Events

• 1002 – English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St. Brice's Day massacre.

• 1160 – Marriage of Louis VII of France to Adele of Champagne.

• 1642 – First English Civil War: Battle of Turnham Green – the Royalist forces withdraw in the face of the Parliamentarian army and fail to take London.

• 1775 – American Revolutionary War: Patriot revolutionary forces under Col. Ethan Allen attack Montreal, Quebec defended by British General Guy Carleton.

• 1841 – James Braid first sees a demonstration of animal magnetism, which leads to his study of the subject he eventually calls hypnotism.

• 1851 – The Denny Party lands at Alki Point, the first settlers of what would become Seattle, Washington.

• 1864 – The new Constitution of Greece is adopted.

• 1887 – Bloody Sunday clashes in central London.

• 1901 – The 1901 Caister Lifeboat Disaster.

• 1909 – Collier's magazine accuses U.S. Secretary of the Interior Richard Ballinger of questionable dealings in Alaskan coal fields.

• 1916 – Prime Minister of Australia Billy Hughes is expelled from the Labor Party over his support for conscription.

• 1918 – Allied troops occupy Constantinople, the capital of the Ottoman Empire.

• 1927 – The Holland Tunnel opens to traffic as the first Hudson River vehicle tunnel linking New Jersey to New York City.

• 1941 – World War II: The aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal is torpedoed by U 81, sinking the following day.

• 1942 – World War II: Naval Battle of Guadalcanal – U.S. and Japanese ships engage in an intense, close-quarters surface naval engagement during the Battle of Guadalcanal.

• 1950 – General Carlos Delgado Chalbaud, President of Venezuela, is assassinated in Caracas.

• 1954 – Great Britain defeats France to capture the first ever Rugby League World Cup in Paris in front of around 30,000 spectators.

• 1956 – The United States Supreme Court declares Alabama and Montgomery, Alabama laws requiring segregated buses illegal, thus ending the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

• 1961 – Vladimir Yefimovich Semichastny succeeds Aleksandr Nikolayevich Shelepin as head of the KGB.

• 1965 – The SS Yarmouth Castle burns and sinks 60 miles off Nassau with the loss of 90 lives.

• 1969 – Vietnam War: Anti-war protesters in Washington, D.C. stage a symbolic March Against Death.

• 1970 – Bhola cyclone: A 150-mph tropical cyclone hits the densely populated Ganges Delta region of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh), killing an estimated 500,000 people in one night. This is regarded as the 20th century's worst natural disaster.

• 1971 – The American space probe, Mariner 9, becomes the first spacecraft to orbit another planet successfully, swinging into its planned trajectory around Mars.

• 1982 – Ray Mancini defeats Duk Koo Kim in a boxing match held in Las Vegas, Nevada. Kim's subsequent death (on November 17) leads to significant changes in the sport.

• 1982 – The Vietnam Veterans Memorial is dedicated in Washington, D.C. after a march to its site by thousands of Vietnam War veterans.

• 1985 – The volcano Nevado del Ruiz erupts and melts a glacier, causing a lahar (volcanic mudslide) that buries Armero, Colombia, killing approximately 23,000 people.

• 1985 – Xavier Suarez is sworn in as Miami, Florida's first Cuban-born mayor.

• 1988 – Mulugeta Seraw, an Ethiopian law student in Portland, Oregon is beaten to death by members of the Neo-Nazi group East Side White Pride.

• 1990 – In Aramoana, New Zealand, David Gray shoots dead 13 people, in what became known as the Aramoana Massacre.

• 1994 – In a referendum voters in Sweden decide to join the European Union.

• 1995 – A truck-bomb explodes outside of a US-operated Saudi Arabian National Guard training center in Riyadh, killing five Americans and two Indians. A group called the Islamic Movement for Change claims responsibility.

• 2000 – Philippine House Speaker Manuel B. Villar, Jr. passes the articles of impeachment against Philippine President Joseph Estrada.

• 2001 – Doha Round: The World Trade Organization ends a four-day ministerial conference in Doha, Qatar.

• 2001 – War on Terrorism: In the first such act since World War II, US President George W. Bush signs an executive order allowing military tribunals against foreigners suspected of connections to terrorist acts or planned acts on the United States.

• 2002 – Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraq agrees to the terms of the UN Security Council Resolution 1441.

• 2002 – The oil tanker Prestige sinks off the Galician coast and causes a huge oil spill.

• 2007 – An explosion hits the south wing of the House of Representatives of the Philippines in Quezon City, killing four people, including Congressman Wahab Akbar, and wounding six.

