Events

• 763 BC – Assyrians record a solar eclipse that will be used to fix the chronology of Mesopotamian history.

• 923 – Battle of Soissons: King Robert I of France is killed and King Charles the Simple is arrested by the supporters of Duke Rudolph of Burgundy.

• 1184 – King Magnus V of Norway is killed at the battle of Fimreite.

• 1215 – King John of England puts his seal to the Magna Carta.

• 1246 – With the death of Duke Frederick II, the Babenberg dynasty ends in Austria.

• 1389 – Battle of Kosovo: The Ottoman Empire defeats Serbs and Bosnians.

• 1520 – Pope Leo X threatens to excommunicate Martin Luther in papal bull Exsurge Domine.

• 1580 – Phillip II of Spain declares William the Silent to be an outlaw.

• 1667 – The first human blood transfusion is administered by Dr. Jean-Baptiste Denys.

• 1752 – Benjamin Franklin proves that lightning is electricity.

• 1775 – American Revolutionary War: George Washington is appointed commander-in-chief of the Continental Army.

• 1776 – Delaware Separation Day – Delaware votes to suspend government under the British Crown and separate officially from Pennsylvania.

• 1785 – Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier, co-pilot of the first-ever manned flight (1783), and his companion, Pierre Romain, become the first-ever casualties of an air crash when their hot air balloon explodes during their attempt to cross the English Channel.

• 1804 – New Hampshire approves the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratifying the document.

• 1808 – Joseph Bonaparte becomes King of Spain.

• 1836 – Arkansas is admitted as the 25th U.S. state.

• 1844 – Charles Goodyear receives a patent for vulcanization, a process to strengthen rubber.

• 1846 – The Oregon Treaty establishes the 49th parallel as the border between the United States and Canada, from the Rocky Mountains to the Strait of Juan de Fuca.

• 1859 – Pig War: Ambiguity in the Oregon Treaty leads to the "Northwestern Boundary Dispute" between U.S. and British/Canadian settlers.

• 1864 – American Civil War: The Siege of Petersburg begins.

• 1864 – Arlington National Cemetery is established when around Arlington Mansion (formerly owned by Confederate General Robert E. Lee) are officially set aside as a military cemetery by U.S. Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton.

• 1867 – Atlantic Cable Quartz Lode gold mine located in Montana.

• 1877 – Henry Ossian Flipper becomes the first African American cadet to graduate from the United States Military Academy.

• 1888 – Crown Prince Wilhelm becomes Kaiser Wilhelm II and is the last emperor of the German Empire.

• 1896 – The most destructive tsunami in Japan's history kills more than 22,000 people.

• 1904 – A fire aboard the steamboat in New York City's East River kills 1000.

• 1905 – Princess Margaret of Connaught marries Gustaf, Crown Prince of Sweden.

• 1909 – Representatives from England, Australia and South Africa meet at Lord's and form the Imperial Cricket Conference.

• 1911 – Tabulating Computing Recording Corporation (IBM) is incorporated.

• 1913 – The Battle of Bud Bagsak in the Philippines concludes.

• 1916 – U.S. President Woodrow Wilson signs a bill incorporating the Boy Scouts of America, making them the only American youth organization with a federal charter.

• 1919 – John Alcock and Arthur Brown complete the first nonstop transatlantic flight at Clifden, County Galway, Ireland.

• 1920 – Duluth lynchings in Minnesota.

• 1920 – A new border treaty between Germany and Denmark gives northern Schleswig to Denmark.

• 1934 – The U.S. Great Smoky Mountains National Park is founded.

• 1937 – A German expedition led by Karl Wien lost sixteen members in an avalanche on Nanga Parbat. The worst single disaster to occur on an 8000m peak.

• 1944 – World War II: Battle of Saipan: The United States invades Saipan.

• 1944 – In the Saskatchewan general election, the CCF, led by Tommy Douglas, is elected and forms the first socialist government of North America.

• 1945 – The General Dutch Youth League (ANJV) is founded in Amsterdam, Netherlands.

• 1954 – UEFA (Union des Associations Européennes de Football) is formed in Basle, Switzerland.

