Events

• 1276 – While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Song Dynasty court hold the coronation ceremony for the young prince Zhao Shi, making him Emperor Duanzong of Song.

• 1287 – Kublai Khan defeated the force of Nayan and other traditionalist Borjigin princes in East Mongolia and Manchuria.

• 1381 – Richard II in England meets leaders of Peasants' Revolt on Blackheath. The Tower of London is stormed by rebels who enter without resistance.

• 1645 – English Civil War: Battle of Naseby – 12,000 Royalist forces are beaten by 15,000 Parliamentarian soldiers.

• 1648 – Margaret Jones is hanged in Boston for witchcraft in the first such execution for the Massachusetts colony.

• 1775 – American Revolutionary War: the Continental Army is established by the Continental Congress, marking the birth of the United States Army.

• 1777 – The Stars and Stripes is adopted by Congress as the Flag of the United States.

• 1789 – Mutiny on the Bounty: Bounty mutiny survivors including Captain William Bligh and 18 others reach Timor after a nearly 7,400 km (4,000-mile) journey in an open boat.

• 1789 – Whiskey distilled from maize is first produced by American clergyman the Rev Elijah Craig. It is named Bourbon because Rev Craig lived in Bourbon County, Kentucky.

• 1800 – The French Army of First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte defeats the Austrians at the Battle of Marengo in Northern Italy and re-conquers Italy.

• 1807 – Emperor Napoleon I's French Grande Armee defeats the Russian Army at the Battle of Friedland in Poland (modern Russian Kaliningrad Oblast) ending the War of the Fourth Coalition.

• 1821 – Badi VII, king of Sennar, surrenders his throne and realm to Ismail Pasha, general of the Ottoman Empire, ending the existence of that Sudanese kingdom.

• 1822 – Charles Babbage proposes a difference engine in a paper to the Royal Astronomical Society entitled "Note on the application of machinery to the computation of astronomical and mathematical tables".

• 1839 – Henley Royal Regatta: the village of Henley, on the River Thames in Oxfordshire, stages its first Regatta.

• 1846 – Bear Flag Revolt begins – Anglo settlers in Sonoma, California, start a rebellion against Mexico and proclaim the California Republic.

• 1863 – American Civil War: Battle of Second Winchester – a Union garrison is defeated by the Army of Northern Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley town of Winchester, Virginia.

• 1863 – Second Assault on the Confederate works at the Siege of Port Hudson during the American Civil War.

• 1872 – Trade unions are legalised in Canada.

• 1900 – Hawaii becomes a United States territory.

• 1900 – The Reichstag approves a second law that allows the expansion of the German navy.

• 1907 – Norway adopts female suffrage.

• 1919 – John Alcock and Arthur Whitten Brown depart St. John's, Newfoundland on the first nonstop transatlantic flight.

• 1926 – Brazil leaves the League of Nations

• 1937 – Pennsylvania becomes the first (and only) state of the United States to celebrate Flag Day officially as a state holiday.

• 1937 – U. S. House of Representatives passes the 1937 Marihuana Tax Act.

• 1938 – Action Comics issue one is released, introducing Superman.

• 1940 – World War II: Paris falls under German occupation, and Allied forces retreat.

• 1940 – The Soviet Union presents an ultimatum to Lithuania resulting in Lithuanian loss of independence

• 1940 – A group of 728 Polish political prisoners from Tarnów become the first residents of the Auschwitz concentration camp.

• 1941 – June deportation, the first major wave of Soviet mass deportations and murder of Estonians, Latvians and Lithuanians, begins.

• 1942 – Anne Frank begins to keep a diary.

• 1951 – UNIVAC I is dedicated by U.S. Census Bureau.

• 1952 – The keel is laid for the nuclear submarine USS Nautilus.

• 1954 – U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs a bill into law that places the words "under God" into the United States' Pledge of Allegiance.

• 1955 – Chile becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires copyright treaty.

• 1959 – A group of Dominican exiles with leftist tendencies that departed from Cuba land in the Dominican Republic with the intent of deposing Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina. Save for four of them, all are killed and/or executed by Trujillo's army. This feat would be the inspiration for a clandestine group that would seek to continue undermining Trujillo's power and would be called "Movimiento Catorce de Junio" (14th of June Movement).

