instigate the 1938 national pogrom, also known as Kristallnacht.

• 1940 – Warsaw is awarded the Virtuti Militari.

• 1945 – Soo Bahk Do Moo Duk Kwan is founded.

• 1947 – Junagadh is annexed as to Indian military intervention.

• 1953 – Cambodia becomes independent from France.

• 1960 – Robert McNamara is named president of Ford Motor Co., the first non-Ford to serve in that post. A month later, he quit to join the newly-elected John F. Kennedy administration.

• 1963 – At Miike coal mine, Miike, Japan, an explosion kills 458, and hospitalises 839 with carbon monoxide poisoning. Also, in Japan, a three-train disaster occurs in Yokohama, kills more than 160 people.

• 1965 – Several U.S. states and parts of Canada are hit by a series of blackouts lasting up to 13 hours in the Northeast Blackout of 1965.

• 1965 – Catholic Worker member Roger Allen LaPorte, protesting against the Vietnam War, sets himself on fire in front of the United Nations building.

• 1967 – Apollo program: NASA launches the unmanned Apollo 4 test spacecraft atop the first Saturn V rocket from Cape Kennedy, Florida.

• 1967 – First issue of Rolling Stone Magazine is published.

• 1970 – Vietnam War: The Supreme Court of the United States votes 6 to 3 against hearing a case to allow Massachusetts to enforce its law granting residents the right to refuse military service in an undeclared war.

• 1979 – Nuclear false alarm: the NORAD computers and the Alternate National Military Command Center in Fort Ritchie, Maryland detected purported massive Soviet nuclear strike. After reviewing the raw data from satellites and checking the early warning radars, the alert is cancelled.

• 1985 – Garry Kasparov 22, of the Soviet Union becomes the youngest World Chess Champion by beating Anatoly Karpov, also of the Soviet Union.

• 1989 – Cold War: Fall of the Berlin Wall. Communist-controlled East Germany opens checkpoints in the Berlin Wall allowing its citizens to travel to West Germany. People start demolishing the Berlin Wall.

• 1990 – New democratic constitution is issued in Nepal.

• 1990 – Mary Robinson is elected Ireland's first female President and the first from the Labour Party.

• 1993 – Stari most, the "old bridge" in Bosnian Mostar built in 1566, collapses after several days of bombing.

• 1994 – The chemical element Darmstadtium is discovered.

• 1998 – Brokerage houses are ordered to pay 1.03 billion USD to cheated NASDAQ investors to compensate for their price-fixing. This is the largest civil settlement in United States history.

• 1998 – Capital punishment in the United Kingdom, already abolished for murder, is completely abolished for all remaining capital offences.

• 2005 – The Venus Express mission of the European Space Agency is launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.

• 2005 – Suicide bombers attacked three hotels in Amman, Jordan, killing at least 60 people.

Births

• 1389 – Isabella of Valois, queen consort of England (d. 1409)

• 1414 – Albert III, Margrave of Brandenburg (d. 1486)

• 1522 – Martin Chemnitz, German theologian (d. 1586)

• 1606 – Hermann Conring, German intellectual (d. 1681)

• 1664 – Henry Wharton, English writer (d. 1695)

• 1721 – Mark Akenside, English poet and physician (d. 1770)

• 1731 – Benjamin Banneker, African-American astrononomer (d. 1806)

• 1732 – Julie de Lespinasse, French aristocrat, hostess and writer (d. 1776)

• 1799 – Gustavus, Crown Prince of Sweden (d. 1877)

• 1802 – Elijah P. Lovejoy, American abolitionist (d. 1837)

• 1810 – Bernhard von Langenbeck, German surgeon (d. 1887)

• 1811 – Alexandru Hâjdeu, Russian writer of Romanian origins (d. 1872)

• 1818 – Ivan Turgenev, Russian writer (d. 1883)

• 1825 – A. P. Hill, American Confederate general (d. 1865)

• 1832 – Émile Gaboriau, French writer (d. 1873)

• 1840 – Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau, French Canadian lawyer (d. 1898)

• 1841 – King Edward VII of the United Kingdom (d. 1910)

• 1850 – Louis Lewin, German pharmachologist (d. 1929)

• 1853 – Stanford White, American architect (d. 1906)

• 1862 – Gigo Gabashvili, Georgian painter (d. 1936)

