Events

• 1279 – A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China.

• 1687 – Explorer Robert Cavelier de La Salle, searching for the mouth of the Mississippi River, is murdered by his own men.

• 1853 – The Taiping reform movement occupies and makes Nanjing its capital until 1864.

• 1861 – The First Taranaki War ends in New Zealand.

• 1863 – The , said to have been the most powerful Confederate cruiser, is destroyed on her maiden voyage with a cargo of munitions, medicines and merchandise then valued at over $1,000,000.

• 1865 – American Civil War: The Battle of Bentonville begins. By the end of the battle two days later, Confederate forces had retreated from Four Oaks, North Carolina.

• 1866 – Hurricane causes major damages in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

• 1915 – Pluto is photographed for the first time but is not recognized as a planet.

• 1916 – Eight American planes take off in pursuit of Pancho Villa, the first United States air-combat mission in history.

• 1918 – The U.S. Congress establishes time zones and approves daylight saving time.

• 1920 – The United States Senate rejects the Treaty of Versailles for the second time (the first time was on November 19, 1919).

• 1921 – Italian Fascists shoot from the Parenzana train at a group of children in Strunjan (Slovenia): two children are killed, two mangled and three wounded.

• 1931 – Gambling is legalized in Nevada.

• 1932 – The Sydney Harbour Bridge is opened.

• 1941 – World War II: The 99th Pursuit Squadron also known as the Tuskegee Airmen, the first all-black unit of the Army Air Corp, is activated.

• 1943 – Frank Nitti, the Chicago Outfit Boss after Al Capone, commits suicide at the Chicago Central Railyard.

• 1944 – World War II: Nazi forces occupy Hungary.

• 1945 – World War II: Off the coast of Japan, a dive bomber hits the aircraft carrier , killing 724 of her crew. Badly damaged, the ship is able to return to the U.S. under her own power.

• 1945 – World War II: Adolf Hitler issues his "Nero Decree" ordering all industries, military installations, shops, transportation facilities and communications facilities in Germany to be destroyed.

• 1946 – French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Réunion become overseas départements of France.

• 1954 – Joey Giardello knocks out Willie Tory in round seven at Madison Square Garden in the first televised prize boxing fight shown in color.

• 1954 – Willie Mosconi sets the world record by running 526 consecutive balls without a miss during a straight pool exhibition at East High Billiard Club in Springfield, Ohio. The record still stands today.

• 1958 – The Monarch Underwear Company fire leaves 24 dead and 15 injured.

• 1962 – Algerian War of Independence: A ceasefire takes effect.

• 1965 – The wreck of the , valued at over $50,000,000 and said to have been the most powerful Confederate cruiser, is discovered by then teenage diver and pioneer underwater archaeologist E. Lee Spence exactly 102 years after its destruction.

• 1966 – Texas Western becomes the first college basketball team to win the Final Four with an all-black starting lineup.

• 1969 – The tall TV-mast at Emley Moor, United Kingdom, collapses due to ice build- up.

• 1972 – India and Bangladesh sign a friendship treaty.

• 1978 – UN Security Council Resolution 425 is passed, calling upon Israel immediately to cease its military action and withdraw its forces from all Lebanese territory (Operation Litani), and establishing the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL).

• 1979 – The United States House of Representatives begins broadcasting its day-to-day business via the cable television network C-SPAN.

• 1982 – Falklands War: Argentinian forces land on South Georgia Island, precipitating war with the United Kingdom.

• 1987 – Televangelist Jim Bakker resigns as head of the PTL Club due to a brewing sex scandal; he hands over control to Jerry Falwell.

• 1989 – The Egyptian Flag is raised on Taba, Egypt announcing the end of the Israeli occupation after the Yom Kippur War in 1973 and the Peace negotiations in 1979.

• 2002 – U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: Operation Anaconda ends (started on March 2) after killing 500 Taliban and al Qaeda fighters with 11 allied troop fatalities.

• 2002 – Zimbabwe is suspended from the Commonwealth on charges of human rights abuses and of election tampering, following a turbulent presidential election.

• 2004 – Äänekoski bus disaster: A semi-trailer truck and a bus crash head-on in Äänekoski, Finland. 24 people are killed and 13 injured.

• 2004 – A Swedish DC-3 shot down by a Russian MiG-15 in 1952 over the Baltic Sea is finally recovered after years of work. The remains of the three crewmen are left in place, pending further investigations.

• 2004 – 3-19 Shooting Incident: Taiwanese president Chen Shui-bian is shot just before the country's presidential election on March 20.

• 2008 – GRB 080319B: A cosmic burst that is the farthest object visible to the naked eye is briefly observed on this day.