• 1955 – The Eisenhower administration stages the first annual "Operation Alert" (OPAL) exercise, an attempt to assess the USA's preparations for a nuclear attack.

• 1978 – King Hussein of Jordan marries American Lisa Halaby, who takes the name Queen Noor.

• 1985 – Rembrandt's painting Danaë is attacked by a man (later judged insane) who throws sulfuric acid on the canvas and cuts it twice with a knife.

• 1991 – Birth of the first federal political party in Canada that supports Quebec nationalism, le Bloc Québécois.

• 1992 – The United States Supreme Court rules in United States v. Álvarez-Machaín that it is permissible for the USA to forcibly extradite suspects in foreign countries and bring them to the USA for trial, without approval from those other countries.

• 1994 – Israel and Vatican City establish full diplomatic relations.

• 1996 – In Manchester, United Kingdom, a terrorist bomb injures over 200 people and devastates a large part of the city centre.

• 2002 – Near earth asteroid 2002 MN misses the Earth by , about one-third of the distance between the Earth and the Moon

Births

• 1330 – Edward the Black Prince, Prince of Wales (d. 1376)

• 1519 – Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset, illegitimate son of King Henry VIII of England (d. 1536)

• 1594 – Nicolas Poussin, French painter (d. 1665)

• 1623 – Cornelis de Witt, Dutch politician (d. 1672)

• 1624 – Hiob Ludolf, German orientalist (d. 1704)

• 1640 – Bernard Lamy, French mathematician (d. 1715)

• 1755 – Antoine François, comte de Fourcroy, French chemist (d. 1809)

• 1765 – Johann Gottlieb Friedrich von Bohnenberger, German mathematician (d. 1831)

• 1767 – Rachel Donelson Jackson, First Lady of the United States (d. 1828)

• 1777 – David Daniel Davis, British politician (d. 1841)

• 1789 – Josiah Henson, American slave and settlement founder (d. 1883)

• 1801 – Benjamin Raymond, Mayor of Chicago (d. 1883)

• 1805 – William Butler Ogden, first Mayor of Chicago (d. 1877)

• 1809 – François-Xavier Garneau, French-Canadian poet and historian (d. 1866)

• 1843 – Edvard Grieg, Norwegian composer (d. 1907)

• 1848 – Parumala Thirumeni,Gheevarghese Mor Gregorios (d. 1902)

• 1875 – Herman Smith-Johannsen, cross-country skier (d. 1987)

• 1882 – Ion Antonescu, Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1946)

• 1884 – Harry Langdon, American actor (d. 1944)

• 1888 – Ramón López Velarde, Mexican poet (d. 1921)

• 1894 – Nikolai Chebotaryov, Ukrainian mathematician (d. 1947)

• 1894 – Robert Russell Bennett, American composer and arranger (d. 1981)

• 1900 – Gotthard Günther, German philosopher (d. 1984)

• 1900 – Otto Luening, German-American composer (d. 1996)

• 1902 – Erik Erikson, psychoanalyst (d. 1994)

• 1906 – Léon Degrelle, Belgian SS officer (d. 1994)

• 1908 – Sam Giancana, American mafioso (d. 1975)

• 1910 – David Rose, American songwriter, composer and orchestra leader (d. 1990)

• 1911 – W.V. Awdry, British children's writer (d. 1997)

• 1914 – Yuri Andropov, Soviet politician (d. 1984)

• 1914 – Saul Steinberg, Romanian/American cartoonist (d. 1999)

• 1914 – Hilda Terry, American Cartoonist (d. 2006)

• 1915 – Thomas Huckle Weller, American virologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2008)

• 1916 – Herbert Simon, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2001)

• 1917 – John Bennett Fenn, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate

• 1917 – Lash La Rue, American actor (d. 1996)

• 1917 – Michalis Genitsaris, Greek singer and composer (d. 2005)

• 1920 – Alberto Sordi, Italian actor and director (d. 2003)

• 1920 – Alla Kazanskaya, Russian stage and film actress (d. 2008)

• 1921 – Errol Garner, American musician (d. 1977)

• 1922 – John Veale, English composer (d. 2006)

