Events

• 68 – The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba.

• 793 – Vikings raid the abbey at Lindisfarne in Northumbria, commonly accepted as the beginning of the Scandinavian invasion of England.

• 1191 – Richard I arrives in Acre thus beginning his crusade.

• 1405 – Richard le Scrope, Archbishop of York and Thomas Mowbray, Earl of Norfolk, are executed in York on Henry IV's orders.

• 1690 – Siddi general Yadi Sakat, razes the Mazagon Fort in Mumbai.

• 1776 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Trois-Rivières – American attackers are driven back at Trois-Rivières, Quebec.

• 1783 – The volcano Laki, in Iceland, begins an eight-month eruption which kills over 9,000 people and starts a seven-year famine.

• 1789 – James Madison introduces 12 proposed amendments to the United States Constitution in the United States House of Representatives; 10 of them are ratified by the state legislatures and become the Bill of Rights

• 1856 – The community of Pitcairn Islands and descendants of the mutineers of consisting of 194 people arrived on the Morayshire at Norfolk Island commencing the Third Settlement of the Island.

• 1861 – American Civil War: Tennessee secedes from the Union.

• 1862 – American Civil War: Battle of Cross Keys – Confederate forces under General Stonewall Jackson save the Army of Northern Virginia from a Union assault on the James Peninsula led by General George B. McClellan.

• 1887 – Herman Hollerith receives a patent for his punch card calculator.

• 1906 – Theodore Roosevelt signs the Antiquities Act into law, authorizing the President to restrict the use of certain parcels of public land with historical or conservation value.

• 1912 – Carl Laemmle incorporates Universal Pictures.

• 1928 – Second Northern Expedition: The National Revolutionary Army captures Peking, whose name is changed to Beijing.

• 1941 – World War II: Allies invade Syria and Lebanon.

• 1942 – World War II: Japanese imperial submarines I-21 and I-24 shell the Australian cities of Sydney and Newcastle.

• 1948 – Milton Berle hosts the debut of Texaco Star Theater.

• 1949 – Celebrities Helen Keller, Dorothy Parker, Danny Kaye, Fredric March, John Garfield, Paul Muni and Edward G. Robinson are named in an FBI report as Communist Party members.

• 1950 – Sir Thomas Blamey becomes the only Australian-born Field Marshal in Australian history.

• 1953 – Flint-Worcester tornado outbreak sequence: A tornado hits Flint, Michigan, and kills 115. This is the last tornado to claim more than 100 lives.

• 1953 – The United States Supreme Court rules that Washington, D.C. restaurants could not refuse to serve black patrons.

• 1959 – The and United States Postal Service attempt the delivery of mail via Missile Mail.

• 1966 – One of the XB-70 Valkyrie prototypes is destroyed in a mid-air collision with a F-104 Starfighter chase plane during a photo shoot. NASA pilot Joseph A. Walker and United States Air Force test pilot Carl Cross are both killed.

• 1966 – Topeka, Kansas is devastated by a tornado that registers as an "F5" on the Fujita Scale: the first to exceed US$100 million in damages. Sixteen people are killed, hundreds more injured, and thousands of homes damaged or destroyed.

• 1967 – Six-Day War: The USS Liberty incident occurs, killing 34 and wounding 171.

• 1968 – James Earl Ray is arrested for the murder of Martin Luther King, Jr.

• 1968 – The body of assassinated U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy is laid to rest at Arlington National Cemetery.

• 1974 – An F4 tornado strikes Emporia, Kansas, killing six.

• 1984 – Homosexuality is declared legal in the Australia state of New South Wales

• 1984 – An F5 tornado strikes Barneveld, Wisconsin, killing nine, injuring 200, 90% of the town is destroyed.

• 1986 – Kurt Waldheim, former Secretary-General of the United Nations, is elected president of Austria.

• 1987 – New Zealand's Labour government establishes a national nuclear-free zone under the New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament, and Arms Control Act 1987

• 1992 – The first World Ocean Day is celebrated, coinciding with the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

• 1995 – Downed U.S. Air Force pilot Captain Scott O'Grady is rescued by U.S. Marines in Bosnia.

• 1995 – The first release of the PHP programming language is released by Rasmus Lerdorf.

• 2001 – Mamoru Takuma stabs 8 elementary school pupils to death during the Osaka school massacre.

