Events

• 717 – Battle of Vincy between Charles Martel and Ragenfrid.

• 1188 – Accession to the throne of Japan by emperor Antoku.

• 1413 – Henry V becomes King of England.

• 1556 – In Oxford, Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer is burned at the stake.

• 1788 – A fire in New Orleans leaves most of the town in ruins.

• 1800 – With the church leadership driven out of Rome during an armed conflict, Pius VII is crowned Pope in Venice with a temporary papal tiara made of papier-mâché.

• 1801 – The Battle of Alexandria is fought between British and French forces near the ruins of Nicopolis in Egypt.

• 1804 – Code Napoléon is adopted as French civil law.

• 1821 – First revolutionary act in Monastery of Agia Lavra, Kalavryta, Greek War of Independence.

• 1844 – The Bahá'í calendar begins. This is the first day of the first year of the Bahá'í calendar. It is annually celebrated by members of the Bahá'í Faith as the Bahá'í New Year or Náw-Rúz.

• 1844 – The original date predicted by William Miller for the return of Christ.

• 1857 – An earthquake in Tokyo, Japan kills over 100,000.

• 1859 – Zoological Society of Philadelphia, 1st in US, incorporated

• 1871 – Otto von Bismarck is appointed Chancellor of the German Empire.

• 1871 – Journalist Henry Morton Stanley begins his trek to find the missionary and explorer David Livingstone.

• 1905 – Albert Einstein publishes his theory on special relativity.

• 1913 – Over 360 are killed and 20,000 homes destroyed in the Great Dayton Flood in Dayton, Ohio.

• 1918 – World War I: Second Battle of the Somme begins.

• 1919 – The Hungarian Soviet Republic is established becoming the first Communist government to be formed in Europe after the October Revolution in Russia.

• 1928 – Charles Lindbergh is presented the Medal of Honor for his first trans-Atlantic flight.

• 1933 – Construction of Dachau, the first Nazi Germany concentration camp, is completed.

• 1935 – Shah Reza Pahlavi formally asks the international community to call Persia by its native name, Iran, which means 'Land of the Aryans'.

• 1937 – Ponce Massacre: 18 people and a 7-yr-old girl in Ponce, Puerto Rico are gunned down by a police squad acting under orders of US-appointed PR Governor, Blanton C. Winship.

• 1945 – World War II: British troops liberate Mandalay, Burma.

• 1945 – World War II: Operation Carthage – British planes bomb Gestapo headquarters in Copenhagen, Denmark. Unfortunately they also hit a school; 125 civilians are killed.

• 1952 – Alan Freed presents the Moondog Coronation Ball, the first rock and roll concert, in Cleveland, Ohio.

• 1960 – Apartheid: Massacre in Sharpeville, South Africa: Police open fire on a group of unarmed black South African demonstrators, killing 69 and wounding 180.

• 1963 – Alcatraz, a federal penitentiary on an island in San Francisco Bay, closes.

• 1964 – In Copenhagen, Denmark, Gigliola Cinquetti wins the ninth Eurovision Song Contest for Italy singing "Non ho l'età" ("I'm not old enough").

• 1965 – Ranger program: NASA launches Ranger 9 which is the last in a series of unmanned lunar space probes.

• 1965 – Martin Luther King Jr leads 3,200 people on the start of the third and finally successful civil rights march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama.

• 1968 – Battle of Karameh in Jordan between Israeli Defense Forces and Fatah.

• 1970 – The first Earth Day proclamation is issued by San Francisco Mayor Joseph Alioto.

• 1970 – Vinko Bogataj crashes during a ski-jumping championship in Germany; his image becomes that of the "agony of defeat guy" in the opening credits of ABC's Wide World of Sports.

• 1980 – US President Jimmy Carter announces a United States boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow to protest the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan.

• 1980 – On the season finale of the soap opera Dallas, the infamous character J.R. Ewing is shot by an unseen assailant, leading to the catchphrase "Who Shot JR?"

• 1985 – Canadian paraplegic athlete and humanitarian Rick Hansen begins his circumnavigation of the globe in a wheelchair in the name of spinal cord injury medical research.

• 1989 – Sports Illustrated reports allegations tying baseball player Pete Rose to baseball gambling.

• 1990 – Namibia becomes independent after 75 years of South African rule.

• 1997 – In a Tel Aviv, Israel coffee shop, a suicide bomber kills 3 and injures 49.

• 1999 – Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones become the first to circumnavigate the Earth in a hot air balloon.

• 2002 – In Pakistan, Ahmed Omar Saeed Sheikh along with three other suspects are charged with murder for their part in the kidnapping and killing of Wall Street Journal reporter Daniel Pearl.

