Events

• 1099 – The First Crusade: The Siege of Jerusalem begins.

• 1420 – Troops of the Republic of Venice capture Udine, ending the independence of the Patriarchate of Aquileia.

• 1494 – Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of Tordesillas which divides the New World between the two countries.

• 1628 – The Petition of Right, a major English constitutional document, is granted the Royal Assent by Charles I and becomes law.

• 1654 – Louis XIV is crowned King of France.

• 1692 – Port Royal, Jamaica, is hit by a catastrophic earthquake; in just three minutes, 1,600 people are killed and 3,000 are seriously injured.

• 1776 – Richard Henry Lee presents the "Lee Resolution" to the Continental Congress. The motion is seconded by John Adams and leads to the United States Declaration of Independence.

• 1800 – David Thompson reaches the mouth of the Saskatchewan River in Manitoba.

• 1832 – Asian cholera reaches Quebec, brought by Irish immigrants, and kills about 6,000 people in Lower Canada.

• 1862 – The United States and Britain agree to suppress the slave trade.

• 1863 – During the French intervention in Mexico, Mexico City is captured by French troops.

• 1866 – 1,800 Fenian raiders are repelled back to the United States after they loot and plunder around Saint-Armand and Frelighsburg, Quebec.

• 1880 – War of the Pacific: The Battle of Arica, assault and capture of Morro de Arica (Arica Cape), that ended the Campaña del Desierto (Desert Campaign).

• 1892 – Benjamin Harrison becomes the first President of the United States to attend a baseball game.

• 1893 – Gandhi's first act of civil disobedience.

• 1905 – Norway's parliament dissolves its union with Sweden, a vote that is confirmed by a national plebiscite on August 13 of that year.

• 1906 – Cunard Line's RMS Lusitania is launched at the John Brown Shipyard, Glasgow (Clydebank), Scotland.

• 1909 – Mary Pickford made her screen debut at the age of 16.

• 1917 – World War I: Battle of Messines – Allied ammonal mines underneath German trenches at Messines Ridge are detonated, killing 10,000 German troops.

• 1919 – Sette giugno: Riot in Malta; four are killed.

• 1936 – The Steel Workers Organizing Committee, a trade union, is founded in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Philip Murray is elected its first president.

• 1938 – The Douglas DC-4E makes its first test flight.

• 1940 – King Haakon VII of Norway, Crown Prince Olav and the Norwegian government leave Tromsø and go into exile in London.

• 1942 – World War II: The Battle of Midway ends.

• 1942 – World War II: Japanese soldiers occupy the American islands of Attu and Kiska, in the Aleutian Islands off Alaska.

• 1944 – World War II: Battle of Normandy – At Abbey Ardennes members of the SS Division Hitlerjugend massacre 23 Canadian prisoners of war.

• 1945 – King Haakon VII of Norway returns with his family to Oslo after five years in exile.

• 1948 – Edvard Beneš resigns as President of Czechoslovakia rather than signing a Constitution making his nation a Communist state.

• 1955 – Lux Radio Theater signs off the air permanently. The show launched in New York in 1934, and featured radio adaptations of Broadway shows and popular films.

• 1965 – The Supreme Court of the United States decides on Griswold v. Connecticut, effectively legalizing the use of contraception by married couples.

• 1967 – The Israeli forces enter Jerusalem during the Six-Day War.

• 1971 – The United States Supreme Court overturns the conviction of Paul Cohen for disturbing the peace, setting the precedent that vulgar writing is protected under the First Amendment.

• 1975 – Sony introduces the Betamax videocassette recorder for sale to the public.

• 1977 – 500 million people watch on television as the high day of Jubilee gets underway for Queen Elizabeth II.

• 1981 – The Israeli Air Force destroys Iraq's Osiraq nuclear reactor during Operation Opera. The facility could have been used to make nuclear weapons.

• 1982 – Priscilla Presley opens Graceland to the public; the bathroom where Elvis Presley died five years earlier is kept off-limits.

• 1987 – Washington Dulles International Airport and Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport are transferred to The Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority.

• 1989 – A Surinam Airways DC-8 Super 62 crashes near Paramaribo Airport, Suriname, killing 168.

• 1991 – Mount Pinatubo explodes generating an ash column 7 km (4.5 miles) high.

