Events

• 141 BC – Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han Dynasty of China.

• 1230 AD – Bulgarian tsar Ivan Asen II defeats Theodore of Epirus in the Battle of Klokotnitsa.

• 1276 – Augsburg becomes an Imperial Free City.

• 1500 – The fleet of Pedro Alvares Cabral leaves Lisbon for the Indies. The fleet will discover Brazil which lies within boundaries granted to Portugal in the Treaty of Tordesillas.

• 1566 – David Rizzio, the private secretary to Mary I of Scotland, is murdered in the Palace of Holyroodhouse, Edinburgh, Scotland.

• 1765 – After a campaign by the writer Voltaire, judges in Paris posthumously exonerate Jean Calas of murdering his son. Calas had been tortured and executed in 1762 on the charge, though his son may have actually committed suicide.

• 1611 – Yemana Kristos, brother of Emperor Susenyos, ends the rebellion of Melka Sedeq in the Battle of Segaba in Begemder.

• 1796 – Napoléon Bonaparte marries his first wife, Joséphine de Beauharnais.

• 1841 – The U.S. Supreme Court rules that captive Africans who had seized control of the ship carrying them had been taken into slavery illegally.

• 1842 – Giuseppe Verdi's third opera Nabucco receives its première performance in Milan; its success establishes Verdi as one of Italy's foremost opera writers.

• 1847 – Mexican-American War: The first large-scale amphibious assault in U.S. history is launched in the Siege of Veracruz

• 1862 – American Civil War: The and CSS Virginia fight to a draw in the Battle of Hampton Roads, the first fight between two ironclad warships.

• 1896 – Prime Minister Francesco Crispi resigns following the Italian defeat at the Battle of Adowa.

• 1908 – Inter Milan is founded.

• 1910 – The Westmoreland County Coal Strike, involving 15,000 coal miners represented by the United Mine Workers, begins.

• 1916 – Pancho Villa leads nearly 500 Mexican raiders in an attack against Columbus, New Mexico.

• 1925 – Pink's War: The first Royal Air Force operation conducted independently of the British Army or Royal Navy begins.

• 1933 – Great Depression: President Franklin D. Roosevelt submits the Emergency Banking Act to the Congress, the first of his New Deal policies.

• 1944 – World War II: Japanese troops counter-attack American forces on Hill 700 in Bougainville in a battle that would last five days.

• 1954 – McCarthyism: CBS television broadcasts the See It Now episode, "A Report on Senator Joseph McCarthy", produced by Fred Friendly.

• 1956 – Soviet military suppresses mass demonstrations in the Georgian SSR, reacting to Khrushchev's de-Stalinization policy.

• 1957 – A magnitude 8.3 earthquake in the Andreanof Islands, Alaska triggers a Pacific-wide tsunami causing extensive damage to Hawaii and Oahu.

• 1959 – The Barbie doll makes its debut at the American International Toy Fair in New York.

• 1967 – Trans World Airlines Flight 553, a Douglas DC-9-15, crashes in a field in Concord Township, Ohio following a mid-air collision with a Beechcraft Baron, killing 26.

• 1976 – Forty-two people die in the 1976 Cavalese cable-car disaster, the worst cable-car accident to date.

• 1977 – The Hanafi Muslim Siege: In a thirty-nine hour standoff, armed Hanafi Muslims seize three Washington, D.C., buildings, killing two and taking 149 hostage.

• 1989 – A strike forces financially-troubled Eastern Air Lines into bankruptcy.

• 1990 – Dr. Antonia Novello is sworn in as Surgeon General of the United States, becoming the first female and Hispanic American to serve in that position.

• 1991 – Massive demonstrations are held against Slobodan Milošević in Belgrade. Two people are killed and tanks are in the streets.

• 1993 – Rodney King testifies against the four LAPD officers accused of violating his civil rights when they beat him during his 1991 arrest.

• 1997 – Comet Hale-Bopp: Observers in China, Mongolia and eastern Siberia are treated to a rare double feature as an eclipse permits Hale-Bopp to be seen during the day.