Births

• 1434 – Ashikaga Yoshikatsu, Japanese shogun (d. 1443)

• 1488 – Johannes Magnus, last Catholic Archbishop of Sweden (d. 1544)

• 1534 – José de Anchieta, Spanish Jesuit missionary to Brazil (d. 1597)

• 1590 – William Bradford, Pilgrim and First Governor of the Plymouth Colony (d. 1657)

• 1593 – Georges de la Tour, French artist (d. 1652)

• 1684 – Jean Astruc, French physician and scholar (d. 1766)

• 1721 – Tobias Smollett, Scottish novelist (d. 1771)

• 1734 – Thomas McKean, American lawyer and signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1817)

• 1739 – Charles-François Lebrun, duc de Plaisance, Third Consul of France (d. 1824)

• 1742 – Tupac Amaru II, Incan revolutionary (d. 1781)

• 1749 – Princess Louisa of Great Britain (d. 1768)

• 1778 – Edward Pakenham, British general (d. 1815)

• 1813 – David Livingstone, Scottish missionary and explorer (d. 1873)

• 1821 – Richard Francis Burton, British explorer, diplomat and author (d. 1890)

• 1823 – Princess Adelgunde of Bavaria (d. 1914)

• 1824 or 1828 – William Allingham, Irish author (d. 1889)

• 1829 – Carl Frederik Tietgen, Danish financier and industrialist (d. 1901)

• 1848 – Wyatt Earp, American policeman and gunfighter (d. 1929)

• 1849 – Alfred von Tirpitz, German World War I Admiral (d. 1930)

• 1851 – William Henry Stark, American business leader (d. 1936)

• 1860 – William Jennings Bryan, 41st United States Secretary of State (d. 1925)

• 1861 – Lomer Gouin, Quebec politician (d. 1929)

• 1864 – Charles Marion Russell, American artist (d. 1926)

• 1865 – William Morton Wheeler, American entomologist, myrmecologist, pioneer in ethology (d. 1937)

• 1871 – Schofield Haigh, British cricketer (d. 1921)

• 1873 – Max Reger, German composer (d. 1916)

• 1883 – Walter Haworth, British chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1950)

• 1883 – Joseph Stilwell, U.S. general (d. 1946)

• 1888 – Josef Albers, German artist (d. 1976)

• 1888 – Léon Scieur, Belgian cyclist (d. 1969)

• 1891 – Earl Warren, 14th Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1974)

• 1892 – James Van Fleet, American general (d. 1992)

• 1893 – Augusto Cesar Sandino, Nicaraguan revolutionary (d. 1934)

• 1894 – Moms Mabley, American comedian (d. 1975)

• 1900 – Frédéric Joliot, French physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 1958)

• 1904 – John Sirica, American judge (d. 1992)

• 1905 – Albert Speer, Nazi official (d. 1981)

• 1906 – Adolf Eichmann, Nazi official (d. 1962)

• 1909 – Louis Hayward, British actor (d. 1985)

• 1909 – Attilio Demaria, Argentinian footballer (d. 1990)

• 1910 – Joseph F. Carroll, US Air Force Lt. Gen. and Founding Director, Defense Intelligence Agency (d. 1991)

• 1914 – Leonidas Alaoglu, Greek-Canadian mathematician (d. 1981)

• 1914 – Jay Berwanger, American football player (d. 2002)

• 1914 – Fred Clark, American film actor (d. 1968)

• 1915 – Robert G. Cole, American Paratrooper of the 101st, 502nd division (d. 1944)

• 1916 – Eric Christmas, British actor (d. 2000)

• 1916 – Irving Wallace, American novelist (d. 1990)

• 1917 – Dinu Lipatti, Romanian pianist (d. 1950)

• 1917 – Laszlo Szabo, Hungarian chess player (d. 1998)

• 1920 – Tige Andrews, American actor (d. 2007)

• 1920 – Kjell Aukrust, Norwegian author (d. 2002)

• 1921 – Tommy Cooper, Welsh comedy magician (d. 1984)

• 1923 – Pamela Britton, American actress (d. 1974)

• 1923 – Henry Morgentaler, Canadian gynecologist

• 1924 – Mary Wimbush, British actress (d. 2005)

• 1924 – Joe Gaetjens, Haitian-American footballer (d. c. 1964)

• 1925 – Brent Scowcroft, US National Security Advisor

• 1927 – Richie Ashburn, American baseball player (d. 1997)

• 1928 – Hans Küng, Swiss theologian

• 1928 – Patrick McGoohan, American-born actor (d. 2009)

• 1930 – Ornette Coleman, American saxophonist

• 1932 – Gay Brewer, American golfer (d. 2007)