Births

• 354 – Saint Augustine of Hippo, North African theologian (d. 430)

• 532 – Augustine of Canterbury, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 604)

• 1312 – King Edward III of England (d. 1377)

• 1486 – Johann Eck, German theologian (d. 1543)

• 1504 – Philipp I of Hesse (d. 1567)

• 1572 – Cyril Lucaris, Greek theologian (d. 1638)

• 1699 – Jan Zach, Czech composer and musician (d. 1773)

• 1710 – Charles Simon Favart, French dramatist (d. 1792)

• 1714 – William Shenstone, English poet (d. 1763)

• 1715 – Dorothea Erxleben, German, first female medical doctor (d. 1762)

• 1732 – John Dickinson, American lawyer and Governor of Delaware and Pennsylvania (d. 1808)

• 1760 – Jiaqing, Emperor of China (d. 1820)

• 1761 – John Moore, British general (d. 1809)

• 1768 – Bertel Thorvaldsen, Danish sculptor (d. 1844)

• 1782 – Esaias Tegnér, Swedish writer, professor of Greek language, and bishop (d. 1846)

• 1801 – Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria, queen of Prussia (d. 1873)

• 1801 – Amalie Auguste of Bavaria, queen of Saxony (d. 1877)

• 1814 – Joseph Hooker, American General (d. 1879)

• 1826 – Charles Frederick Worth, English-born couturier (d. 1895)

• 1833 – Edwin Booth, American actor (d. 1893)

• 1837 – James T. Rapier, American politician (d. 1883)

• 1838 – Joseph Fielding Smith, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, (d. 1918)

• 1841 – Edward Burd Grubb, American Civil War Brevet Brigadier General (d. 1913)

• 1848 – Albert I, Prince of Monaco (d. 1922)

• 1850 – Robert Louis Stevenson, Scottish writer (d. 1894)

• 1853 – John Drew Jr., American actor (d. 1927)

• 1856 – Louis Brandeis, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (d. 1941)

• 1866 – Abraham Flexner, American educator (d. 1959)

• 1869 – Helene Stöcker, German feminist, pacifist and publicist (d. 1943)

• 1869 – Ariadna Tyrkova-Williams, Russian feminist (d. 1962)

• 1878 – Max Dehn, German mathematician (d. 1952)

• 1886 – Mary Wigman, German dancer and choreographer (d. 1973)

• 1894 – Artur Nebe, German SS officer (d. 1945)

• 1897 – Gertrude Olmstead, American actress (d. 1975)

• 1899 – Iskander Mirza, First President of Pakistan (d. 1969)

• 1899 – Huang Xianfan, Chinese historian (d. 1982)

• 1900 – Edward Buzzell, American film director (d. 1985)

• 1904 – H. C. Potter, American film and theater director (d. 1977)

• 1906 – Hermione Baddeley, English actress (d. 1986)

• 1906 – Eva Zeisel, American industrial designer

• 1907 – Giovanna of Italy, tsaritsa of Bulgaria (d. 2000)

• 1908 – C. Vann Woodward, American historian (d. 1999)

• 1910 – William Bradford Huie, American writer and publisher (d. 1986)

• 1910 – Pat Reid, British Army officer and Colditz escapee (d. 1990)

• 1911 – Buck O'Neil, American baseball player (d. 2006)

• 1913 – Jack Dyer, Australian rules footballer (d. 2003)

• 1913 – Lon Nol, Cambodian politician (d. 1985)

• 1913 – Helen Mack, American actress (d. 1986)

• 1913 – Alexander Scourby, American actor (d. 1985)

• 1914 – Alberto Lattuada, Italian film director (d. 2005)

• 1917 – Robert Sterling, American actor (d. 2006)

• 1918 – Jack Elam, American actor (d. 2003)

• 1922 – Jack Narz, American game show host (d. 2008)

• 1922 – Oskar Werner, Austrian actor (d. 1984)

• 1924 – Linda Christian, Mexican-born actress

• 1924 – Motoo Kimura, Japanese geneticist (d. 1994)

• 1926 – Harry Hughes, 57^th Governor of Maryland

• 1927 – Billy Klüver, American scientist (d. 2004)

• 1928 – Steve Bilko, American baseball player (d. 1978)

• 1929 – Fred Phelps, American pastor

• 1931 – Andrée Lachapelle, French Canadian actress

• 1932 – Richard Mulligan, American actor (d. 2000)

• 1933 – Adrienne Corri, Scottish actress

• 1934 – Peter Arnett, New Zealand-born American journalist

• 1934 – Jimmy Fontana, Italian actor, composer and singer

• 1934 – Alberto Lattuada, Italian film director (d. 2005)

• 1934 – Garry Marshall, American producer, director, writer, and actor

• 1935 – Tom Atkins, American actor

• 1935 – George Carey, Archbishop of Canterbury

• 1938 – Gérald Godin, French Canadian poet and politician (d. 1994)