• 1869 – Marie Dressler, Canadian actress (d. 1934)

• 1872 – Bohdan Lepky, Ukrainian writer and poet (d. 1941)

• 1873 – Otfrid Foerster, German neurologist (d. 1941)

• 1874 – Albert Francis Blakeslee, American botanist (d. 1954)

• 1877 – Enrico De Nicola, 1st President of the Italian Republic (d. 1959)

• 1877 – Allama Iqbal, British Indian poet and politician (d. 1938)

• 1878 – An Chang-ho, Korean independence activist (d. 1938)

• 1879 – Milan Šufflay, Croatian politician (d. 1931)

• 1879 – Jenő Bory, Hungarian architect (d. 1959)

• 1880 – Sir Giles Gilbert Scott, English architect and designer (d. 1960)

• 1883 – Edna May Oliver, American actress (d. 1942)

• 1885 – Velimir Khlebnikov, Russian writer (d. 1922)

• 1885 – Hermann Weyl, German mathematician (d. 1955)

• 1885 – Theodor Kaluza, German scientist (d. 1954)

• 1885 – Aureliano Pertile, Italian tenor (d. 1952)

• 1886 – S. O. Davies, Welsh politician (d. 1972)

• 1886 – Ed Wynn, American actor (d. 1966)

• 1889 – Jean Monnet, French internationalist (d. 1979)

• 1890 – George Regas, Greek actor (d. 1940)

• 1895 – Mae Marsh, American actress (d. 1968)

• 1897 – Harvey Hendrick, American baseball player (d. 1941)

• 1897 – Ronald George Wreyford Norrish, British chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1978)

• 1902 – Anthony Asquith, British film director (d. 1968)

• 1904 – Viktor Brack, Nazi physician (d. 1948)

• 1905 – Erika Mann, German writer (d. 1969)

• 1906 – Arthur Rudolph, German rocket engineer (d. 1996)

• 1911 – Tabish Dehlvi, Pakistani poet (d. 2004)

• 1914 – Hedy Lamarr, Austrian actress and inventor (d. 2000)

• 1915 – André François, French cartoonist (d. 2005)

• 1915 – Sargent Shriver, American politician

• 1918 – Choi Hong Hi, Co-Founder of Taekwon-Do (d. 2002)

• 1918 – Spiro Agnew, 39th Vice President of the United States (d. 1996)

• 1918 – Thomas Ferebee, Enola Gay bombardier over Hiroshima (d. 2000)

• 1920 – Byron De La Beckwith, American assassin, white supremacist (d. 2001)

• 1921 – Viktor Chukarin, Soviet gymnast (d. 1984)

• 1921 – Pierrette Alarie, Canadian soprano

• 1922 – Raymond Devos, French humorist (d. 2006)

• 1922 – Imre Lakatos, Hungarian philosopher (d. 1974)

• 1923 – Alice Coachman, American athlete

• 1923 – Dorothy Dandridge, American actress (d. 1965)

• 1924 – Robert Frank, Swiss Photographer

• 1925 – Sir Alistair Horne, British historian

• 1926 – Dominguín, Spanish bullfighter (d. 1996)

• 1928 – Anne Sexton, American poet (d. 1974)

• 1929 – Marc Favreau, French Canadian humourist (d. 2005)

• 1929 – Imre Kertész, Hungarian writer, Nobel laureate

• 1931 – Whitey Herzog, American baseball player

• 1934 – Ingvar Carlsson, Swedish politician

• 1934 – Ronald Harwood, South African author and playwright

• 1934 – Carl Sagan, American astronomer and writer (d. 1996)

• 1935 – Bob Gibson, American baseball player

• 1936 – Daniel Robert Graham, American politician

• 1936 – Mikhail Tal, Latvian chess player (d. 1992)

• 1936 – Teddy Infuhr, American former child actor (d. 2007)

• 1936 – Mary Travers, American Singer and Songwriter (d. 2009)

• 1937 – Roger McGough, English poet

• 1937 – Clyde Wells, Canadian politician

• 1938 – Ti-Grace Atkinson, American feminist author

• 1938 – Richard Rust, American actor (d. 1994)

• 1939 – Paul Cameron, American psychologist

• 1941 – Tom Fogerty, American musician (Creedence Clearwater Revival) (d. 1990)

• 1942 – Tom Weiskopf, American golfer

• 1944 – Phil May, English singer (The Pretty Things)