• 2002 – British schoolgirl Amanda Dowler is abducted in broad daylight on her way home from Heathside School in Walton-on-Thames, Surrey.

• 2006 – Immigrant workers constructing the Burj Dubayy in Dubai, The United Arab Emirates and a new terminal of Dubai International Airport join together and riot, causing $1M in damage.

Births

• 1521 – Maurice, Elector of Saxony (d. 1553)

• 1527 – Hermann Finck, German composer (d. 1558)

• 1685 – Johann Sebastian Bach, German composer (d. 1750)

• 1713 – Francis Lewis, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1803)

• 1763 – Jean Paul, German writer (d. 1825)

• 1768 – Joseph Fourier, French mathematician (d. 1830)

• 1801 – Maria Theresa of Tuscany, Queen of Sardinia (d. 1855)

• 1806 – Benito Juárez, Mexican statesman and national hero (d. 1872)

• 1811 – Nathaniel Woodard, English educationalist (d. 1891)

• 1835 – Thomas Hayward, English cricketer (d. 1876)

• 1839 – Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky, Russian composer (d. 1881)

• 1854 – Alick Bannerman, Australian cricketer (d. 1924)

• 1863 – George Owen Squier, American inventor and Major General in U.S. Signal Corp(d. 1934)

• 1869 – Florenz Ziegfeld, theater producer (d. 1932)

• 1876 – John Tewksbury, American athlete (d. 1968)

• 1880 – Gilbert M. 'Broncho Billy' Anderson, American actor (d. 1971)

• 1882 – Aleksander Kesküla, Estonian politician and nationalist (d. 1963)

• 1885 – Pierre Renoir, French stage and film actor and director (d. 1952)

• 1895 – Zlatko Baloković, Croatian violinist (d. 1955)

• 1901 – Karl Arnold, German politician (d. 1958)

• 1902 – Son House, American musician (d. 1988)

• 1904 – Forrest Mars Sr., American candymaker (d. 1999)

• 1904 – Nikolaos Skalkottas, Greek composer (d. 1949)

• 1906 – Jim Thompson, American designer and businessman

• 1910 – M S Khan, Bangladeshi intellectual (d. 1978)

• 1913 – George Abecassis, English race car driver (d. 1991)

• 1913 – Heinz "Pritzl" Bär, German fighter pilot (d. 1957)

• 1914 – Paul Tortelier, French cellist (d. 1990)

• 1917 – Frank Hardy, Australian author (d. 1994)

• 1920 – Georg Ots, Estonian singer (d. 1975)

• 1920 – Manolis Chiotis, Greek bouzouki virtuoso and song writer (d. 1970)

• 1921 – Arthur Grumiaux, Belgian violinist (d. 1986)

• 1922 – Russ Meyer, American film director and producer (d. 2004)

• 1923 – Philip Abbott, American actor (d. 1998)

• 1923 – Shri Mataji Nirmala Srivastava, Founder of Sahaja Yogav

• 1925 – Peter Brook, British stage director and producer

• 1925 – Hugo Koblet, Swiss cyclist (d. 1964)

• 1927 – Hans-Dietrich Genscher, German politician

• 1929 – Maurice Catarcio, wrestler

• 1930 – James Coco, actor (d. 1987)

• 1932 – Walter Gilbert, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate

• 1932 – Joseph Silverstein, American violinist and conductor

• 1933 – Michael Heseltine, English politician

• 1934 – Al Freeman, Jr., American actor

• 1935 – Brian Clough, English footballer and football manager (d. 2004)

• 1936 – Ed Broadbent, Canadian politician

• 1936 – Mike Westbrook, British jazz composer, bandleader and pianist

• 1940 – Solomon Burke, American singer

• 1942 – Françoise Dorléac, French actress (d. 1967)

• 1943 – István Gyulai, Hungarian General Secretary of the IAAF (d. 2006)

• 1943 – Hartmut Haenchen, German conductor

• 1943 – Vivian Stanshall, English musician, artist, actor, writer, Bonzo Dog Doo Dah Band (d. 1995)

• 1944 – Marie-Christine Barrault, French actress

• 1945 – Rose Stone, American musician (Sly & the Family Stone)

• 1946 – Timothy Dalton, British actor

• 1949 – Slavoj Žižek, Slovenian sociologist, philosopher and cultural critic

• 1949 – Eddie Money, American musician

• 1950 – Roger Hodgson, English musician, former member of Supertramp

• 1951 – Russell Thompkins Jr, American singer (The Stylistics)

• 1955 – Dimitrios Papadimoulis, Greek politician

• 1956 – Guy Chadwick, English guitarist, vocalist and songwriter (The House of Love)