• 1962 – Albert DeSalvo, better known as the Boston Strangler, murders Anna Slesers, his first victim.

• 1962 – The European Space Research Organisation is established in Paris – later becoming the European Space Agency.

• 1962 – The New Mexico Supreme Court in the case of Montoya v. Bolack, 70 N.M. 196, prohibits state and local governments from denying Indians the right to vote because they live on a reservation.

• 1966 – The Vatican announces the abolition of the Index Librorum Prohibitorum (index of prohibited books), which was originally instituted in 1557.

• 1967 – Mariner program: Mariner 5 is launched toward Venus.

• 1976 – The trial begins at Oxford Crown Court of Donald Neilson, the killer known as the Black Panther.

• 1982 – The Falklands War ends: Argentine forces in the capital Stanley unconditionally surrender to British forces.

• 1985 – TWA Flight 847 is hijacked by Hezbollah shortly after take-off from Athens, Greece.

• 1990 – Miners from Jiu Valley are called to Bucharest by President Ion Iliescu to quell demonstrations in University Square by anti-government protesters.

• 2001 – China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan form the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.

Births

• 1479 (O.S.) – Giglio Gregorio Giraldi, Italian poet (d. 1552)

• 1529 (O.S.) – Archduke Ferdinand II of Austria (d. 1595)

• 1726 – James Hutton, Scottish geologist (d. 1797)

• 1736 – Charles Augustin de Coulomb, French physicist (d. 1806)

• 1796 – Nikolai Brashman, Russian mathematician (d. 1866)

• 1798 – František Palacký, Czech scholar and politician (d. 1876)

• 1801 – Heber C. Kimball, American religious leader (d. 1868)

• 1811 – Harriet Beecher Stowe, American author (d. 1896)

• 1812 – Fernando Wood, New York City mayor (d. 1881)

• 1819 – Henry J. Gardner, 23rd Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1892)

• 1820 – John Bartlett, publisher of Bartlett's Familiar Quotations (d. 1905)

• 1832 – Nikolaus Otto, German engineer (d. 1891)

• 1855 – Robert La Follette, U.S. Senator (d. 1925)

• 1856 – Andrey Markov, Russian mathematician (d. 1922)

• 1864 – Alois Alzheimer, German physician (d. 1915)

• 1868 – Karl Landsteiner, Austrian biologist and physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1943)

• 1870 – Sophia of Prussia, consort of Constantine I of Greece (d. 1932)

• 1871 – Jacob Ellehammer, Danish inventor (d. 1946)

• 1877 – Jane Bathori, French mezzo-soprano (d. 1970)

• 1890 – May Allison, American actress (d. 1989)

• 1893 – Siggie Nordstrom, Swedish singer (The Nordstrom Sisters) (d. 1980)

• 1894 – Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (d. 1924)

• 1895 – Jack Adams, Canadian ice hockey player, coach and general manager (d. 1968)

• 1899 – Yasunari Kawabata, Japanese writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1972)

• 1903 – Alonzo Church, American mathematician and logician (d. 1995)

• 1905 – Steve Broidy, American motion picture executive (d. 1991)

• 1906 – Margaret Bourke-White, American photojournalist (d. 1971)

• 1907 – Nicolas Bentley, British writer and illustrator (d. 1978)

• 1907 – Chico Landi, Brazilian racing driver (d. 1989)

• 1909 – Burl Ives, American musician (d. 1995)

• 1910 – Rudolf Kempe, German conductor (d. 1976)

• 1913 – Joe Morris, C.C., LL.D., Canadian trade unionist (d. 1996)

• 1914 – Pauline Moore, American actress (d. 2001)

• 1916 – Dorothy McGuire, American actress (d. 2001)

• 1917 – Atle Selberg, Norwegian mathematician (d. 2007)

• 1917 – Lise Nørgaard, Danish journalist and writer

• 1919 – Sam Wanamaker, American actor (d. 1993)

• 1919 – Gene Barry, American actor

• 1922 – Kevin Roche, Irish architect

• 1925 – Pierre Salinger, John F. Kennedy's Press Secretary (d. 2004)

• 1926 – Hermann Kant, German author

• 1926 – Don Newcombe, baseball player

• 1928 – Ernesto "Che" Guevara, Marxist Revolutionary (d. 1967)

