:See Also:List of Austrian consorts
This is a list of margraves, dukes, archdukes, and emperors of Austria. The territory was ruled by the Babenberg family until 1246 and by the Habsburg family from 1282 to 1918.

Note that names are spelled different from their original, mostly German, spellings:
Henry (Heinrich), Adalbert (Albert or Albrecht), Ernest (Ernst), Frederick (Friedrich), Herman (Hermann), Ottokar (spelled in Bohemian Otakar), Wenceslas (Wenzeslaus, Vaclaw, Wladislaw or Wenzel), Rudolph (Rudolf), William (Wilhelm), Charles (German Karl, or ).

Margraves of Austria

The March of Austria, also known as Marcha Orientalis, was first formed in 976 out of the lands that had once been the March of Pannonia in Carolingian times. The oldest attestation dates back to 996, where the written name "ostarrichi" occurs in a document transferring land in present-day Austria to a Bavarian monastery.

Babenberg Dynasty

|width=auto| Leopold I
(Luitpold I., der Erlauchte)
976–994
| | c. 940
| Richardis of Sualafeldgau
nine children
| 10 July 994
Würzburg
aged about 54
|-
|width=auto| Henry I the Strong
(Heinrich I., der Starke)
994–1018
| | late 10th century
son of Leopold I and Richardis of Sualafeldgau
| never married
| 23 June 1018
|-
|width=auto| Adalbert the Victorious
(Adalbert der Siegreiche)
1018–1055
| | c.985
son of Leopold I and Richardis of Sualafeldgau
| (1) Glismod of West-Saxony
two children
(2) Frozza Orseolo
no issue
| 26 May 1055Melk
aged about 70
|-
|width=auto| Ernest the Brave
(Ernst, der Tapfere)
1055–1075
| 100px
| c.1027
son of Adalbert and Glismod of West-Saxony
| (1) Adelaide von Eilenburg
1060
three children
(2) Swanhilde von der Ungarnmark
1072
no issue
| 10 June 1075
aged about 48
|-
|width=auto| Leopold II the Fair
(Luitpold II., der Schöne)
1075-1095
| 100px
| c.1050
son of Ernest and Adelaide von Eilenburg
| Ida of Cham
1065
eight children
| 12 October 1095
aged about 45
|-
|width=auto| Leopold III the Good
(Luitpold III., der Heilige)
1095–1136
| 100px
| c.1073
Melk
son of Leopold II and Ida of Cham
| (1) Maria of Perg
one son
(2) Agnes of Germany
1106
eighteen children
| 15 November 1136
Vienna
aged about 63
|-
|width=auto| Leopold IV the Generous
(Luitpold IV., der Freigiebige)
1136–1141
| 100px
| c.1108
son of Leopold III and Agnes of Germany
| Maria of Bohemia
28 September 1138
no issue
| 18 October 1141
Niederalteich
aged about 33
|-
|width=auto| Henry II Jasomirgott
(Heinrich II., Jasomirgott)
1141–1156
| 100px
| c.1107
son of Leopold III and Agnes of Germany
| (1) Gertrude of Süpplingenburg
1 May 1142
one daughter
(2) Theodora Komnene
1148
three children
| 13 January 1177
aged about 70
|-
|}

Dukes of Austria

In 1156, the Privilegium Minus elevated the march to a Duchy, independent of the Duchy of Bavaria.

Babenberg Dynasty

|width=auto| Henry II Jasomirgott
(Heinrich II., Jasomirgott)
1156-1177
| 100px
| c.1107
son of Leopold III and Agnes of Germany
| (1) Gertrude of Süpplingenburg
1 May 1142
one daughter
(2) Theodora Komnene
1148
three children
| 13 January 1177
aged about 70
|-
|width=auto| Leopold V the Virtuous
(Luitpold V., der Tugendhafte)
1177-1194
| 100px
| c.1157
son of Henry II and Theodora Komnene
| Helena of Hungary
1174
four children
| 31 December 1194
Graz
aged about 37
|-
|width=auto| Frederick I the Catholic
(Friedrich I., der Katolische)
1195-1198
| 100px
| c.1175
son of Leopold V and Helena of Hungary
| never married
| 16 April 1198
Palestine
aged about 23
|-
|width=auto| Leopold VI the Glorious
(Luitpold VI., der Glorreiche)
1198-1230
| 100px
| c.1176
son of Leopold V and Helena of Hungary
| Theodora Angelina
1203
seven children
| 28 July 1230
San Germano
aged about 54
|-
|width=auto| Frederick II the Quarrelsome
(Friedrich II., der Streitbare)
1230-1246
| 100px
| 25 April 1211
Wiener Neustadt
son of Leopold VI and Theodora Angelina
| (1) Sophia Laskarina
no issue
(2) Agnes of Merania
1229
no issue
| 15 June 1246
Leitha
aged 35
|-
|}