• 2007 – Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia, is hit by the State's worst storms and flooding in 30 years resulting in the death of nine people and the grounding of trade ship, the .

• 2008 – The Akihabara massacre takes place in the Akihabara shopping quarter in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. Tomohiro Katō drives a two-ton truck into a crowded pedestrianised area before leaving the truck and attacking people with a knife, killing seven and injuring ten.

Births

• 1625 – Giovanni Domenico Cassini, Italian scientist (d. 1712)

• 1671 – Tomaso Albinoni, Italian composer (d. 1751)

• 1717 – John Collins, American politician (d. 1795)

• 1724 – John Smeaton, English civil engineer (d. 1794)

• 1743 – Alessandro Cagliostro, Italian adventurer (d. 1795)

• 1745 – Caspar Wessel, Danish mathematician (d. 1818)

• 1757 – Cardinal Ercole Consalvi, Italian Roman Catholic Cardinal (d. 1824)

• 1810 – Robert Schumann, German composer (d. 1856)

• 1831 – Thomas J. Higgins, decorated Union Army soldier (d. 1917)

• 1842 – John Q. A. Brackett, 36^th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1918)

• 1847 – Ida McKinley, First Lady of the United States (d. 1907)

• 1851 – Jacques-Arsène d'Arsonval, French physicist (d. 1940)

• 1854 – Douglas Colin Cameron, Canadian politician (d. 1921)

• 1859 – Smith Wigglesworth, British religious figure (d. 1947)

• 1860 – Alicia Boole Stott, Irish mathematician (d. 1940)

• 1867 – Frank Lloyd Wright, American architect (d. 1959)

• 1872 – Jan Frans De Boever, Belgian painter (d. 1949)

• 1885 – Karl Genzken, Nazi physician (d. 1957)

• 1897 – John G. Bennett, British scientist and author (d. 1974)

• 1901 – Lena Baker, American murderer (d. 1945)

• 1903 – Ralph Yarborough, U.S. Senator from Texas (d. 1996)

• 1903 – Marguerite Yourcenar, French author (d. 1987)

• 1910 – John W. Campbell, American publisher and editor (d. 1971)

• 1910 – Fernand Fonssagrives, French photographer (d. 2003)

• 1911 – Edmundo Rivero, Argentine singer (d. 1986)

• 1912 – Harry Holtzman, American abstract artist (d. 1987)

• 1912 – Maurice Bellemare, French Canadian politician (d. 1989)

• 1916 – Francis Crick, English molecular biologist; Nobel laureate (d. 2004)

• 1916 – Luigi Comencini, Italian film director (d. 2007)

• 1917 – Byron White, American athlete and Supreme Court Justice (d. 2002)

• 1918 – Robert Preston, American actor (d. 1987)

• 1918 – John D. Roberts, American chemist

• 1920 – Gwen Harwood, Australian poet (d. 1995)

• 1921 – LeRoy Neiman, American painter

• 1921 – Alexis Smith, Canadian actress (d. 1993)

• 1921 – Suharto, President of Indonesia (d. 2008)

• 1923 – Malcolm Boyd, American Episcopal Priest and author

• 1924 – Lyn Nofziger, American political operative (d. 2006)

• 1925 – Barbara Bush, First Lady of the United States

• 1925 – Eddie Gaedel, American baseball player (d. 1961)

• 1925 – Del Ennis, baseball player (d. 1996)

• 1927 – Jerry Stiller, American comedian and actor

• 1930 – Robert Aumann, German-born Israeli mathematician; Nobel laureate

• 1930 – Marcel Léger, Quebec politician (d. 1993)

• 1931 – Dana Wynter, German-born American actress

• 1933 – Joan Rivers, American comedian and author

• 1934 – Millicent Martin, English singer and actress

• 1936 – James Darren, American actor and singer

• 1936 – Kenneth G. Wilson, American physicist, Nobel laureate

• 1939 – Bernie Casey, American football player and actor

• 1940 – Nancy Sinatra, American singer

• 1940 – Jim Wickwire, American mountaineer

• 1941 – Robert Bradford, Northern Irish politician (d. 1981)

• 1941 – Fuzzy Haskins, American musician (P Funk)

• 1942 – Nikos Konstantopoulos, Greek politician

• 1942 – Doug Mountjoy, Welsh snooker player

• 1942 – Chuck Negron, American singer (Three Dog Night)