• 1924 – Ezer Weizman, Israeli politician (d. 2005)

• 1926 – Mac McGarry, American quiz show host

• 1926 – Shigeru Kayano, Japanese Ainu activist (d. 2006)

• 1927 – Ibn-e-Insha, Pakistani humourist and Urdu poet (d. 1978)

• 1927 – Hugo Pratt, Italian comic book creator (d. 1995)

• 1930 – Marcel Pronovost, Canadian professional ice hockey player

• 1932 – Mario Cuomo, American politician

• 1933 – Sergio Endrigo, Italian singer (d. 2005)

• 1933 – Mark Jones, English footballer (d. 1958)

• 1934 – Jerry Buss, American basketball team owner

• 1934 – Mikel Laboa, Basque singer and songwriter. (d. 2008)

• 1936 – Claude Brasseur, French actor

• 1936 – William Joseph Levada, American Catholic prelate

• 1937 – Waylon Jennings, American singer (d. 2002)

• 1938 – Billy Williams, baseball player

• 1939 – Ward Connerly, American political figure

• 1939 – Brian Jacques, British author

• 1941 – Harry Nilsson, American singer and composer (d. 1994)

• 1942 – John E. McLaughlin, former Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency

• 1943 – Xaviera Hollander, Dutch author

• 1943 – Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, former Prime Minister of Denmark

• 1943 – Johnny Hallyday, French singer and actor

• 1943 – Muff Winwood, British songwriter and bassist (Spencer Davis Group)

• 1943 – Lee Shallat-Chemel, American television director

• 1944 – Robert Keppel, American criminologist

• 1945 – Miriam Defensor-Santiago, Philippine senator

• 1945 – Nicola Pagett, British actress

• 1945 – Lawrence Wilkerson, American retired military officer

• 1946 – Noddy Holder, British singer (Slade)

• 1946 – Demis Roussos, Greek singer

• 1947 – John Hoagland, American photographer

• 1947 – Lee Purcell, American actress

• 1948 – Mike Holmgren, American football coach

• 1949 – Dusty Baker, baseball player and manager

• 1949 – Simon Callow, British actor

• 1949 – Russell Hitchcock, Australian singer (Air Supply)

• 1949 – Jim Varney, American actor (d. 2000)

• 1950 – Lakshmi Mittal, Indian industrialist

• 1951 – Steve Walsh, American singer (Kansas)

• 1953 – Rita Lee, American model and Playboy Playmate

• 1954 – James Belushi, American actor

• 1954 – Paul Rusesabagina, Rwandan hotel manager

• 1954 – Beverley Whitfield, Australian swimmer (d. 1996)

• 1955 – Julie Hagerty, American actress

• 1955 – David Kennedy, Kennedy family member (d. 1984)

• 1956 – Ava Cadell, American actress

• 1956 – Robin Curtis, American actress

• 1956 – Polly Draper, American actress

• 1957 – Seppo Pääkkönen, Finnish actor

• 1958 – Wade Boggs, American baseball player

• 1958 – Riccardo Paletti, Italian racing driver (d. 1982)

• 1959 – Eileen Davidson, American actress

• 1959 – Alan Brazil, British footballer

• 1960 – Michèle Laroque, French actress

• 1960 – Marieke van Doorn, Dutch field hockey player

• 1961 – Kai Eckhardt, German musician (Garaj Mahal)