• 1929 – Cy Coleman, American composer (d. 2004)

• 1931 – Junior Walker, Saxophonist and singer (Jr. Walker & the All Stars) (d. 1995)

• 1931 – Marla Gibbs, American actress

• 1932 – Joe Arpaio, sheriff of Maricopa County, Arizona

• 1933 – Jerzy Kosinski, Polish author (d. 1991)

• 1933 – Vladislav Rastorotsky, Soviet gymnastics coach

• 1936 – Renaldo "Obie" Benson, singer (The Four Tops) (d. 2005)

• 1936 – Irmelin Sandman Lilius, Finnish actor

• 1937 – Jørgen Leth, Danish film director

• 1939 – John F. MacArthur, American evangelist

• 1939 – Steny Hoyer, U.S. Congressman

• 1943 – Harold Wheeler, American composer

• 1943 – John Miles, British racing driver

• 1943 – Spooner Oldham, American musician

• 1943 – Barry Burman, English artist (d. 2001)

• 1944 – Laurie Colwin, American author (d. 1992)

• 1944 – Joe Grifasi, American actor

• 1945 – Rod Argent, English musician (The Zombies)

• 1946 – Donald Trump, American businessman and entrepreneur

• 1947 – Barry Melton, American guitarist (Country Joe and the Fish)

• 1948 – Laurence Yep, American author

• 1949 – Jimmy Lea, British musician (Slade)

• 1949 – Harry Turtledove, American author

• 1949 – Alan White, British drummer (Yes)

• 1950 – Rowan Williams, 104th Archbishop of Canterbury

• 1951 – Paul Boateng, British politician

• 1952 – Pat Summitt, American basketball coach

• 1952 – Leon Wieseltier, American writer.

• 1953 – Janet Mackey, New Zealand politician

• 1954 – Will Patton, American actor

• 1955 – Michael D. Duvall, California State Assemblyman

• 1955 – Paul O'Grady, British comedian and television presenter

• 1956 – Gianna Nannini, Italian singer

• 1956 – Fred Funk, American Professional golfer

• 1956 – King Diamond, Danish singer (King Diamond, Mercyful Fate)

• 1956 – Sam Irvin, American director and producer

• 1957 – Maxi Jazz, British rapper (Faithless) and racing driver

• 1958 – Eric Heiden, American speed skater

• 1959 – Marcus Miller, American musician

• 1960 – Mike Laga, American baseball player

• 1961 – Boy George, British singer (Culture Club)

• 1961 – Sam Perkins, American basketball player

• 1964 – Peter Gilliver, English lexicographer

• 1966 – Traylor Howard, American actress

• 1967 – Kelly Nash, American radio personality

• 1968 – Yasmine Bleeth, American actress

• 1968 – Faizon Love, American actor

• 1968 – Campbell Brown, American journalist and news reporter

• 1969 – Steffi Graf, German tennis player

• 1969 – Éric Desjardins, Canadian hockey player

• 1969 – Kyle Hebert, American voice actor

• 1969 – MC Ren, American rapper

• 1969 – Michael Gerber, American parody author

• 1971 – Bruce Bowen, American basketball player

• 1971 – Ramon Vega, former Swiss footballer

• 1972 – Matthias Ettrich, German computer scientist (KDE)

• 1972 – Michael Cade, American actor

• 1972 – Shaun Keaveny, British radio DJ

• 1973 – Ceca Raznatovic, Serbian singer

• 1973 – Sami Kapanen, Finnish hockey player

• 1974 – Jang Jin-young, South Korean actress (d. 2009)

• 1974 – Phillip Rhys, British actor

• 1975 – Ryuji Miki, Japanese racing driver

• 1975 – Chris Onstad, American cartoonist

• 1975 – Bob Nanna, American musician (Braid, Hey Mercedes, The City on Film)

• 1976 – Alan Carr, British Stand-up comedian, Television presenter

• 1976 – Massimo Oddo, Italian football player

• 1977 – Chris McAlister, American football player

• 1977 – Massimiliano Neri, Italian Supermodel

• 1978 – Steve Bégin, French-Canadian hockey player

• 1978 – Diablo Cody, American screenwriter

• 1978 – Annia Hatch, Cuban-American gymnast

• 1981 – Chauncey Leopardi, American actor

• 1981 – Lonneke Engel, Dutch model

• 1982 – Lang Lang, Chinese pianist

• 1982 – Jamie Green, British racing driver

• 1983 – Hirofumi Araki, Japanese actor

• 1983 – John Stocco, American football player

• 1983 – Louis Garrel, French actor

• 1984 – Siobhán Donaghy, British singer (ex-Sugababes)