• 1947 – Robert David Hall, American actor

• 1948 – Michel Pagliaro, Quebec singer

• 1948 – Bille August, Danish film and television director

• 1948 – Henrik S. Järrel, Swedish politician

• 1948 – Luiz Felipe Scolari, Brazilian football manager

• 1951 – Lou Ferrigno, American bodybuilder and star of The Incredible Hulk

• 1951 – Bill Mantlo, American comic book writer

• 1952 – Sherrod Brown, American politician, junior senator of Ohio

• 1953 – Gaétan Hart, Canadian boxer

• 1954 – Dennis Stratton, British musician, (Iron Maiden, Praying Mantis)

• 1954 – Sue Upton, English actress and dancer

• 1955 – Bob Nault, French Canadian politician

• 1955 – Karen Dotrice, British actress

• 1955 – Fernando Meirelles, Brazilian film director

• 1959 – Thomas Quasthoff, German singer

• 1959 – Tony Slattery, British actor

• 1959 – Nick Hamilton, American wrestling referee

• 1959 – Sito Pons, Spanish motorbike racer

• 1960 – Joëlle Ursull, Guadeloupean singer

• 1960 – Andreas Brehme, German footballer

• 1961 – Jill Dando, British television presenter (d. 1999)

• 1963 – Fulvio Fantoni, Italian bridge player

• 1964 – Robert Duncan McNeill, American actor

• 1964 – Sandra "Pepa" Denton, American musician (Salt-N-Pepa)

• 1965 – Teryl Rothery, Canadian actress

• 1965 – Bryn Terfel, Welsh baritone

• 1967 – Ricky Otto, English footballer

• 1968 – Nazzareno Carusi, Italian pianist

• 1969 – Allison Wolfe, American musician (Bratmobile, Cold Cold Hearts, Partyline)

• 1970 – Domino, American music producer

• 1970 – Guido Görtzen, Dutch volleyball player

• 1970 – Chris Jericho, Canadian wrestler and musician (Fozzy)

• 1970 – Scarface, American rapper

• 1970 – Susan Tedeschi, American musician

• 1971 – David Duval, American golfer

• 1971 – Melinda Kinnaman, Swedish actress

• 1971 – Big Punisher, American rapper (d. 2000)

• 1972 – Eric Dane, American actor

• 1972 – Corin Tucker, American musician (Sleater-Kinney)

• 1973 – Alyson Court, Canadian actress

• 1973 – Nick Lachey, American singer

• 1973 – Gabrielle Miller, Canadian actress

• 1973 – Zisis Vryzas, Greek footballer

• 1974 – Alessandro Del Piero, Italian footballer

• 1974 – Joe C., American rapper (d. 2000)

• 1974 – Giovanna Mezzogiorno, Italian Actress

• 1977 – Chris Morgan, English footballer

• 1978 – Steven Lopez, American taekwondo martial artist

• 1978 – Sisqó, American singer (Dru Hill)

• 1979 – Adam Dunn, American baseball player

• 1979 – Martin Taylor, English footballer

• 1980 – James Harper, English footballer

• 1980 – Dominique Maltais, Quebec snowboarder

• 1980 – Vanessa Minnillo, Filipino television personality

• 1981 – Lyn, K-pop singer

• 1981 – Scottie Thompson, American actress

• 1983 – Jennifer Ayache, French singer (Superbus)

• 1983 – Lawrence David Peters, American

• 1984 – Delta Goodrem, Australian singer

• 1984 – Se7en, South Korean singer

• 1984 – Joel Zumaya, American baseball player

• 1985 – Bakary Soumare, Malian footballer

• 1985 – Koo Hye Sun, South Korean actress

• 1988 – Nikki Blonsky, American actress

• 2000 – ASIMO

Deaths

• 959 – Constantine VII, Byzantine Emperor (b. 905)

• 1187 – Emperor Gaozong of China (b. 1107)

• 1208 – Sancha of Castile, wife of Alfonso II of Aragon (b. 1155)

• 1456 – Ulrich II of Celje, last prince of Celje principality (b. 1406)

• 1516 – King Ferdinand II of Aragon (b. 1452)

• 1623 – William Camden, English historian (b. 1551)

• 1641 – Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria, Spanish Governor of the Netherlands and Bishop of Toledo

• 1699 – Hortense Mancini, Italian mistress of Charles II (b. 1646)