• 1961 – Dave McAuley, Northern Irish boxer

• 1961 – Yoshimi Iwasaki, Japanese singer/actress

• 1961 – Scott Norton, American professional wrestler

• 1961 – Susan Boyle, Finalist of Britain's Got Talent third season

• 1962 – Andrea Rost, Hungarian soprano

• 1963 – Mario Gosselin, Quebec ice hockey player

• 1963 – Helen Hunt, American actress

• 1963 – Blanca Portillo, Spanish actress

• 1963 – Nigel Walker, Welsh athlete and rugby union player

• 1964 – Courteney Cox, American actress

• 1964 – Gavin Greenaway, British composer

• 1964 – Michael Laudrup, Danish footballer

• 1965 – Annelies Bredael, Belgian rower

• 1965 – Adam Smith, American politician

• 1966 – Idalis DeLeon, American actress/singer

• 1967 – Yūji Ueda, Japanese voice actor

• 1968 – Oh Dal-su, South Korean actor

• 1969 – Ice Cube, American rapper and actor

• 1969 – Oliver Kahn, German footballer

• 1969 – Cédric Pioline, French tennis player

• 1969 – Maurice Odumbe, Kenyan cricketer

• 1970 – Leah Remini, American actress

• 1970 – Gaëlle Méchaly, French soprano

• 1970 – Christian Bauman, American novelist and essayist

• 1971 – Edwin Brienen, Dutch director

• 1971 – Jake Busey, American actor

• 1971 – Bif Naked, Canadian musician

• 1971 – Nathan Astle, New Zealand cricketer

• 1972 – Justin Leonard, American golfer

• 1972 – Andy Pettitte, American baseball player

• 1972 – Marcus Hahnemann, American soccer player

• 1972 – Hank Von Helvete, Turbonegro Frontman

• 1972 – Chloe Dao, American designer and winner of Project Runway (season 2)

• 1973 – Neil Patrick Harris, American actor

• 1973 – Tore André Flo, Norwegian footballer

• 1973 – Pia Miranda, Australian actress

• 1973 – Greg Vaughan, American actor

• 1975 – Elizabeth Reaser, American actress

• 1975 – Rachel Wacholder, American beach volleyballer

• 1976 – Gary Lightbody, Northern Irish musician (Snow Patrol)

• 1977 – Nina Liu, Australian actress

• 1977 – Michael Doleac, American basketball player

• 1978 – Wilfred Bouma, Dutch footballer

• 1978 – Zach Day, American baseball player

• 1979 – Danielle Lineker, Welsh lingerie model

• 1979 – Yulia Nestsiarenka, Belarusian athlete

• 1979 – Julia Schultz, American model

• 1979 – Charles Zwolsman Jr., Dutch racing driver

• 1980 – Mary Carey, American pornographic actress

• 1980 – Christopher Castile, American actor

• 1980 – Almudena Cid Tostado, Spanish gymnast

• 1980 – Cara Zavaleta, American model

• 1981 – John Paintsil, Ghanaian footballer

• 1981 – Jeremy Reed, American baseball player

• 1981 – Jordi Vilasuso, American actor

• 1981 – Daniel Vosovic, American fashion designer

• 1982 – Abdur Razzak, Bangladeshi cricketer

• 1982 – Haley Scarnato, American singer

• 1982 – Katie Chapman, English footballer

• 1983 – Derek Anderson, American football player

• 1983 – Julia Fischer, German violinist

• 1983 – Laura Imbruglia, Australian musician

• 1984 – Luke Hodge, Australian AFL player

• 1984 – Tim Lincecum, American baseball player

• 1984 – Airu Shiozaki, Irish/Japanese actor

• 1985 – Nadine Coyle, Northern Irish singer (Girls Aloud)

• 1988 – Miku Ishida, Japanese teen idol

Deaths

• 923 – Robert I of France (b. 866)

• 991 – Empress Theophanu (b. 960)

• 1073 – Emperor Go-Sanjō of Japan (b. 1034)

• 1246 – Duke Frederick II of Austria (b. 1219)

• 1341 – Andronikos III Palaiologos, Byzantine Emperor (b. 1297)

• 1381 – John Cavendish, Lord Chief Justice of England

• 1381 – Wat Tyler, English rebel (b. 1341)

• 1383 – John VI Cantacuzenus, Byzantine Emperor

• 1389 – Murad I, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1326)

• 1389 – Prince Lazar, Serbian Orthodox saint (b. 1329)

• 1467 – Philip III, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1396)

• 1521 – Tamás Bakócz. Hungarian Catholic cardinal and statesman (b. 1442)

• 1614 – Henry Howard, 1st Earl of Northampton, English politician (b. 1540)

• 1679 – Guillaume Courtois, French painter (b. 1628)

• 1724 – Henry Sacheverell, English churchman and politician (b. 1674)

• 1750 – Marguerite De Launay, Baronne Staal, French writer (b. 1684)