• 1938 – Jean Seberg, American actress (d. 1979)

• 1939 – Karel Brückner, Czech football manager

• 1939 – Idris Muhammad, American jazz drummer

• 1940 – Daniel Pilon, Canadian actor

• 1941 – Eberhard Diepgen, German politician

• 1941 – Dack Rambo, American actor (d. 1994)

• 1941 – Mel Stottlemyre, American baseball player and coach

• 1942 – John Hammond, American musician

• 1943 – André-Gilles Fortin, Canadian politician (d. 1977)

• 1943 – Roberto Boninsegna, Italian footballer

• 1943 – Jay Sigel, American golfer

• 1944 – Timmy Thomas, American musician

• 1945 – John B. Craig, American diplomat

• 1945 – Masahiro Hasemi, Japanese racing driver

• 1947 – Toy Caldwell, American guitarist (The Marshall Tucker Band) (d. 1993)

• 1947 – Gene Garber, American baseball player

• 1947 – Amory Lovins, American environmentalist and author

• 1947 – Joe Mantegna, American actor

• 1948 – Humayun Ahmed, Bangladeshi novelist and film-maker

• 1949 – Yoshimi Ishibashi, Japanese racing driver

• 1949 – Terry Reid, English singer

• 1950 – Mary Lou Metzger, American singer (The Lawrence Welk Show)

• 1950 – Gilbert Perreault, Canadian ice hockey player

• 1952 – Art Malik, Pakistani-born English actor

• 1953 – Frances Conroy, American actress

• 1953 – Andrés Manuel López Obrador, Mexican politician

• 1953 – Andrew Ranken, English musician (The Pogues)

• 1953 – Tracy Scoggins, American actress

• 1954 – Scott McNealy, American CEO of Sun Microsystems

• 1954 – Chris Noth, American actor

• 1955 – Whoopi Goldberg, American actress, comedian, and singer

• 1956 – Ginger Alden, American actress

• 1957 – Stephen Baxter, English author

• 1957 – Roger Ingram, American trumpeter, educator, and author

• 1959 – Caroline Goodall, English actress

• 1960 – Neil Flynn, American actor

• 1960 – Teodora Ungureanu, Romanian gymnast and Olympic medalist

• 1963 – Vinny Testaverde, American football player

• 1964 – Steve Wong Ka-Keung, Hong Kong musician Beyond

• 1967 – Juhi Chawla, Indian actress

• 1967 – Jimmy Kimmel, American comedian and talk-show host

• 1967 – Steve Zahn, American actor

• 1968 – Pat Hentgen, American baseball player

• 1969 – Lori Berenson, American criminal

• 1969 – Gerard Butler, Scottish actor

• 1969 – Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Dutch author

• 1971 – Noah Hathaway, American actor

• 1972 – Takuya Kimura, Japanese singer and actor

• 1973 – Ari Hoenig, American jazz drummer

• 1975 – Tom Compernolle, Belgian athlete (d. 2008)

• 1975 – Alain Digbeu, French basketball player

• 1975 – Ivica Dragutinović, Serbian footballer

• 1975 – Quim, Portuguese footballer

• 1976 – Hiroshi Tanahashi, Japanese professional wrestler

• 1976 – Kelly Sotherton, English heptathlete

• 1977 – Chanel Cole, Australian singer

• 1977 – Huang Xiaoming, Chinese actor and singer

• 1978 – Nikolai Fraiture, American bassist (The Strokes)

• 1979 – Ron Artest, American basketball player

• 1979 – Subliminal, Israeli rapper and producer

• 1980 – Monique Coleman, American actress

• 1980 – François-Louis Tremblay, Canadian speed skater

• 1981 – Mark Cardona, Filipino basketball player

• 1981 – Rivkah, American cartoonist

• 1981 – Shawn Yue, Hong Kong actor and singer

• 1981 – Ryan Bertin, American amateur wrestler

• 1982 – Samkon Gado, Nigerian/American football player

• 1982 – Kumi Koda, Japanese singer

• 1982 – Michael Copon, American actor and singer

• 1985 – Asdrúbal Cabrera, Venezuelan baseball player

• 1987 – Dana Vollmer, American swimmer

Deaths

• 867 – Pope Nicholas I

• 1004 – Abbon of Fleury

• 1093 – King Malcolm III of Scotland (b. 1031)

• 1143 – King Fulk of Jerusalem

• 1170 – Albert I of Brandenburg

• 1314 – Albert II, Margrave of Meissen

• 1345 – Constance of Penafiel, wife of Pedro I of Portugal (b. 1323)