• 1933 – Philip Roth, American author

• 1933 – Renée Taylor, American actress

• 1936 – Ursula Andress, Swiss actress

• 1936 – Birthe Wilke, Danish singer

• 1937 – Clarence "Frogman" Henry, American musician

• 1937 – Egon Krenz, President of East Germany

• 1939 – Joe Kapp, American football player

• 1942 – Richard Dobson, American singer and songwriter

• 1943 – Mario J. Molina, Mexican chemist, Nobel laureate

• 1943 – Mario Monti, Italian politician

• 1943 – Vern Schuppan, Australian racing driver

• 1944 – Said Musa, Prime Minister of Belize

• 1944 – Sirhan Sirhan, Palestinian-born assassin

• 1945 – Stefanos Kiriakidis, Greek actor

• 1946 – Paul Atkinson, British musician (The Zombies) (d. 2004)

• 1946 – Bigas Luna, Spanish film director

• 1946 – Ruth Pointer, American singer (Pointer Sisters)

• 1947 – Glenn Close, American actress

• 1947 – Marinho Peres, Brazilian football player

• 1948 – Vincent van der Bijl, former South African cricketer

• 1952 – Harvey Weinstein, American film producer

• 1952 – Warren Lees, New Zealand Test wicket-keeper

• 1953 – Billy Sheehan, American musician (Mr. Big)

• 1953 – Ricky Wilson, American musician (The B-52's) (d. 1985)

• 1954 – Indu Shahani, Indian educationist and Sheriff of Mumbai

• 1955 – Bruce Willis, American actor

• 1955 – Simon Yam, Hong Kong actor

• 1956 – Yegor Gaidar, Russian politician and economist.

• 1958 – Andy Reid, NFL Head Coach (Philadelphia Eagles)

• 1959 – Terry Hall, British singer

• 1961 – Jos Lansink, Dutch-Belgian equestrian

• 1960 – Eliane Elias, Brazilian jazz musician and composer

• 1962 – Ivan Calderón, Puerto Rican baseball player (d. 2003)

• 1962 – Jim Korderas, American professional wrestling referee

• 1964 – Yoko Kanno, Japanese composer

• 1964 – Jake Weber, British actor

• 1966 – Andy Sinton, English footballer

• 1966 – James "Big Jim" Wright, American record producer

• 1967 – Vladimir Konstantinov, Russian ice hockey player

• 1967 – Mary Scheer, American actress and comedian

• 1968 – Mots'eoa Senyane, Lesotho diplomat

• 1968 – Tyrone Hill, American basketball player

• 1969 – Gary Jules, American singer and songwriter

• 1969 – Connor Trinneer, American actor

• 1969 – Tom McRae, British singer and songwriter

• 1971 – Nadja Auermann, German supermodel

• 1971 – Sébastien Godefroid, Belgian sailor

• 1973 – Simmone Jade Mackinnon, Australian actress

• 1973 – Bun B, American Rapper (UGK)

• 1974 – Vida Guerra, Cuban-American swimsuit model

• 1974 – Marcel Tiemann, German racing driver

• 1975 – Vivian Hsu, Taiwanese singer, actress and model

• 1975 – Brann Dailor, American drummer

• 1975 – Matthew Richardson, Australian rules footballer

• 1975 – Antonio Daniels, American basketball player

• 1976 – Zach Lind – American drummer (Jimmy Eat World)

• 1976 – Andre Miller, American basketball player

• 1976 – Rachel Blanchard, Canadian actress

• 1976 – Alessandro Nesta, Italian footballer

• 1977 – Jorma Taccone, American writer and comedian

• 1979 – Hee-Seop Choi, Korean baseball player

• 1979 – Ivan Ljubičić, Croatian tennis player

• 1979 – Christos Patsatzoglou, Greek footballer

• 1979 – Hedo Türkoğlu, Turkish basketball player

• 1980 – Mikuni Shimokawa, Japanese singer

• 1980 – Don Sparrow, Canadian illustrator

• 1981 – Kim Rae Won, South Korean actor and model

• 1981 – Kolo Touré, Ivorian footballer

• 1982 – Brad Jones, Australian footballer

• 1982 – Matt Littler, British actor

• 1982 – Jonathan Fanene, American football player

• 1983 – Ana Rezende, Brazilian film director and musician (CSS)

• 1983 – Matt Sydal, American professional wrestler

• 1984 – Tanushree Dutta, Indian actress

• 1985 – E. J. Viso, Venezuelan racing driver

• 1987 – Michal Švec, Czech footballer

• 1988 – Clayton Kershaw, American baseball player

• 1989 – Craig Lamar Traylor, American actor

• 1993 – Munro Chambers, Canadian actor

• 1999 – Tatum McCann, American actress

• 2007 – Prince Abdullah bin Ali, Prince of Jordan

Deaths

• 1238 – Duke Henry I of Poland (b. 1163)