• 1768 – James Short, Scottish mathematician and optician (b. 1710)

• 1772 – Louis-Claude Daquin, French composer (b. 1694)

• 1844 – Thomas Campbell, Scottish poet (b. 1777)

• 1849 – James Knox Polk, 11th President of the United States (b. 1795)

• 1858 – Ary Scheffer, Dutch-French painter (b. 1795)

• 1888 – Emperor Friedrich III of Germany (b. 1831)

• 1889 – Mihai Eminescu, Romanian poet (b. 1850)

• 1917 – Kristian Birkeland, Norwegian physicist (b. 1867)

• 1934 – Alfred Bruneau, French composer (b. 1857)

• 1941 – Evelyn Underhill, British writer (b. 1875)

• 1941 – Otfrid Foerster, German neurologist (b. 1873)

• 1961 – Giulio Cabianca, Italian racing driver (b. 1923)

• 1962 – Alfred Cortot, Franco-Swiss pianist (b. 1877)

• 1965 – E. A. Speiser, American Bible scholar (b. 1902)

• 1965 – Steve Cochran, American actor (b. 1917)

• 1968 – Sam Crawford, baseball player (b. 1880)

• 1968 – Wes Montgomery, American jazz guitarist (b. 1925)

• 1971 – Wendell Meredith Stanley, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1904)

• 1976 – Jimmy Dykes, baseball player and manager (b. 1896)

• 1983 – Srirangam Srinivasarao, also known as Sri Sri, Telugu poet (b. 1910)

• 1984 – Meredith Willson, American composer (b. 1902)

• 1985 – Andy Stanfield, American athlete (b. 1927)

• 1985 – Robert Stethem, U.S. Navy Seabee diver murdered by terrorists on TWA Flight 847 (b. 1961)

• 1989 – Victor French, American actor (b. 1934)

• 1989 – Maurice Bellemare, Canadian politician (b. 1912)

• 1991 – Arthur Lewis, British economist, Nobel laureate (b. 1915)

• 1991 – Happy Chandler, American politician and Commissioner of Baseball (b. 1898)

• 1993 – John Connally, American politician (b. 1917)

• 1993 – James Hunt, English racing driver and 1976 F1 world champion (b. 1947)

• 1994 – Manos Hadjidakis, Greek composer (b. 1925)

• 1995 – John Vincent Atanasoff, American computer pioneer (b. 1903)

• 1996 – Ella Fitzgerald, American singer (b. 1917)

• 1996 – Dick Murdoch, professional wrestler (b. 1946)

• 2000 – Jules Roy, French writer (b. 1907)

• 2001 – Henri Alekan, French cinematographer (b. 1909)

• 2002 – Choi Hong Hi, founder of Taekwon-Do (b. 1918)

• 2003 – Hume Cronyn, Canadian actor (b. 1911)

• 2005 – Suzanne Flon, French actress (b. 1918)

• 2006 – Raymond Devos, French humourist (b. 1922)

• 2006 – Herb Pearson, New Zealand cricketer (b. 1910)

• 2007 – Claudia Cohen, American gossip columnist and socialite (b. 1950)

• 2007 – Sherri Martel, American professional wrestler and valet (b. 1958)

• 2008 – Stan Winston, American special effects and makeup artist, and film director (b. 1946)

Holidays and observances

• Sikhism: First day of the month of Harh

• Arkansas: Admission Day

• Azerbaijan: National Salvation Day

• Cagayan de Oro City: Cagayan de Oro City Charter Day

• Delaware: Separation Day

• Denmark: Flag Day

• Mangaia: Mangaia Gospel Day

• United States: National Man Day

• Roman Empire – ninth and final day of the Vestalia in honor of Vesta

• Augustine of Hippo's feast in many Eastern Orthodox Churches

• Saint Vitus (observed with Sts. Modestus and Crescentia), patron of actors and epileptics

• Saint Landelin (7th century)

• Saint Edburga of Winchester (d. 960)

• Saint Germaine Cousin, (d. 1601), patron of shepherdesses and of victims of child abuse

• Commemoration of Evelyn Underhill (Anglican mystic and poet)