Interregnum

After Frederick's death, the succession of the Duchy was disputed between various claimants:

• Vladislaus, son of Wenceslaus I of Bohemia, claimant 1246-1247

He married Frederick's niece Gertrude of Austria in 1247 and was acclaimed by the nobility as the future Duke but died soon afterwards.

• Herman VI, Margrave of Baden, claimant 1248-1250

He married Gertrude after Vladislav's death but was rejected by the Austrian estates and could not establish his rule.

• Frederick I, Margrave of Baden, claimant 1250-1268, son of Herman and Gertrude

• Přemysl Ottokar II, son of Wenceslaus I of Bohemia, and later King of Bohemia, claimant 1251-1278

Wenceslaus invaded Austria in 1250 and installed his son as governor. Ottokar was acclaimed by the nobility as Duke in 1251 and married Duke Frederick II's sister Margaret in 1252. In 1260 he was invested as Duke by King Richard of Cornwall, King of Germany.

Habsburg Dynasty

In 1278, Rudolph I, King of Germany, defeated Ottokar and took control of Austria. In 1282 he invested his sons with the Duchies of Austria and Styria, thereby securing it for the Habsburg dynasty.

|width=auto| Albert I of Habsburg
1282-1308
| 100px
| July 1255
Vienna
third son of Rudolph I and Gertrude of Hohenburg
| Elisabeth of Gorizia-TyrolVienna
20 December 1274
12 children
| 1 May 1308
Windisch
aged 52
|-
|width=auto| Rudolph II the Debonair
1282-1283
| 90px
| July 1270
Rheinfelden
third son of Rudolph I and Gertrude of Hohenburg
| Agnes of BohemiaPrague
March 1289
one son
| 10 May 1290
Prague
aged 20
|-
|width=auto| Rudolph III the Good
1298-1307
| 100px
| c. 1281
Vienna
eldest son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol
| (1) Blanche of France
25 May 1300
one daughter
(2) Elisabeth Richeza of Poland
16 October 1306
no issues
| 3/4 July 1307
Horažďovice
aged 26
|-
|width=auto| Frederick I the Fair
1308-1330
| 100px
| c. 1289
Vienna
second son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol
| Isabella of AragonRavensburg
11 May 1315
three children
| 13 January 1330
Gutenstein
aged 41
|-
|width=auto| Leopold I the Glorious
1308-1326
| 100px
| 4 August 1290
Vienna
third son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol
| Catherine of SavoyBasel
26 May 1315
two daughters
| 28 February 1326
Strassburg
aged 35
|-
|width=auto| Albert II the Wise
1330-1358
| 100px
| 12 December 1298
Habsburg
fourth son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol
| Johanna of PfirtVienna
15 February 1324
six children
| 16 August 1358
Vienna
aged 59
|-
|width=auto| Otto I the Merry
1330-1339
| 100px
| 23 July 1301
Vienna
seventh son of Albert I and Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol
| (1) Elisabeth of BavariaStraubing
15 May 1325
two sons
(2) Anne of BohemiaZnaim
16 February 1335
no issues
| 17 February 1339
Neuberg an der Mürz
aged 37
|-
|width=auto| Frederick II
1339-1344
| 90px
| 10 February 1327
Austria
eldest son of Otto I and Elisabeth of Bavaria
| never married
| 11 December 1344
Austria
aged 17
|-
|width=auto| Leopold II
1339-1344
| 90px
| c. 1328
Austria
second son of Otto I and Elisabeth of Bavaria
| never married
| 10 August 1344
Austria
aged 16
|-
|width=auto| Rudolph IV the Founder
1358-1365
| 100px
| 1 November 1339
Vienna
eldest son of Albert II and Johanna of Pfirt
| Catherine of BohemiaVienna
13 July 1356
no issues
| 27 July 1365
Milan
aged 25
|-
|}

Archdukes of Austria

House of Habsburg

The Privilegium Maius, fabricated by Rudolf in 1359, attempted to invest the Dukes of Austria with the special position of an Archduke. This title was frequently used by Ernest the Iron and other Dukes but not recognized by other princes of the Holy Roman Empire until Frederick V became Emperor and confirmed the Privilegium in 1453.

