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Marshal of France
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 Modern Insignia: Maréchal de France.  Baton of a modern Marshal of France.  Imperial coat of arms of marshal of the First French Empire prince Józef Poniatowski with Légion d'honneur, Order of the White Eagle, Virtuti Militari insignia. A Marshal of France displays seven stars. The marshal also receives a baton, a blue cylinder with stars, formerly fleurs-de-lis during the monarchy and Eagles during the First French Empire. It has the Latin inscription: Terror belli, decus pacis, which means "Terror in war, ornament in peace". Six Marshals of France have been given the even more exalted rank of Marshal General of France: Biron, Lesdiguières, Turenne, Villars, Saxe and Soult. HistoryThe title derived from the office of marescallus Franciae created by King Philip II Augustus of France for Albéric Clément (circa 1190).The title was abolished by the National Convention in 1793. It was restored during the First French Empire by Napoleon I as Marshal of the Empire. Under the Bourbon Restoration, the title reverted to Marshal of France and Napoléon III kept that designation. After the fall of Napoleon III and the Second French Empire, the Third republic did not use the title until the First World War, when it was recreated as a military distinction and not a rank. Philippe Pétain, awarded the distinction of Marshal of France for his generalship in World War I, retained his title even after his trial and imprisonment and after he was stripped of other positions and titles. The last living Marshal of France was Alphonse Juin, promoted in 1952, who died in 1967. The latest Marshal of France was Marie Pierre Koenig, who was made a Marshal posthumously in 1984. Today, the title of Marshal of France can only be granted to a General officer who fought victoriously in war-time. Direct CapetiansPhilip II, 1180 – 1223
Louis IX, 1226 – 1270
Philip III, 1270 – 1285
Philip IV, 1285 – 1314
Louis X, 1314 – 1316
Philip V, 1316 – 1322
Charles IV, 1322–1328
ValoisPhilip VI, 1328 – 1350
John II 1350 – 1364
Charles V, 1364 – 1380
Charles VI, 1380 – 1422
Charles VII, 1422 – 1461
Louis XI, 1461 – 1483
Charles VIII, 1483 – 1498
Valois-OrléansLouis XII, 1498 – 1515
Valois-AngoulêmeFrancis I 1515–1547
Henry II 1547-1559
Francis II 1559 – 1560
Charles IX, 1560 – 1574
Henry III (English: Henry III) 1574 – 1589
BourbonsHenry IV 1589 – 1610
Louis XIII, 1610 – 1643
Louis XIV, 1643 – 1715
Louis XV, 1715 – 1774
Louis XVI, 1774 – 1792
 Baton of the Napoleonic Marshals First EmpireNapoleon I, 1804 – 1814
The names of many of these have been given to successive stretches of an avenue encircling Paris, which has thus been nicknamed the Boulevard des Maréchaux (Marshals' Boulevard"). Second RestorationLouis XVIII, 1815 – 1824
Charles X, 1824 – 1830
July MonarchyLouis-Philippe 1830 – 1848
Second RepublicLouis-Napoleon Bonaparte, 1848 – 1852
Second EmpireNapoleon III, 1852 – 1870
Third RepublicRaymond Poincaré, 1913 – 1920
Alexandre Millerand, 1920 – 1924
Fourth RepublicVincent Auriol, 1947 – 1954
Fifth RepublicFrançois Mitterrand, 1981 – 1995
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Used under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License; additional terms may apply.
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