• 1956 – Ingrid Kristiansen, Norwegian runner

• 1958 – Sabrina Le Beauf, American actress

• 1958 – Gary Oldman, English actor

• 1959 – Sarah Jane Morris, English Singer

• 1959 – Nobuo Uematsu, Japanese composer

• 1959 – Yuval Rotem, Israeli Ambassador

• 1960 – Benito de Leon, Filipino military officer

• 1960 – Ayrton Senna, Brazilian race car driver and three-time F1 World Champion (d. 1994)

• 1960 – Robert Sweet, American drummer

• 1961 – Lothar Matthäus, German footballer

• 1962 – Matthew Broderick, American actor

• 1962 – Kathy Greenwood, Canadian actress

• 1962 – Rosie O'Donnell, American comedian, actress, talk show host, and publisher

• 1962 – Mark Waid, American comic book writer

• 1963 – Shawn Lane, American guitar virtuoso (d. 2003)

• 1963 – Shawon Dunston, American baseball player

• 1963 – Ronald Koeman, Dutch footballer and football manager

• 1964 – Ahmed Radhi, Iraqi international football star

• 1964 – Jesper Skibby, Danish professional cyclist

• 1965 – Xavier Bertrand, French politician

• 1967 – Jonas "Joker" Berggren, Swedish musician (Ace of Base)

• 1967 – Adrian Chiles, British television and radio presenter

• 1967 – Maxim Reality, British MC (The Prodigy)

• 1968 – Cameron Clyne, Australian businessman

• 1968 – DJ Premier, (Preemo), hip hop producer

• 1968 – Greg Ellis, English actor

• 1968 – Shin Seung Hun, South Korean ballad singer

• 1968 – Scott Williams, American basketball player

• 1969 – Ali Daei, Iranian footballer

• 1970 – Shiho Niiyama, Japanese voice actress

• 1972 – Large Professor, hip hop artist

• 1972 – Chris Candido, professional wrestler (d. 2005)

• 1973 – Ananda Lewis, American model and television personality

• 1973 – Stuart Nethercott, English footballer

• 1973 – Jerry Supiran, American actor

• 1974 – Laura Allen, American actress

• 1974 – Jose Clayton, Tunisian footballer

• 1974 – Rhys Darby, New Zealand Comedian

• 1974 – Edsel Dope, American singer (Dope)

• 1975 – Fabricio Oberto, Argentine basketball player

• 1975 – Justin Pierce, British actor (d. 2000)

• 1975 – Vitaly Potapenko, Ukrainian basketball player

• 1975 – Mark Williams, Welsh snooker player

• 1978 – Nick Baines, English keyboardist for rock band Kaiser Chiefs

• 1978 – Charmaine Dragun, Australian news anchor (d. 2007)

• 1978 – Kevin Federline, American dancer/hip hop artist

• 1978 – Cristian Guzmán, Dominican baseball player

• 1978 – Rani Mukherjee, Indian actress

• 1980 – Marit Bjørgen, Norwegian cross-country skier

• 1980 – Ronaldinho Gaucho, Brazilian international footballer

• 1980 – Deryck Whibley, Canadian guitarist and singer (Sum41)

• 1980 – Lee Jin, South Korean actress

• 1982 – Aaron Hill, American baseball player

• 1982 – Colin Turkington, British racing driver

• 1982 – Jocie Kok, Chinese-Singaporean female singer

• 1985 – Ryan Callahan, American hockey player

• 1985 – Adrian Peterson, American Football player

• 1988 – Lee Cattermole, English footballer

• 1989 – Takeru Satoh, Japanese actor

• 1989 – Rochelle Wiseman, British singer (The Saturdays)

• 1990 – Mandy Capristo, German Singer (Monrose)

• 1991 – Luke Chapman, English footballer

• 2004 – Count Claus-Casimir of Orange-Nassau, Jonkheer van Amsberg

Deaths

• 1063 – Blessed Richeza of Lotharingia, venerated in Roman Catholicism, wife of King Mieszko II of Poland

• 1076 – Robert I, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1011)

• 1181 – Taira Kiyomori, Japanese Feudal general (b. 1118)

• 1306 – Robert II, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1248)

• 1487 – Nicholas of Flue, Swiss hermit and saint (b. 1417)

• 1556 – Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury (burned at the stake) (b. 1489)

• 1617 – Pocahontas, Native American, daughter of Powhatan (b. c.1595)

• 1656 – James Ussher, Irish Anglican archbishop (b. 1581)

• 1676 – Henri Sauval, French historian (b. 1623)

• 1729 – John Law, Scottish economist (b. 1671)

• 1734 – Robert Wodrow, Scottish historian (b. 1679)

• 1751 – Johann Heinrich Zedler, German publisher (b. 1706)