Rudolf was succeeded by his brothers that at first ruled jointly:

|width=auto| Albert III
1365-1379
| 100px
| 9 September 1349
Vienna
third son of Albert II and Johanna of Pfirt
| (1) Elisabeth of BohemiaVienna
after 19 March 1366
no issues
(2) Beatrix of NurembergVienna
4 March 1375
one son
| 29 August 1395
Laxenburg
aged 45
|-
|width=auto| Leopold III
1365-1379
| 100px
| 1 November 1351
Vienna
fourth son of Albert II and Johanna of Pfirt
| Viridis ViscontiVienna
23 February 1365
six children
| 9 July 1386
Sempach
aged 34
|-
|}

Divided Rule

The territories were divided between the brothers and their descendants in the Treaty of Neuberg in 1379:

The Albertinian Line received the Archduchy of Austria, later called Lower Austria (not to be confused with the namesake modern state):

|width=auto| Albert III
1379-1395
| 100px
| 9 September 1349
Vienna
third son of Albert II and Johanna of Pfirt
| (1) Elisabeth of BohemiaVienna
after 19 March 1366
no issues
(2) Beatrix of NurembergVienna
4 March 1375
one son
| 29 August 1395
Laxenburg
aged 45
|-
|width=auto| Albert IV
1395-1404
| 100px
| 19 September 1377
Vienna
only son of Albert III and Beatrix of Nuremberg
| Johanna Sophia of BavariaVienna
24 April 1390
two children
| 14 September 1404
Klosterneuburg
aged 26
|-
|width=auto| Albert V
1404-1439
| 100px
| 16 August 1397
Vienna
only son of Albert IV and Johanna Sophia of Bavaria
| Elisabeth of BohemiaVienna
26 April 1422
three children
| 27 October 1439
Neszmély
aged 42
|-
|width=auto| Ladislaus the Posthumous
1440-1457
| 100px
| 22 February 1440
Komarom
only son of Albert V and Elisabeth of Bohemia
| never married
| 23 November 1457
Prague
aged 17
|-
|}

*Albert V, Duke 1404-1439, also King of Germany (as Albert II), Bohemia and Hungary

The Leopoldinian Line received the Duchies of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola, the County of Tyrol and Further Austria:

|width=auto| Leopold III
1379-1386
| 100px
| 1 November 1351
Vienna
fourth son of Albert II and Johanna of Pfirt
| Viridis ViscontiVienna
23 February 1365
six children
| 9 July 1386
Sempach
aged 34
|-
|width=auto| William I
1386-1406
| 90px
| c. 1370
Vienna
eldest son of Leopold III and Viridis Visconti
| Joan II of NaplesVienna
13 November 1401
no issues
| 15 July 1406
Vienna
aged 36
|-
|width=auto| Leopold IV
1386-1411
| 90px
| c. 1371
Vienna
second son of Leopold III and Viridis Visconti
| Catherine of BurgundyVienna
15 August 1393
no issues
| 3 June 1411
Vienna
aged 40
|-
|width=auto| Ernest
1402-1424
| 100px
| c. 1377
Bruck an der Mur
third son of Leopold III and Viridis Visconti
| (1) Margaret of PomeraniaBruck an der Mur
14 January 1392
no issues
(2) Cymburgis of MasoviaKrakow
25 January 1412
nine children
| 10 June 1424
Bruck an der Mur
aged 47
|-
|width=auto| Frederick IV
1402-1439
| 100px
| c. 1382
?
fourth son of Leopold III and Viridis Visconti
| (1) Elisabeth of the PalatinateInnsbruck
24 December 1407
one daughter
(2) Anna of BrunswickInnsbruck
11 June 1411
four children
| 24 June 1439
Innsbruck
aged 57
|-
|}

In 1406, the Leopoldinian lines split their territories:

• Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, claimed the Austrian territories and occupied Austria proper and Styria. Claiming the title "Duke of Austria", he resided in Vienna from 1485 to his death in 1490.

