The
Kingdom of Holland 1806 - 1810 (, ) was set up by
Napoleon Bonaparte as a
puppet kingdom for his third brother,
Louis Bonaparte, in order to better control the
Netherlands. The name of the leading
province,
Holland, was now taken for the whole country. In 1807 Prussian
East Frisia and
Jever were added to the kingdom but in 1809, after an English invasion, Holland had to give over all territories south of the river Rhine to France.
King Louis did not perform to Napoleon's expectations - he tried to serve Dutch interests instead of his brother's - and the kingdom was dissolved in 1810 after which the Netherlands were
annexed by
France until 1813. The kingdom of Holland covered the area of present day Netherlands, with the exception of
Limburg, and parts of
Zeeland, which were French territory.
East Frisia (in present day Germany) was also part of the kingdom.
Coat of Arms
Napoleon's brother Louis Bonaparte was installed as King of Holland on June 5, 1806. Originally the arms of the new kingdom were to be like those of the
Kingdom of Italy: an
eagle bearing a
shield, with the arms of the United Netherlands, the
lion, now royally crowned. In December 1806, A. Renodi in Paris designed arms quartering the
Napoleonic eagle with the lion of the United Netherlands. Around the shield was the French Order of the
Grand Aigle. Behind the shield are crossed
sceptres, typical for Napoleonic heraldry, and above the shield, Napoleon's star. A few months later, on May 20 1807, King Louis (now called "Lodewijk") altered these arms, adding a helmet, letting out his brother’s star and replacing the Grand Aigle with his own Dutch
Order of the Union and the old Dutch devise
Eendracht maakt macht ("strength through unity") around the shield. Exemplary for the innovation in Napoleon's heraldry are the two hands coming out of clouds from behind the shield holding swords, designating King Louis as
Connétable de France.
History
Napoleon felt he did not have enough control over the Netherlands, thus he sent his brother, Louis Napoleon, and made him king. Many citizens were very happy with his arrival, they had feared that the Republic would be incorporated into the French Empire. Louis introduced the
Guilder, and had a Penal Law Code compiled, largely modelled on French law. In 1810 Napoleon convinced Louis to abdicate and annexed the kingdom into the French Empire making the Netherlands, in effect, an integral part of France itself.
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