• 1993 – The Holbeck Hall Hotel in Scarborough, UK, falls into the sea following a landslide.

• 1995 – The long range Boeing 777 enters service with United Airlines.

• 1998 – James Byrd, Jr. is dragged to death by Shawn Allen Berry, Lawrence Russel Brewer, and John William King in Jasper, Texas in a racially-motivated hate crime.

• 2001 – Tony Blair's Labour Party wins another landslide victory in the General Election.

• 2006 – British Houses of Parliament temporarily shut down due to anthrax alert.

• 2008 – Hillary Clinton suspends her presidential campaign at the National Building Museum after winning more American presidential primaries than any other woman.

Births

• 1529 – Étienne Pasquier, French lawyer and writer (d. 1615)

• 1761 – John Rennie, Scottish engineer (d. 1821)

• 1770 – Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1828)

• 1778 – Beau Brummell, English fashion leader (d. 1840)

• 1863 – Bones Ely, Professional Baseball Player (d.1952)

• 1811 – James Young Simpson, British obstetrician (d. 1870)

• 1831 – Amelia Edwards, English author and Egyptologist (d. 1892)

• 1837 – Alois Hitler, father of Adolf Hitler (d. 1903)

• 1840 – Charlotte of Belgium, Empress of Mexico (d. 1927)

• 1845 – Leopold Auer, Hungarian violinist and composer (d. 1930)

• 1848 – Paul Gauguin, French painter (d. 1903)

• 1862 – Philipp Lenard, Austrian physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 1947)

• 1868 – Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Scottish architect, designer, and watercolourist (d. 1928)

• 1879 – Knud Rasmussen, Greenlander explorer (d. 1933)

• 1879 – Joan Voûte, Dutch astronomer (d. 1963)

• 1880 – Thorleif Lund, Norwegian actor (d. 1956)

• 1883 – Sylvanus Morley, American archaeologist and spy (d. 1948)

• 1886 – Henri Coandă, Romanian aerodynamics pioneer (d. 1972)

• 1894 – Alexander de Seversky, Russian-born aviation pioneer (d. 1974)

• 1896 – Douglas Campbell, American World War I flying ace (d. 1990)

• 1896 – Robert S. Mulliken, American chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1986)

• 1896 – Imre Nagy, Hungarian politician (d. 1958)

• 1897 – George Szell, Hungarian conductor (d. 1970)

• 1899 – Elizabeth Bowen, Irish novelist (d. 1973)

• 1900 – Glen Gray, American jazz musician and leader of the Casa Loma Orchestra (d. 1963)

• 1902 – Herman B Wells, American college president and chancellor of Indiana University (d. 2000)

• 1907 – Prince Sigvard, Duke of Uppland (d. 2002)

• 1909 – Virginia Apgar, American physician and developer of the Apgar test (d. 1974)

• 1909 – Peter W. Rodino, American politician (d. 2005)

• 1909 – Jessica Tandy, English-born American actress (d. 1994)

• 1910 – Mike Sebastian, American football player (d. 1989)

• 1910 – Bradford Washburn, American explorer (d. 2007)

• 1911 – Brooks Stevens, American industrial designer (d. 1995)

• 1917 – Gwendolyn Brooks, American poet (d. 2000)

• 1917 – Dean Martin, American actor (d. 1995)

• 1920 – Georges Marchais, French politician (d. 1997)

• 1921 – Tal Farlow, American jazz guitarist (d. 1998)

• 1921 – Dorothy Ruth, American horse breeder; adopted daughter of Babe Ruth (d. 1989)

• 1922 – Leo Reise, Canadian ice hockey player

• 1923 – Jules Deschênes, Canadian jurist (d. 2000)

• 1927 – Charles de Tornaco, Belgian racing driver (d. 1953)

• 1928 – Dave Bowen, Welsh international football manager (d. 1995)

• 1928 – James Ivory, American film director

• 1928 – Reg Park, British bodybuilder (d. 2007)

• 1929 – John Napier Turner, Canadian seventeenth Prime Minister of Canada

• 1929 – Ernie Roth, American wrestling manager (d. 1983)

• 1931 – Malcolm Morley, English painter

• 1933 – Herb Score, American baseball player (d. 2008)