|width=auto| Matthias Corvinus
1485-1490
Claimant Duke
| 100px
| 23 February 1443
Kolozsvár
second son of John Hunyadi and Elizabeth Szilágyi
| (1) Elizabeth of Celje
?
no issues
(2) Catherine of PoděbradyMatthias Church, Budapest
1 May 1461
no issues
(2) Beatrice of NaplesVienna
15 December 1476
no issues
| 6 April 1490
Vienna
aged 47
|-
|}

Reunited Rule

The Austrian territories were again reunited in 1493.

|width=auto| Maximilian I
1493-1519
| 100px
| 22 March 1459
Wiener Neustadt
second son of Frederick V and Eleanor of Portugal
| (1) Mary of BurgundyGhent
18 August 1477
three children
(2) Anne of BrittanyRennes
18 December 1490
no issues
(3) Bianca Maria SforzaHall in Tirol
16 March 1494
no issues
| 12 January 1519
Wiener Neustadt
aged 59
|-
|width=auto| Charles I
1519-1521
| 100px
| 24 February 1500
Ghent
eldest son of Philip I of Castile and Joanna of Castile
| Isabella of PortugalSeville
10 March 1526
seven children
| 21 September 1558
Yuste
aged 58
|-
|width=auto| Ferdinand I
1521-1564
| 100px
| 10 March 1503
Alcala de Henares
second son of Philip I of Castile and Joanna of Castile
| Anna of Bohemia and HungaryLinz
25 May 1521
fifteen children
| 25 July 1564
Vienna
aged 61
|-
|}

Divided Again

In 1564 the Austrian territories were again divided among Emperor Ferdinand's sons:
Lower Austria (Austria proper) passed to Ferdinand's 1st son Maximilian:

|width=auto| Maximilian II
1564-1576
| 100px
| 31 July 1527
Vienna
eldest son of Ferdinand I and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary
| Maria of SpainValladolid
13 September 1548
sixteen children
| 12 October 1576
Regensburg
aged 49
|-
|width=auto| Rudolph V
1576-1608
| 100px
| 18 July 1552
Vienna
second son of Maximilian II and Maria of Spain
| never married
| 20 January 1612
Prague
aged 59
|-
|width=auto| Matthias
1608-1619
| 100px
| 24 February 1557
Vienna
fourth son of Maximilian II and Maria of Spain
| Anna of TyrolVienna
4 December 1611
no issues
| 20 March 1619
Vienna
aged 62
|-
|}

Rudolf and Matthias died without issue and the territories passed to the descendants of Emperor Ferdinand's 3rd son Charles.

Upper Austria (Tyrol, Further Austria) passed to Emperor Ferdinand's 2nd son Ferdinand:

|width=auto| Ferdinand II
1564-1595
| 100px
| 14 June 1529
Linz
second son of Ferdinand I and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary
| (1) Philippine Welser
ca. 1576
four children
(2) Anne Juliana GonzagaInnsbruck
14 May 1582
three daughter
| 24 January 1595
Innsbruck
aged 65
|-
|}

Ferdinand died without an agnatic heir and his territories passed to the descendants of his brother Maximilian:

|width=auto| Matthias
1595-1619
under regency
of Maximilian III
(1612-1618)
| 100px
| 24 February 1557
Vienna
fourth son of Maximilian II and Maria of Spain
| Anna of TyrolVienna
4 December 1611
no issues
| 20 March 1619
Vienna
aged 62
|-
|width=auto| Maximilian III
1612-1618
as Governor-Archduke
| 100px
| 12 October 1558
Vienna
sixth son of Maximilian II and Maria of Spain
| never married
| 12 October 1558 – 2 November 1618
Vienna
aged 62
|-
|}

Inner Austria ("Inner-Österreich")(Styria, Carinthia and Carniola) passed to Emperor Ferdinand's 3rd son Charles:

|width=auto| Charles II
1564-1590
| 100px
| 3 June 1540
Vienna
fourth son of Ferdinand I and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary
| Maria Anna of BavariaVienna
26 August 1571
fifteen children
| 10 July 1590
Graz
aged 50
|-
|width=auto| Ferdinand III
1590/1619-1637
under regency
of Maximilian III
(1593-1595)
| 100px
| 9 July 1578
Graz
second son of Charles II and Maria Anna of Bavaria
| (1) Maria Anna of BavariaGraz
23 April 1600
seven children
(2) Eleonor GonzagaInnsbruck
2 February 1622
no issues
| 15 February 1637
Vienna
aged 58
|-
|}

