Below is a list of Vietnamese monarchs. Some declared themselves kings (vua/vương) or emperors (hoàng đế). Because Vietnam was a titular tributary state to China, many monarchs sought investiture by the Chinese Court; some did not have this approval (Ho Dynasty) and others did not care to gain the Chinese investiture at all. Many of the Later Lê monarchs were nominal rulers, with the real powers resting on lords who were theoretically loyal to them. Most Vietnamese monarchs are known through their temple names, while the Nguyễn Dynasty is known through their era names.

Hong Bang Dynasty (legendary) (2879 BCE - 257 BCE)

Thuc Dynasty (257 BCE - 207 BCE)

Trieu Dynasty (207 BCE - 111 BCE)

Ngô Dynasty (939-965)

Đinh Dynasty (968-979)

Early Lê Dynasty (980-1009)

Lý Dynasty (1009-1225)

Trần Dynasty (1225-1400)

Hồ Dynasty (1400-1407)

Later Trần Dynasty (1407-1413)

Hậu Lê Dynasty (Lê sơ period, 1428-1527)

Hậu Lê Dynasty (trung hưng period, 1533-1788)

Southern and Northern Dynasties

Southern Dynasty - Later Le Dynasty

Northern Dynasty - Mạc Dynasty (1527-1592)

Reign in Cao Bằng till 1677:

• Mạc Kính Chỉ (1592-1593)

• Mạc Kính Cung (1593-1625)

• Mạc Kính Khoan (1623-1625)

• Mạc Kính Vũ (1638-1677)

Trịnh - Nguyễn Civil War

Lê Emperors

Trịnh Lords (1545-1786)

Nguyễn Lords (1600-1802)

Tây Sơn Dynasty (1778-1802)

Nguyễn Dynasty (1802-1945)

Champa (192-1832)

Funan (1-627)