• 1935 – Harry Crews, American author

• 1935 – Thomas Kailath, American engineer

• 1937 – Neeme Järvi, Estonian conductor

• 1938 – Goose Gonsoulin, American football player

• 1940 – Tom Jones, Welsh singer

• 1943 – Nikki Giovanni, American poet

• 1943 – Ken Osmond, American actor

• 1945 – Wolfgang Schüssel, Chancellor of Austria

• 1946 – Jenny Jones, Palestinian-born American talk show host

• 1947 – Don Money, American baseball player and manager

• 1947 – Thurman Munson, American baseball player (d. 1979)

• 1950 – Gary Graham American actor

• 1951 – Terry O'Reilly Canadian ice hockey player

• 1952 – Liam Neeson, Northern Irish actor

• 1952 – Orhan Pamuk, Turkish writer, Nobel laureate

• 1953 – Johnny Clegg, South African musician

• 1953 – Colleen Camp, American actress

• 1953 – Dougie Donnelly, Scottish television broadcaster

• 1954 – Louise Erdrich, American author

• 1955 – William Forsythe, American actor

• 1955 – Tim Richmond, American race car driver (d. 1989)

• 1956 – Antonio Reid, American music producer

• 1957 – Juan Luis Guerra, Dominican musician

• 1957 – Paddy McAloon, English singer and songwriter (Prefab Sprout)

• 1957 – Ruth Anderson, Welsh rug maker

• 1958 – Prince, American musician

• 1958 – Surakiart Sathirathai, Thai Deputy Prime Minister of Thailand

• 1960 – Bill Prady, American television producer

• 1961 – Dave Catching, American musician

• 1962 – Michael Cartellone, American drummer (Lynyrd Skynyrd)

• 1962 – Thierry Hazard, French singer and songwriter

• 1962 – Takuya Kurosawa, Japanese racing driver

• 1963 – Roberto Alagna, French tenor

• 1964 – Judie Aronson, American actress

• 1964 – Gia Carides, Australian actress

• 1965 – Mick Foley, American wrestler

• 1965 – Jean-Pierre François, French footballer and singer

• 1965 – Damien Hirst, English artist

• 1965 – Christine Roque, French singer

• 1966 – Eric Kretz, American musician (Stone Temple Pilots)

• 1966 – Stéphane Richer, Canadian ice hockey player

• 1967 – Dave Navarro, American musician

• 1969 – Prince Joachim of Denmark

• 1969 – Kim Rhodes, American actress

• 1970 – Cafu, Brazilian footballer

• 1970 – Andrei Kovalenko, Russian hockey player

• 1970 – Mike Modano, American ice hockey player

• 1971 – Terrell Buckley, American football player

• 1971 – Alex X. Mooney, American politician

• 1972 – Karl Urban, New Zealand actor

• 1973 – Song Yun-ah, South Korean model and actress

• 1974 – Mahesh Bhupathi, Indian tennis player

• 1974 – Bear Grylls, British adventurer and former soldier

• 1974 – Cassius Khan, Canadian musician

• 1975 – Allen Iverson, American basketball player

• 1975 – Shane Bond, New Zealand cricket player

• 1976 – Necro, American rapper

• 1977 – Marcin Baszczyński, Polish footballer

• 1977 – Joe Horgan, American baseball player

• 1977 – Odalis Pérez, Dominican baseball player

• 1977 – Preston Campbell, Australian Rugby League Player

• 1978 – Tony An, Korean singer (H.O.T)

• 1978 – Adrienne Frantz, American actress

• 1978 – Bill Hader, American comedian

• 1979 – Kevin Hofland, Dutch footballer

• 1981 – Stephen Bywater, British footballer

• 1981 – Tyler Johnson, American baseball player

• 1981 – Anna Kournikova, Russian tennis player

• 1981 – Kevin Kyle, Scottish footballer

• 1981 – Larisa Oleynik, American actress

• 1982 – Virgil Vasquez, American baseball player

• 1983 – Mark Lowe, American baseball player

• 1983 – Milan Jurcina, Slovakian hockey player

• 1985 – Charlie Simpson, British pop singer

• 1985 – Simon Whaley, English footballer

• 1988 – Michael Cera, Canadian actor

• 1988 – Milan Lucic, Canadian ice hockey player (Boston Bruins)