Births

• 1213 – Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy, French crusader (d. 1271)

• 1285 – Emperor Go-Nijō of Japan (d. 1318)

• 1454 – Amerigo Vespucci, Italian explorer and cartographer (d. 1512)

• 1564 – David Fabricius, German astronomer (d. 1617)

• 1568 – Aloysius Gonzaga, Italian saint (d. 1591)

• 1629 – Tsar Alexis I of Russia (d. 1676)

• 1695 – Martín Sarmiento, Spanish writer and scholar (d.1772)

• 1720 – Philip Yorke, 2nd Earl of Hardwicke, English politician (d. 1790)

• 1737 – Josef Mysliveček, Czech composer (d. 1781)

• 1749 – Honore Mirabeau, French writer and politician (d. 1791)

• 1753 – Jean-Baptiste Kleber, French general (d. 1800)

• 1758 – Franz Joseph Gall, German neuroscientist (d. 1828)

• 1763 – William Cobbett, English journalist and author (d. 1835)

• 1806 – Edwin Forrest, American actor and philanthropist (d. 1872)

• 1814 – Taras Shevchenko, Ukrainian poet (d. 1861)

• 1815 – David Davis, Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (d. 1886)

• 1820 – Samuel Blatchford, Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (d. 1893)

• 1825 – Alexander F. Mozhaiski, Russian aviation pioneer (d. 1890)

• 1833 – Frederick A. Schroeder, industrialist and mayor of Brooklyn (d. 1899)

• 1839 – Phoebe Knapp, American hymn writer (d. 1908)

• 1856 – Eddie Foy, American singer and dancer (d. 1928)

• 1887 – Phil Mead, English cricketer (d. 1958)

• 1887 – Fritz Lenz, German geneticist (d. 1976)

• 1890 – Vyacheslav Molotov, Russian politician (d. 1986)

• 1891 – José P. Laurel, 3rd President of the Philippines (d. 1959)

• 1892 – Vita Sackville-West, English writer and gardener (d. 1962)

• 1894 – Frank Arnau, German writer (d. 1976)

• 1900 – Howard Aiken, American computing pioneer (d. 1973)

• 1900 – Tomislav II of Croatia, 4th Duke of Aosta, Italian aristocrat (d. 1948)

• 1902 – Will Geer, American actor (d. 1978)

• 1904 – Paul Klipsch, American engineer (d. 2002)

• 1909 – Derk Bodde, American sinologist (d. 2003)

• 1910 – Samuel Barber, American composer (d. 1981)

• 1915 – Johnnie Johnson, British fighter pilot (d. 2001)

• 1918 – George Lincoln Rockwell, founder of the American Nazi Party (d. 1967)

• 1918 – Mickey Spillane, American writer (d. 2006)

• 1921 – Carl Betz, American actor (d. 1978)

• 1921 – Dimitris Horn, Greek actor (d. 1998)

• 1923 – Walter Kohn, Austrian-born physicist, Nobel laureate

• 1928 – Gerald Bull, Canadian artillery designer (d. 1990)

• 1929 – Desmond Hoyte, Prime Minister and President of Guyana (d. 2002)

• 1929 – Zillur Rahman, President of Bangladesh.

• 1930 – Ornette Coleman, American musician

• 1931 – Thore Skogman, Swedish entertainer (d. 2007)

• 1932 – Keely Smith, American singer

• 1932 – Walter Mercado, Puerto Rican astrologist and actor

• 1933 – Mel Lastman, Canadian politician

• 1933 – Lloyd Price, American singer

• 1934 – Del Close, American actor, writer and teacher (d. 1999)

• 1934 – Yuri Gagarin, Soviet cosmonaut and the first human in space (d. 1968)

• 1934 – Marlene Streit, Canadian golfer

• 1934 – Joyce Van Patten, American actress

• 1935 – Andrew Viterbi, American scientist and businessman

• 1936 – Mickey Gilley, American musician and singer

• 1936 – Tom Sestak, American football player (d. 1987)

• 1937 – Bernard Landry, Premier of Quebec from 2001-2003

• 1937 – Brian Redman, English racing driver

• 1938 – Lill-Babs, Swedish singer

• 1940 – Raúl Juliá, Puerto Rican actor (d. 1994)

• 1941 – Ernesto Miranda, American litigant (d. 1976)

• 1942 – John Cale, Welsh musician (The Velvet Underground)

• 1942 – Mark Lindsay, American musician (Paul Revere & The Raiders)

• 1943 – Bobby Fischer, American chess player (d. 2008)

• 1943 – Charles Gibson, American television journalist

• 1943 – Colin Murdock, American voice actor

• 1943 – Trish Van Devere, American actress

• 1944 – Lee Irvine, South African cricketer

• 1945 – Robert Calvert, English singer (Hawkwind) (d. 1988)