• 1766 – Unico Wilhelm van Wassenaer, Dutch composer (b. 1692)

• 1770 – John Campbell, 4th Duke of Argyll, Scottish politician (b. 1693)

• 1778 – Giovanni Battista Piranesi, Italian artist (b. 1720)

• 1809 – Paul Sandby, English cartographer (b. 1725)

• 1848 – Robert Blum, German politician (b. 1810)

• 1881 – Edwin Drake, American oil driller (b. 1819)

• 1888 – Mary Jane Kelly, British victim of Jack the Ripper (b. 1863)

• 1911 – Howard Pyle, American author (b. 1853)

• 1918 – Guillaume Apollinaire, French poet (b. 1880)

• 1919 – Eduard Müller, member of the Swiss Federal Council (b. 1848)

• 1920 – Saint Nectarios, Eastern Orthodox Metropolitan of Pentapolis (b. 1846)

• 1924 – Henry Cabot Lodge, American Senator (b. 1850)

• 1937 – Ramsay MacDonald, Scottish Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1866)

• 1938 – Vasily Blyukher, Soviet military commander (b. 1889)

• 1940 – Stephen Peter Alencastre, Portuguese Catholic prelate (b. 1876)

• 1940 – Neville Chamberlain, English Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1869)

• 1942 – Edna May Oliver, American actress (b. 1883)

• 1944 – Frank Marshall, American chess player (b. 1877)

• 1951 – Sigmund Romberg, Hungarian-born composer (b. 1887)

• 1952 – Chaim Weizmann, Israeli politician and 1st President of Israel (b. 1874)

• 1952 – Philip Murray, American labor leader and 1st president of the United Steelworkers and longest-serving president of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (b. 1886)

• 1953 – Dylan Thomas, Welsh poet and author (b. 1914)

• 1953 – King Abdul Aziz Al-Saud the first monarch of Saudi Arabia (b. 1880)

• 1957 – Peter O'Connor, Irish athlete (b. 1872)

• 1968 – Jan Johansson, Swedish jazz pianist (b. 1931)

• 1970 – Charles de Gaulle, French military commander, politician, President of France (b. 1890)

• 1971 – Maude Fealy, American actor (b. 1881)

• 1977 – Fred Haney, American baseball player (b. 1898)

• 1979 – Frank O'Connor, American actor and representationalist painter (b. 1897)

• 1980 – Victor Sen Yung, American actor (b. 1915)

• 1988 – David Bauer, Canadian ice hockey player and priest (b. 1924)

• 1988 – John N. Mitchell, United States Attorney General (b. 1913)

• 1991 – Yves Montand, French actor (b. 1921)

• 1996 – Joe Ghiz, Canadian politician (b. 1945)

• 1997 – Helenio Herrera, French football player and coach (b. 1910)

• 1998 – Ursula Reit, German actress (b. 1914)

• 2000 – Hugh Paddick, British actor (b. 1915)

• 2001 – Niels Jannasch, Canadian historian and museum curator (b. 1924)

• 2002 – William Schutz, American psychologist (b. 1925)

• 2002 – Merlin Santana, American actor (b. 1976)

• 2003 – Art Carney, American actor (b. 1918)

• 2003 – Gordon Onslow Ford, English painter (b. 1912)

• 2003 – Binod Bihari Verma, Indian Maithili littérateur (b. 1937)

• 2004 – Iris Chang, Asian author (b. 1968)

• 2004 – Emlyn Hughes, English Football Player (b. 1947)

• 2005 – K. R. Narayanan, Indian politician and President of India (b. 1921)

• 2006 – Ed Bradley, American journalist (b. 1941)

• 2006 – Markus Wolf, East German intelligence director (b. 1923)

• 2006 – Ellen Willis, American journalist (b. 1941)

Holidays and observances

• Roman Catholicism – Dedication of the Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano, Cathedral of the Pope (memorial feast day)

• *Saint Vitonus

• Cambodia – Independence Day (1953)

• Pakistan – Allama Iqbal Day (1877)

• Germany – November 9th is often called Germany's Schicksalstag (day of fate) due to the events of 1848, 1918, 1923, 1938, and 1989.

• Europe – Inventor's Day – in honour of Hedy Lamarr's birthday

• United States – World Freedom Day, to commemorate the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989

• Bolivia – Dia de los ñatitas