In german Articles and Books these Archdukes Names and Titles are normally completed with the Territorial Names of ther Duchy as:
"Charles II of Inner Austria" = "Karl der II. von Inner Österreich"

Reunited and redivided, again

The Austrian territories were reunited again by inheritance in 1619 under Ferdinand III, Archduke of Inner Austria (see Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor), but in 1623 five years into the Thirty Years' War he had so much to do with, Ferdinand divided them yet again, when he made his younger brother Leopold, who had been governor over Upper Austria, Archduke of those territories.
Lower Austria and Inner Austria remained with the elder line (Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor):

|width=auto| Ferdinand III
1590/1619-1637
| 100px
| 9 July 1578
Graz
second son of Charles II and Maria Anna of Bavaria
| (1) Maria Anna of BavariaGraz
23 April 1600
seven children
(2) Eleonor GonzagaInnsbruck
2 February 1622
no issues
| 15 February 1637
Vienna
aged 58
|-
|width=auto| Ferdinand IV
1637-1657
| 100px
| 13 July 1608
Graz
third son of Ferdinand III and Maria Anna of Bavaria
| (1) Maria Anna of SpainVienna
20 February 1631
six children
(2) Maria Leopoldine of AustriaLinz
2 July 1648
one son
(3) Eleanor GonzagaWiener Neustadt
30 April 1651
four children
| 2 April 1657
Vienna
aged 48
|-
|width=auto| Leopold VI
1657-1705
| 100px
| 9 June 1640
Vienna
fourth son of Ferdinand V and Maria Anna of Spain
| (1) Margaret Theresa of SpainVienna
12 December 1666
four children
(2) Claudia Felicitas of AustriaGraz
15 October 1673
two daughter
(3) Eleonor Magdalene of the PalatinatePassau
14 December 1676
eleven children
| 5 May 1705
Vienna
aged 64
|-
|}
Upper Austria passed to the Younger Tyrolean Line:

|width=auto| Leopold V
1623-1632
| 100px
| 9 October 1586
Graz
fifth son of Charles II and Maria Anna of Bavaria
| Claudia de' MediciInnsbruck
19 April 1626
five children
| 13 September 1632
Schwaz
aged 45
|-
|width=auto| Ferdinand Charles
1632-1662
| 100px
| 17 May 1628
Innsbruck
eldest son of Leopold V and Claudia de' Medici
| Anna de' MediciInnsbruck
10 June 1646
two daughter
| 30 December 1662
Kaltern
aged 34
|-
|width=auto| Sigismund Francis
1662-1665
| 100px
| 27 November 1630
Innsbruck
second son of Leopold V and Claudia de' Medici
| Hedwig Augusta of the Palatinate-SulzbachSulzbach
3 June 1665
no issues
| 25 June 1665
Innsbruck
aged 34
|-
|}

After Sigismund Francis died without issue and his territories reverted to the elder line.

The Austrian territories were conclusively reunited in 1665 under:
Upper Austria passed to the Younger Tyrolean Line:

|width=auto| Leopold I
1657/1665-1705
| 100px
| 9 June 1640
Vienna
fourth son of Ferdinand V and Maria Anna of Spain
| (1) Margaret Theresa of SpainVienna
12 December 1666
four children
(2) Claudia Felicitas of AustriaGraz
15 October 1673
two daughter
(3) Eleonor Magdalene of the PalatinatePassau
14 December 1676
eleven children
| 5 May 1705
Vienna
aged 64
|-
|width=auto| Joseph I
1705-1711
| 100px
| 26 July 1678
Vienna
eldest son of Leopold VI and Eleonor Magdalene of the Palatinate
| Wilhelmina Amalia of BrunswickVienna
10 June 1646
three children
| 17 April 1711
Vienna
aged 32
|-
|width=auto| Charles III
1711-1740
| 100px
| 1 October 1685
Vienna
second son of Leopold VI and Eleonor Magdalene of the Palatinate
| Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-WolfenbüttelSanta Maria del Mar, Barcelona
1 August 1708
five children
| 20 October 1740
Vienna
aged 55
|-
|width=auto| Maria Theresa
1740-1780
with Francis I (1740-1765)
Joseph II (1765-1780)
| 100px
| 13 May 1717
Hofburg Imperial Palace
eldest daughter of Charles III and Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
| rowspan="2"| Vienna
12 February 1736
sixteen children
| 29 November 1780
Hofburg Imperial Palace
aged 63
|-
|width=auto| Francis Stephenwith Maria Theresa (1740-1765)
| 100px
| 8 December 1708
Nancy
fourth son of Leopold, Duke of Lorraine and Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans
| 18 August 1765
Innsbruck
aged 56
|-
|}