• 1945 – Dennis Rader, American serial killer

• 1945 – Robin Trower, British rock musician

• 1946 – Jim Cregan, British rock musician

• 1947 – Keri Hulme, New Zealand writer

• 1948 – Emma Bonino, Italian politician

• 1948 – Jeffrey Osborne, American singer

• 1949 – Tapani Kansa, Finnish singer

• 1950 – Doug Ault, American baseball player (d. 2004)

• 1950 – Danny Sullivan, American race car driver

• 1951 – Zakir Hussain, Indian tabla player

• 1951 – Michael Kinsley, American journalist and editor

• 1951 – Helen Zille, South African politician

• 1952 – Bill Beaumont, English rugby player

• 1954 – Bobby Sands, IRA member (d. 1981)

• 1955 – Teo Fabi, Italian racing driver

• 1955 – Ornella Muti, Italian actress

• 1956 – Mark Dantonio, American football coach

• 1956 – Shashi Tharoor, Indian author & United Nations Under-Secretary General

• 1956 – David Willetts, UK Shadow Secretary for Education (Conservative)

• 1957 – Faith Daniels, American journalist

• 1957 – Mark Mancina, American composer

• 1957 – Mona Sahlin, Swedish politician

• 1958 – Linda Fiorentino, American actress

• 1958 – Martin Fry, English pop singer (ABC)

• 1958 – Jack Kenny, American television writer and producer

• 1961 – Mike Leach, American football coach

• 1961 – Robert Rechsteiner (Rick Steiner), American wrestler

• 1962 – Jan Furtok, Polish footballer

• 1963 – Terry Mulholland, American baseball player

• 1963 – David Pogue, Technology columnist and musician

• 1964 – Juliette Binoche, French actress

• 1964 – Herbert Fandel, German football referee

• 1964 – Phil Housley, American ice hockey player

• 1965 – Brian Bosworth, American football player

• 1965 – Benito Santiago, Puerto Rican baseball player

• 1966 – Brendan Canty, American musician (Fugazi)

• 1966 – Tony Lockett, Australian Rules Footballer

• 1966 – Michael Patrick MacDonald, American memorist

• 1968 – Youri Djorkaeff, French footballer

• 1968 – Johnny Kelly, American drummer (Type O Negative)

• 1968 – Brian Heidik, American reality-show contestant

• 1969 – Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf, American basketball player

• 1969 – Stefie Shock, Quebec singer and songwriter

• 1970 – Martin Johnson, English rugby player

• 1970 – Shannon Leto, American drummer and actor (30 Seconds to Mars)

• 1971 – Emmanuel Lewis, American actor

• 1971 – C-Murder, American rapper

• 1971 – Diego Torres, Argentine singer

• 1972 – Jean Louisa Kelly, American Actress

• 1972 – Kerr Smith, American actor

• 1973 – Aaron Boone, American baseball player

• 1975 – Roy Makaay, Dutch footballer

• 1975 – Chaske Spencer, American actor

• 1975 – Juan Sebastián Verón, Argentine footballer

• 1976 – Thor Halvorssen, human rights activist

• 1976 – Ben Mulroney, Canadian television host

• 1977 – Yamila Diaz, Argentine supermodel

• 1977 – Radek Dvořák, Czech ice hockey player

• 1978 – Lucas Neill, Australian footballer

• 1979 – Chingy, American rapper

• 1979 – Melina Perez, American WWE Diva

• 1980 – Trent Croad, Australian rules footballer

• 1980 – Matthew Gray Gubler, American actor

• 1981 – Antonio Bryant, American football player

• 1981 – Anders Nøhr, Danish footballer

• 1981 – Clay Rapada, American baseball player

• 1983 – Clint Dempsey, American footballer

• 1983 – Maite Perroni, Mexican singer (RBD)

• 1983 – Wayne Simien, American basketball player

• 1984 – Julia Mancuso, American Olympic gold medalist

• 1985 – Jesse Litsch, American baseball player

• 1985 – Parthiv Patel, Indian Cricket Player

• 1986 – Brittany Snow, American actress

• 1987 – Bow Wow, American rapper and actor

• 1989 – Christina Broccolini, Canadian TV presenter

• 1989 – Taeyeon, Korean Singer

• 1996 – Darsheel Safary, Indian actor

Deaths

• 1202 – King Sverre of Norway

• 1422 – Jan Zelivsky, Hussite priest (b. 1380)

• 1440 – St Frances of Rome, Italian nun (b. 1384)