• 1762 – Nicolas Louis de Lacaille, French astronomer (b. 1713)

• 1772 – Jacques-Nicolas Bellin, French cartographer (b. 1703)

• 1795 – Giovanni Arduino, Italian geologist (b. 1714)

• 1801 – Andrea Luchesi, Italian composer (b. 1741)

• 1804 – Louis-Antoine-Henri de Bourbon-Condé (executed) (b. 1772)

• 1843 – Robert Southey, English poet (b. 1774)

• 1843 – Guadalupe Victoria, first President of Mexico (b. 1786)

• 1850 – Miguel Pedrorena, American settler

• 1863 – Edwin Vose Sumner, American Civil War general (b. 1797)

• 1881 – Samuel Courtauld, American-born textile magnate (b. 1793)

• 1884 – Ezra Abbot, American bible scholar (b. 1819)

• 1910 – Nadar, French photographer (b. 1820)

• 1915 – Frederick Winslow Taylor, American inventor (b. 1856)

• 1934 – Franz Schreker, Austrian composer (b. 1878)

• 1936 – Alexander Glazunov, Russian composer (b. 1865)

• 1945 – Artur Nebe, German SS officer (b. 1894)

• 1951 – Willem Mengelberg, Dutch conductor (b. 1871)

• 1958 – Cyril M. Kornbluth, American writer (b. 1923)

• 1970 – Manolis Chiotis, Greek songwriter and musician (b. 1920)

• 1975 – Joe Medwick, baseball player (b. 1911)

• 1980 – Peter Stoner, American mathematician, astronomer and Christian apologist (b. 1888)

• 1980 – Angelo Bruno, American mobster (b. 1910)

• 1984 – Shauna Grant, American actress (suicide) (b. 1963)

• 1985 – Sir Michael Redgrave, English actor (b. 1908)

• 1987 – Dean Paul Martin, American musician (b. 1951)

• 1987 – Robert Preston, American actor (b. 1918)

• 1991 – Leo Fender, American guitar manufacturer (b. 1909)

• 1992 – John Ireland, Canadian film actor and director (b. 1914)

• 1992 – Natalie Sleeth, American composer (b. 1930)

• 1994 – Macdonald Carey, American actor (b. 1913)

• 1994 – Dack Rambo, American actor (b. 1941)

• 1994 – Lili Damita, French actress (b. 1904)

• 1997 – W. V. Awdry, English children's writer (b. 1911)

• 1998 – Galina Ulanova, Russian prima ballerina assoluta (b. 1910)

• 1999 – Ernie Wise, British comedian (b. 1925)

• 2001 – Chung Ju-yung, Korean industrialist (b. 1915)

• 2001 – Norma MacMillan, Canadian voice actress (b. 1921)

• 2001 – Anthony Steel, English actor (b. 1920)

• 2002 – Herman Talmadge, American politician (b. 1913)

• 2003 – Umar Wirahadikusumah, Fourth Vice President of Indonesia (b. 1924)

• 2004 – Ludmilla Tchérina, French ballet dancer and actress (b. 1924)

• 2005 – Barney Martin, American actor (b. 1923)

• 2005 – Bobby Short, American singer (b. 1924)

• 2007 – Drew Hayes, American writer & graphic artist (b. 1969)

• 2007 – Sven O. Høiby, the father of Crown Princess Mette-Marit of Norway (b. 1936)

• 2007 – Kevin Whitrick, first British man to commit suicide on a live chatroom (b. 1964)

• 2008 – Guillermo Jullian de la Fuente, Chilean architect (b. 1931)

• 2009 – Walt Poddubny, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1960)

Holidays and observances

• Astrology: First day of star sign Aries. (International Astrology Day)

• Traditional date of vernal equinox, used for reckoning Easter. The real equinox varies between years.

• Persian (Iranian) New Year's Day (Nowruz): (also celebrated in many other countries of Asia) Iranian calendar

• Naw-Rúz – Holy day for adherents of the Bahá'í Faith and first day of the Bahá'í calendar.

• Bahá'í Faith – End of the 19-day sunrise-to-sunset fast

• Bahá'í calendar- The first day of the first month, the month of Splendor

• Japan: Vernal Equinox Day (public holiday)

• China: Chunfen

• Namibia: Independence Day

• Australia: Harmony Day

• Poland: Truant's Day

• South Africa: Human Rights Day

• Benito Juárez Day, a Fiesta Patria in Mexico

• The third day of Quinquatria in ancient Rome, held in honor of Minerva

• Ostara – Neopagan festival of Ostara.

• World Poetry Day – UNESCO

• International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination – United Nations

• World Down Syndrome Day

• Mother's Day in most of the Arab World.

• St. Nicholas of Flue