• 1943 – Colin Baker, British actor

• 1943 – William Calley, American war criminal

• 1943 – Willie Davenport, American athlete (d. 2002)

• 1944 – Mark Belanger, American baseball player (d. 1998)

• 1944 – Annie Haslam, English painter and singer (Renaissance)

• 1944 – Marc Ouellet, Archbishop of Quebec City

• 1944 – Boz Scaggs, American singer and songwriter

• 1946 – Alan Scarfe, British-born Canadian actor

• 1947 – Eric F. Wieschaus, American biologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

• 1949 – Emanuel Ax, Polish-born pianist

• 1949 – Jeffrey Mylett, American actor (d. 1986)

• 1950 – Kathy Baker, American actress

• 1950 – Sonia Braga, Brazilian actress

• 1951 – Bonnie Tyler, Welsh singer and guitarist

• 1951 – Tony Rice, American acoustic guitarist

• 1953 – Olav Stedje, Norwegian singer-songwriter

• 1953 – Ad Tak, Dutch cyclist

• 1954 – Sergei Storchak, Russian deputy finance minister

• 1955 – Tim Berners-Lee, English internet developer

• 1955 – Griffin Dunne, American actor

• 1955 – Greg Ginn, American guitarist (Black Flag)

• 1956 – Udo Bullmann, German politician

• 1957 – Scott Adams, American cartoonist

• 1957 – Dimple Kapadia, Indian actress

• 1957 – Don Robinson, American baseball player

• 1958 – Keenen Ivory Wayans, American actor and director

• 1960 – Mick Hucknall, English singer and songwriter (Simply Red)

• 1960 – Thomas Steen, Swedish hockey player

• 1962 – Nick Rhodes, English musician (Duran Duran)

• 1962 – Kristine W, American musician

• 1963 – Keti Garbi, Greek singer

• 1964 – Butch Reynolds, American former 400m runner

• 1965 – Kevin Farley, American actor

• 1965 – Rob Pilatus, German-American singer and dancer (d. 1998)

• 1965 – Chris Chavis, American professional wrestler

• 1966 – Julianna Margulies, American actress

• 1966 – Doris Pearson, singer, Five Star

• 1968 – Rob Ray, Canadian hockey player

• 1969 – J.P. Manoux, American actor

• 1969 – Marcos Siega, American director

• 1969 – David Sutcliffe, Canadian actor

• 1970 – Gabrielle Giffords, American politician

• 1970 – Teresa Strasser, American Morning Radio Host

• 1970 – Seu Jorge, Brazilian musician and actor

• 1970 – Kelli Williams, American actress

• 1970 – Troy Vincent, American footballer

• 1971 – Mark Feuerstein, American actor

• 1972 – Christian Mayrleb, Austrian footballer

• 1973 – Lexa Doig, Canadian actress

• 1973 – Lucija Šerbedžija, Croatian actress

• 1975 – Bryan McCabe, Canadian hockey player

• 1975 – Shilpa Shetty, Indian actress

• 1976 – Lindsay Davenport, American tennis player

• 1976 – Kenji Johjima, Japanese baseball player

• 1977 – Kanye West, American rapper

• 1978 – Maria Menounos, American actress and television host

• 1979 – Pete Orr, Canadian baseball player

• 1979 – Derek Trucks, American guitarist

• 1979 – Luis Ernesto Michel, Mexican footballer

• 1979 – Adine Wilson, New Zealand netball player

• 1981 – Alex Band, American singer (The Calling)

• 1981 – Matteo Meneghello, Italian racing driver

• 1981 – Ai Nonaka, Japanese voice actor

• 1981 – Sara Watkins, American fiddler

• 1981 – Jess Weixler, American actress

• 1982 – Dickson Etuhu, Nigerian footballer

• 1982 – Irina Lazareanu, Romanian/Canadian model

• 1982 – Nadia Petrova, Russian tennis player

• 1983 – Kim Clijsters, Belgian tennis player

• 1983 – Lee Harding, Australian punk rock singer

• 1983 – Pantelis Kapetanos, Greek footballer

• 1983 – Mamoru Miyano, Japanese voice actor

• 1984 – Andrea Casiraghi, Monagasque royalty

• 1984 – Javier Mascherano, Argentine footballer

• 1985 – Alexandre Despatie, Canadian diver

• 1986 – Patrick Kaleta, American hockey player

Deaths

• 218 – Macrinus, Roman Emperor (b. 165)