• 1566 – David Rizzio, Italian secretary of Mary I of Scotland (b. 1533)

• 1649 – James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton, Scottish statesman (b. 1606)

• 1649 – Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland, English soldier (executed) (b. 1590)

• 1661 – Jules Cardinal Mazarin, French cardinal and statesman (b. 1602)

• 1709 – Ralph Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu, English diplomat

• 1808 – Joseph Bonomi the Elder, architect (b. 1739)

• 1810 – Ozias Humphrey, English artist (b. 1842)

• 1851 – Hans Christian Ørsted, Danish physicist (b. 1777)

• 1888 – William I, German Emperor (b. 1797)

• 1897 – Sondre Norheim, Norwegian skier (b. 1825)

• 1897 – Jamal-al-Din Afghani, Afghan political activist and Islamic nationalist (b. 1838)

• 1918 – Frank Wedekind, writer (b. 1864)

• 1937 – Paul Elmer More, American critic and essayist (b. 1864)

• 1945 – Margot Frank, German-born Dutch Jewish holocaust victim (b. 1926)

• 1954 – Eva Ahnert-Rohlfs, German astronomer (b. 1912)

• 1954 – V. Walfrid Ekman, Swedish oceanographer (b. 1874)

• 1960 – Jack Beattie, Northern Irish politician (b. 1886)

• 1964 – Paul Erich von Lettow-Vorbeck, German general (b. 1870)

• 1966 – Pablo Birger, Argentine racing driver (b. 1924)

• 1969 – Abdul Munim Riad general and chief of staff of the Egyptian Armed Forces (b. 1919)

• 1971 – Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria, Coptic Orthodox Patriarch (b. 1902)

• 1974 – Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr., American physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1915)

• 1975 – Gleb W. Derujinsky, Russian-American sculptor (b. 1888)

• 1983 – Faye Emerson, American actress (b. 1917)

• 1983 – Ulf von Euler, Swedish physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1905)

• 1989 – Robert Mapplethorpe, American artist (b. 1946)

• 1991 – Jim Hardin, former Baltimore Orioles, New York Yankees and Atlanta Braves pitcher (b. 1943)

• 1992 – Menachem Begin, Prime Minister of Israel, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1913)

• 1993 – C. Northcote Parkinson, British historian and writer (b. 1909)

• 1993 – Bob Crosby, American bandleader and vocalist (b. 1913)

• 1994 – Charles Bukowski, American writer (b. 1920)

• 1994 – Fernando Rey, Spanish-born actor (b. 1917)

• 1994 – Eddie Creatchman, Canadian wrestler manager (b. 1928)

• 1996 – George Burns, American actor and singer (b. 1896)

• 1997 – The Notorious B.I.G., American rapper (b. 1972)

• 1997 – Jean-Dominique Bauby, French Journalist & Author (b.1952), The Diving Bell and the Butterfly

• 1999 – Harry Somers, Canadian composer (b. 1925)

• 2000 – Ivo Robić, Croatian singer and songwriter (b. 1923)

• 2003 – Stan Brakhage, American filmmaker (b. 1933)

• 2003 – Bernard Dowiyogo, President of Nauru (b. 1946)

• 2004 – Albert Mol, Dutch actor (b. 1917)

• 2004 – Dr. Gerald Deskin, Ph.D., clinical child psychologist (b. 1929)

• 2004 – Rust Epique, former Crazy Town guitarist (b. 1968)

• 2005 – Chris LeDoux, American country singer and rodeo competitor (b. 1948)

• 2005 – Kurt Lotz, German business executive, second postwar CEO of Volkswagen (b. 1912)

• 2005 – István Nyers, Hungarian footballer (b. 1924)

• 2005 – Jeanette Schmid, Austrian professional whistler; aka Baroness Lips von Lipstrill (b. 1924)

• 2006 – John Profumo, British cabinet minister (b. 1915)

• 2006 – Geir Ivarsøy, Norwegian programmer, co-founder of Opera Software ASA (b. 1957)

• 2006 – Laura Stoica, Romanian singer, composer and actress (b. 1967)

• 2007 – Brad Delp, American singer (Boston) (b. 1951)

• 2007 – Glen Harmon, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1921)

• 2007 – Jeanne Hopkins Lucas, North Carolina politician

Holidays and observances

• Belize – Baron Bliss Day.

• Saint Dominic Savio

• Saint Gregory of Nyssa

• Saint Frances of Rome

• Forty Martyrs of Sebaste