• 1359 – Ivan II of Russia, Grand Prince of Moscow (b. 1326)

• 1460 – Prince Henry the Navigator, Portuguese patron of exploration (b. 1394)

• 1606 – Geronimo Mercuriali, Italian philologist and physician (b. 1530)

• 1619 – Ludovico Carracci, Italian painter (b. 1555)

• 1650 – Thomas May, English poet and historian (b. 1595)

• 1770 – George Grenville, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1712)

• 1771 – Konrad Ernst Ackermann, German actor (b. 1712)

• 1777 – William Bowyer (printer), English printer (b. 1699)

• 1862 – Ludwig Uhland, German poet (b. 1787)

• 1867 – Adolphe Napoleon Didron, French archaeologist (b. 1806)

• 1868 – Gioachino Rossini, Italian composer (b. 1792)

• 1903 – Camille Pissarro, French painter (b. 1830)

• 1929 – Princess Viktoria of Prussia (b. 1866)

• 1952 – Margaret Wise Brown, American children's author (b. 1910)

• 1954 – Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist, German field marshal (b. 1881)

• 1961 – Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle, Jr., American diplomat (b. 1897)

• 1963 – Margaret Murray, English anthropologist and Egyptologist (b. 1863)

• 1967 – Harriet Cohen, English pianist (b. 1895)

• 1973 – Lila Lee, American actress (b. 1901)

• 1973 – Bruno Maderna, Italian/German conductor and composer (b. 1920)

• 1974 – Vittorio De Sica, Italian film director (b. 1901)

• 1974 – Karen Silkwood, American activist (b. 1946)

• 1975 – Olga Berggolts, Russian poet (b. 1910)

• 1977 – Ingrid Schubert, German terrorist (b. 1944)

• 1979 – Dimitris Psathas, Greek playwright (b. 1907)

• 1982 – Hugues Lapointe, Canadian politician, lieutenant governor of Quebec (b. 1911)

• 1983 – Junior Samples, American comedian (Hee Haw) (b. 1926)

• 1985 – George Robert Vincent, American sound recording pioneer (b. 1898)

• 1986 – Thierry Le Luron, French humourist (b. 1952)

• 1988 – Antal Dorati, Hungarian conductor (b. 1906)

• 1988 – Jaromír Vejvoda, Czech composer (b. 1902)

• 1989 – Victor Davis, Canadian swimmer (b. 1964)

• 1990 – Stewart Graeme Guthrie, New Zealand Police officer (b.1948)

• 1991 – Paul-Émile Cardinal Léger, archbishop of Montreal (b. 1904)

• 1993 – Carey Lloyd (Rufus R. Jones), American professional wrestler (b. 1933)

• 1994 – Motoo Kimura, Japanese geneticist (b. 1924)

• 1996 – Bill Doggett, American pianist and organist (b. 1916)

• 1996 – Swami Rama, Himalayan yoga master (b. 1925)

• 1997 – André Boucourechliev, French composer (b. 1925)

• 1997 – Dawud M. Mu'Min, American murderer (b. 1953)

• 1998 – Edwige Feuillère, French actress (b. 1907)

• 1998 – Valerie Hobson, British actress (b. 1917)

• 1998 – Red Holzman, American basketball coach (b. 1920)

• 1998 – Michel Trudeau, Canadian outdoorsman, son of Pierre Trudeau (b. 1975)

• 1999 – Donald Mills, American singer (Mills Brothers) (b. 1915)

• 2001 – Peggy Mount, English actress (b. 1915)

• 2002 – Rishikesh Shaha, Nepalese politician and writer (b. 1925)

• 2003 – Kellie Waymire, American actress (b. 1967)

• 2004 – John Balance, English musician and artist (b. 1962)

• 2004 – Thomas Foglietta, American politician (b. 1928)

• 2004 – Ol' Dirty Bastard, American rapper (Wu-Tang Clan) (b. 1968)

• 2005 – Eddie Guerrero, American/Mexican professional wrestler (b. 1967)

• 2005 – Vine Deloria, Jr., Native American author, theologian, historian, and activist (b. 1933)

• 2007 – Wahab Akbar, Filipino politician and Congressman (b. 1960)

• 2007 – John Doherty, English footballer (b. 1935)

• 2007 – Kazuhisa Inao, Japanese baseball player (b. 1937)

• 2007 – Monty Westmore, American make-up artist (b. 1923)

Holidays and observances

• Roman festivals – Iovis epulum; feast of Feronia

• R.C. Saints – Bricius of Tours; Frances Xavier Cabrini; Saint Homobonus; Stanislaus Kostka, All the Saints of the Premonstratensian Order, Saint Quintian

• Feast day of St. John Chrysostom, archbishop of Constantinople