• 1263 – Hugh of St Cher, French cardinal

• 1279 – Emperor Bing of Song China (b. 1271)

• 1286 – King Alexander III of Scotland (b. 1241)

• 1330 – Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent, English politician (b. 1301)

• 1406 – Ibn Khaldun, Arab historian (b. 1332)

• 1623 – Uesugi Kagekatsu, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1556)

• 1637 – Péter Pázmány, Hungarian cardinal and statesman (b. 1570)

• 1649 – Gerhard Johann Vossius, German classical scholar and theologian (b. 1577)

• 1683 – Thomas Killigrew, English dramatist (b. 1612)

• 1687 – Robert Cavelier de La Salle, French explorer (b. 1643)

• 1697 – Nicolaus Bruhns, German organist and composer (b. 1665)

• 1711 – Thomas Ken, English bishop and hymn-writer (b. 1637)

• 1717 – John Campbell, 1st Earl of Breadalbane and Holland, Scottish royalist (b. 1636)

• 1721 – Pope Clement XI (b. 1649)

• 1783 – Frederick Cornwallis, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1713)

• 1796 – Hugh Palliser, British naval officer and administrator (b. 1722)

• 1816 – Philip Mazzei, Italian physician (b. 1730)

• 1871 – Wilhelm Karl Ritter von Haidinger, Austrian mineralogist (b. 1795)

• 1897 – Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie, French geographer (b. 1810)

• 1900 – John Bingham, American politician and lawyer (b. 1815)

• 1900 – Charles-Louis Hanon, French composer (b. 1819)

• 1914 – Giuseppe Mercalli, Italian volcanologist (b. 1850)

• 1916 – Vasily Surikov, Russian painter (b. 1848)

• 1930 – Arthur Balfour, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1848)

• 1939 – Lloyd L. Gaines, American civil rights activist

• 1942 – Clinton Hart Merriam, American zoologist (b. 1855)

• 1943 – Frank Nitti, American gangster (b. 1883)

• 1944 – William Hale Thompson, American mayor of Chicago (b. 1869)

• 1945 – Friedrich Fromm, German Nazi official (b. 1888)

• 1950 – Edgar Rice Burroughs, American author (b. 1875)

• 1950 – Walter Haworth, British chemist, Nobel laureate (b. 1883)

• 1974 – Anne Klein, American fashion designer (b. 1923)

• 1974 – Edward Platt, American actor (b. 1916)

• 1976 – Albert Dieudonné, French actor and novelist (b. 1889)

• 1976 – Paul Kossoff, English guitarist (Free) (b. 1950)

• 1978 – Gaston Julia, French mathematician (b. 1893)

• 1979 – Richard Beckinsale, English actor (b. 1947)

• 1982 – Randy Rhoads, American guitarist (Quiet Riot, Ozzy Osbourne) (b. 1956)

• 1984 – Garry Winogrand, American photographer (b. 1928)

• 1987 – Louis, 7th duc de Broglie, French physicist, Nobel laureate (b. 1892)

• 1989 – Alan Civil, English French horn player (b. 1929)

• 1990 – Andrew Wood, American singer (Mother Love Bone) (b. 1966)

• 1992 – Cesare Danova, American television and film actor (b. 1926)

• 1995 – Yasuo Yamada, Japanese voice actor (b. 1932)

• 1997 – Willem de Kooning, Dutch-born painter (b. 1904)

• 1999 – Tofilau Eti Alesana, former Prime Minister of Samoa (b. 1924)

• 1999 – Jaime Sabines, Mexican poet (b. 1926)

• 2001 – Charles K. Johnson, President of the Flat Earth Society (b. 1924)

• 2003 – Michael Mathias Prechtl, German illustrator (b. 1926)

• 2003 – Émile Genest, Canadian actor (b. 1921)

• 2004 – Mitchell Sharp, Canadian politician (b. 1911)

• 2005 – John De Lorean, American automobile engineer (b. 1925)

• 2007 – Calvert DeForest, American actor (b. 1921)

• 2007 – Luther Ingram, American soul singer and songwriter (b. 1937)

• 2008 – Sir Arthur C. Clarke, English science fiction author and inventor (b. 1917)

• 2008 – Raghuvaran, Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam actor (b. 1948)

• 2008 – Hugo Claus, Belgian writer (b. 1929)

• 2009 – Ion Dolănescu, Romanian singer and politician (b. 1944)

Holidays and observances

• The first day of Quinquatria in ancient Rome, held in honor of Minerva.

• The swallows return to Mission San Juan Capistrano in California.

• Saint Joseph's Day-Roman Catholicism and Church of England

• * Alternative Father's Day in Spain, Portugal, Belgium, Italy

• *Las Fallas in Valencia, Spain.

• Mojoday (Discordianism)