• 1993 – Jordan Fry, American actor

• 1996 – Jasper Harris, British actor

Deaths

• 1329 – Robert the Bruce, King of Scotland (b. 1274)

• 1358 – Ashikaga Takauji, Japanese shogun (b. 1305)

• 1394 – Anne of Bohemia, wife of Richard II of England (b. 1367)

• 1618 – Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, English governor of Virginia (b. 1577)

• 1676 – Paul Gerhardt, German hymnist (b. 1606)

• 1711 – Henry Dodwell, Irish theologian (b. 1641)

• 1779 – William Warburton, English critic and Bishop of Gloucester (b. 1698)

• 1810 – Luigi Schiavonetti, Italian engraver (b. 1765)

• 1821 – Tudor Vladimirescu, Romanian rebellion leader (b. c. 1780)

• 1826 – Joseph von Fraunhofer, German physicist (b. 1787)

• 1840 – King Frederick William III of Prussia (b. 1770)

• 1854 – Charles Baudin, French admiral (b. 1792)

• 1859 – David Cox, English artist (b. 1783)

• 1866 – Chief Seattle, Native American leader

• 1896 – Pavlos Carrer, Greek composer (b. 1829)

• 1911 – Maurice Rouvier, French statesman (b. 1842)

• 1915 – Charles Reed Bishop, American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1822)

• 1916 – Émile Faguet, French writer and critic (b. 1847)

• 1927 – Edmund James Flynn, Premier of Quebec (b. 1847)

• 1936 – Stjepan Seljan, Croatian explorer (b. 1875)

• 1937 – Jean Harlow, American actress (b. 1911)

• 1942 – Alan Blumlein, English electronics engineer (b. 1903)

• 1951 – Oswald Pohl, German SS officer (b. 1892)

• 1954 – Alan Turing, British mathematician and computer scientist (b. 1912)

• 1963 – Zasu Pitts, American actress (b. 1894)

• 1965 – Judy Holliday, American actress (b. 1921)

• 1966 – Jean Arp, German-born sculptor, painter, and poet (b. 1886)

• 1967 – Anatoly Maltsev, Russian mathematician (b. 1909)

• 1967 – Dorothy Parker, American writer (b. 1893)

• 1968 – Dan Duryea, American actor (b. 1907)

• 1970 – E. M. Forster, English author (b. 1879)

• 1978 – Ronald George Wreyford Norrish, British chemist, Nobel laureate (b. 1897)

• 1979 – Forrest Carter, American author (b. 1925)

• 1980 – Elizabeth Craig, British writer (b. 1883)

• 1980 – Henry Miller, American writer (b. 1891)

• 1988 – Vernon Washington, American actor (b. 1927)

• 1989 – Chico Landi, Brazilian racing driver (b. 1907)

• 1992 – Bill France, first president of NASCAR, NASCAR founder (b. 1909)

• 1993 – Dražen Petrović, Croatian basketball player (b. 1964)

• 1995 – Hsuan Hua, Chinese-born religious leader (b. 1918)

• 1996 – Max Factor, Jr., American businessman (b. 1904)

• 1999 – Paco Stanley, Mexican TV entertainer (b. 1942)

• 2001 – Víctor Paz Estenssoro, President of Bolivia (b. 1907)

• 2001 – Carole Fredericks, American singer (b. 1952)

• 2001 – Betty Neels, English novelist (b. 1910)

• 2002 – Mary Lilian Baels, Belgian princess (b. 1916)

• 2002 – Basappa Danappa Jatti, former Vice-President of India and Acting President (b. 1912)

• 2003 – Trevor Goddard, English actor (b. 1962)

• 2006 – John Tenta, Canadian wrestler (b. 1963)

• 2006 – Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, Jordanian-born Mujahid (b. 1966)

• 2008 – Rudy Fernandez, Filipino actor (b. 1953)

• 2008 – Jim McKay, American sportscaster (b. 1921)

• 2009 – Kenny Rankin, American singer (b. 1940)

• 2009 – Hugh Hopper, British musician (b. 1945)

Holidays and observances

• First day of the Vestalia

• Union Dissolution Day

• Sette Giugno

• Colman of Dromore

• Robert of Newminster