House of Habsburg-Lorraine

The Austrian branch technically ended in 1780 with the death of Maria Theresa of Austria and was replaced by the Vaudemont branch of the House of Lorraine in the person of her son Joseph II. However, in practice, the new successor house styled itself as Habsburg-Lorraine (Habsburg-Lothringen). All Habsburgs living today are in the stem-line of Maria Theresia and Franz Stephan of Lorraine.

|width=auto| Joseph II
1765-1790
with Maria Theresa (1765-1780)
| 100px
| 13 March 1741
Vienna
eldest son of Francis I and Maria Theresa
| (1) Isabella of ParmaVienna
6 October 1760
two daughter
(2) Maria Josepha of BavariaSchönbrunn
23 January 1765
no issues
| 20 February 1790
Vienna
aged 48
|-
|width=auto| Leopold II
1790–1792
| 100px
| 5 May 1747
Vienna
third son of Francis I and Maria Theresa
| Maria Luisa of SpainInnsbruck
16 February 1764
sixteen children
| 1 March 1792
Vienna
aged 44
|-
|width=auto| Francis II
1792–11 August 1804
| 100px
| 12 February 1768
Florence
eldest son of Leopold VII and Maria Luisa of Spain
| (1) Elisabeth of WürttembergVienna
6 January 1788
one daughter
(2) Maria Theresa of Naples and SicilyVienna
15 September 1790
12 children
(3) Maria Ludovika of Austria-EsteVienna
6 January 1808
no issues
(4) Caroline Augusta of BavariaVienna
29 October 1816
no issues
| 2 March 1835
Vienna
aged 67
|-
|}

Emperors of Austria

In 1804 Francis I adopted the new title Emperor of Austria, but kept the title of Archduke of Austria. In 1806 the Holy Roman Empire was dissolved.

|width=auto| Francis I
11 August 1804–1835
| 100px
| 12 February 1768
Florence
eldest son of Leopold VII and Maria Luisa of Spain
| (1) Elisabeth of WürttembergVienna
6 January 1788
one daughter
(2) Maria Theresa of Naples and SicilyVienna
15 September 1790
12 children
(3) Maria Ludovika of Austria-EsteVienna
6 January 1808
no issues
(4) Caroline Augusta of BavariaVienna
29 October 1816
no issues
| 2 March 1835
Vienna
aged 67
|-
|width=auto| Ferdinand I
1835-1848
| 100px
| 19 April 1793
Vienna
eldest son of Francis II and Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily
| Maria Anna of SavoyVienna
27 February 1831
no issues
| 29 June 1875
Prague
aged 82
|-
|width=auto| Francis Joseph I
1848-1916
| 100px
| 18 August 1830
Schönbrunn Palace
eldest son of Archduke Franz Karl of Austria and Princess Sophie of Bavaria
| Elisabeth of BavariaAugustinerkirche
24 April 1854
four children
| 21 November 1916
Schönbrunn Palace
aged 86
|-
|width=auto| Charles I
1916-12 November 1918
| 100px
| 17 August 1887
Persenbeug-Gottsdorf
eldest son of Archduke Otto Francis of Austria and Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony
| Zita of Bourbon-Parma
Schwarzau Castle
21 October 1911
eight children
| 1 April 1922
Madeira
aged 34
|-
|}

Austrian Republic

In 1918, following the break up of the Habsburg monarchy, the First Austrian Republic was established, but ended with "Anschluß" into the Third Reich from 1938-1945. Following World War II, the Second Austrian Republic was established in 1945, even though Austria remained under the control and protection of Allied and Soviet Forces between 1945-1955.

The current head of state is the President of Austria; however, in practice, the Chancellor of Austria is more important. Every law still needs to be signed by the President however.
Otto von Habsburg (b. 1912), son of Emperor Charles, was the head of the Habsburg house from 1922, but has never reigned. In 2007 he handed the headship to his oldest son Karl Habsburg-Lothringen, Prince Imperial of Austria and Prince Royal of Hungary, who is currently first in the Line of succession to the Austro-Hungarian throne, but without any recognised title.

See also

• Austria

• Austrian Empire

• Habsburg

• Habsburg Monarchy

• Archduchy of Austria

• History of Austria

• Holy Roman Empire