• 632 – Muhammad, Prophet of Islam (b. 570)

• 1042 – Harthacanute, King of Denmark and England (b. 1018)

• 1376 – Edward, the Black Prince, son of Edward III of England (b. 1330)

• 1383 – Thomas de Ros, 5th Baron de Ros, English Crusader (b. 1338)

• 1384 – Kanami, Japanese actor (b. 1333)

• 1476 – George Neville, English archbishop and statesman (b. 1432)

• 1505 – Hongzhi, Emperor of China (b. 1470)

• 1611 – Jean Bertaut, French poet (b. 1552)

• 1612 – Hans Leo Hassler, German composer (b. 1562)

• 1621 – Anne de Xainctonge, French saint (b. 1567)

• 1628 – Rudolph Goclenius, German philosopher (b. 1547)

• 1714 – Sophia of Hanover, heir to the throne of Great Britain (b. 1630)

• 1716 – Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine (b. 1658)

• 1727 – August Hermann Francke, German Protestant minister (b. 1663)

• 1768 – Johann Joachim Winckelmann, German scholar and archaeologist (b. 1717)

• 1771 – George Montague-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax, English statesman (b. 1716)

• 1795 – King Louis XVII of France (b. 1785)

• 1809 – Thomas Paine, American revolutionary and writer (b. 1737)

• 1835 – Gian Domenico Romagnosi, Italian physicist (b. 1761)

• 1845 – Andrew Jackson, 7th President of the United States (b. 1767)

• 1857 – Douglas William Jerrold, British playwright and satirist (b. 1803)

• 1874 – Cochise, Apache leader

• 1876 – George Sand, French author (b. 1804)

• 1885 – Ignace Bourget, Bishop of Montreal (b. 1799)

• 1889 – Gerard Manley Hopkins, English Poet(b. 1844)

• 1924 – Andrew Irvine, English mountain climber (b. 1902)

• 1924 – George Leigh Mallory, English mountain climber (b. 1886)

• 1929 – Bliss Carman, Canadian poet (b. 1861)

• 1945 – Karl Hanke, Nazi official (b. 1903)

• 1951 – Eugène Fiset, Canadian military officer and politician (b. 1874)

• 1956 – Marie Laurencin, French painter (b. 1883)

• 1965 – Edmondo Rossoni, Italian fascist (b. 1884)

• 1966 – Anton Melik, Slovenian geographer (b. 1890)

• 1969 – Robert Taylor, American actor (b. 1911)

• 1970 – Abraham Maslow, American psychologist (b. 1908)

• 1972 – Jimmy Rushing, American blues singer (b. 1901)

• 1980 – Ernst Busch, German singer and actor (b. 1900)

• 1982 – Satchel Paige, American baseball player (b. 1906)

• 1984 – Gordon Jacob, English composer (b. 1895)

• 1993 – Root Boy Slim, American entertainer (b. 1945)

• 1997 – George Turner, Australian author (b. 1916)

• 1998 – Sani Abacha, President of Nigeria (b. 1943)

• 1998 – Maria Reiche, German-born mathematician and archaeologist (b. 1903)

• 2000 – Jeff MacNelly, American political cartoonist (b. 1948)

• 2003 – Leighton Rees, Welsh darts player (b. 1940)

• 2004 – Mack Jones, American baseball player (b. 1938)

• 2006 – Robert Donner, American actor (b. 1931)

• 2006 – Abouna Matta El Meskeen, Coptic Orthodox monk (b. 1919)

• 2007 – Kenny Olsson, Swedish speedway racer (b. 1977)

• 2007 – Richard Rorty, American postanalytic, pragmatic philosopher (b. 1931)

• 2008 – Šaban Bajramović, Serbian Romani musician (b. 1936)

• 2009 – Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (b. 1935)

Holidays and observances

• World Brain Tumor Day

• World Oceans Day

• Germanic Neopaganism: Lindisfarne Day, commemorating the Viking raid on Lindisfarne in 793

• Norfolk Island: Bounty Day

• Temotu Province: Province Day

• Saint Audomar, Bishop of Thérouanne, confessor (Translation day)

• Saint Elphege, Bishop, martyr (Translation day)

• Saint Medard, Bishop of Noyon, confessor [common]

• Blessed Chlodulph, Bishop of Metz

• Roman Empire – second day of the Vestalia in honor of Vesta.