• 1984 – Lorenzo Booker, American football player

• 1985 – Andy Soucek, Spanish racing driver

• 1986 – Jonathan Clare, English cricketer

• 1987 – Andrew Cogliano, Professional Hockey Player

• 1988 – Kevin Michael McHale, American singer

• 1989 – Lucy Hale, American actress

• 1989 – Courtney Halverson, American actress

• 1992 – Daryl Sabara, American actor

• 1992 – Evan Sabara, American actor

Deaths

• 1161 – Emperor Qinzong of China (b. 1100)

• 1381 – Simon Sudbury, Archbishop of Canterbury

• 1497 – Giovanni Borgia, Duke of Borgia (b. 1474)

• 1544 – Antoine, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1489)

• 1548 – Carpentras, French composer

• 1594 – Orlande de Lassus, Flemish composer

• 1662 – Henry Vane the Younger, British Governor of Massachusetts (b. 1613)

• 1674 – Marin le Roy de Gomberville, French writer (b. 1600)

• 1703 – Jean Herauld Gourville, French adventurer (b. 1625)

• 1794 – Francis Seymour-Conway, 1st Marquess of Hertford, Viceroy of Ireland (b. 1718)

• 1800 – Louis Charles Antoine Desaix, French military leader (b. 1768)

• 1800 – Jean-Baptiste Kleber, French general (b. 1753)

• 1825 – Pierre Charles L'Enfant, French architect (b. 1754)

• 1837 – Giacomo Leopardi, Italian writer (b. 1798)

• 1883 – Edward FitzGerald, English poet (b. 1809)

• 1886 – Aleksandr Ostrovsky, Russian dramatist (b. 1823)

• 1907 – William Le Baron Jenny, American engineer and architect (b. 1832)

• 1908 – Frederick Arthur Stanley, Governor general of Canada (b. 1841)

• 1914 – Adlai Stevenson I, American politician, 23rd Vice President (b. 1835)

• 1916 – João Simões Lopes Neto, Brazilian writer (b. 1865)

• 1920 – Max Weber, German sociologist (b. 1864)

• 1926 – Mary Cassatt, American artist (b. 1843)

• 1927 – Ottavio Bottecchia, Italian cyclist (b. 1894)

• 1927 – Jerome K. Jerome, British author (b. 1859)

• 1928 – Emmeline Pankhurst, British feminist (b. 1857)

• 1932 – Dorimène Roy Desjardins, Canadian business pioneer (b. 1858)

• 1936 – G. K. Chesterton, English author (b. 1874)

• 1936 – Hans Poelzig, German architect (b. 1869)

• 1946 – John Logie Baird, Scottish television pioneer (b. 1888)

• 1967 – Eddie Eagan, American sportsman (b. 1897)

• 1968 – Salvatore Quasimodo, Italian writer, Nobel Laureate (b. 1901)

• 1975 – Pablo Antonio, Filipino modernist architect (b. 1902)

• 1977 – Robert Middleton, American actor (b. 1911)

• 1979 – Ahmad Zahir, Afghan singer and composer (b. 1946)

• 1986 – Jorge Luis Borges, Argentine writer (b. 1899)

• 1986 – Alan Jay Lerner, American composer (b. 1918)

• 1990 – Erna Berger, German soprano (b. 1900)

• 1991 – Dame Peggy Ashcroft, British actress (b. 1907)

• 1994 – Henry Mancini, American composer (b. 1924)

• 1994 – Marcel Mouloudji, French singer and actor (b. 1922)

• 1995 – Rory Gallagher, Irish guitarist (b. 1949)

• 1995 – Roger Zelazny, American author (b. 1937)

• 1997 – Richard Jaeckel, American actor (b. 1926)

• 1999 – Bernie Faloney, professional football player (b. 1932)

• 2000 – Attilio Bertolucci, Italian poet and writer (b. 1911)

• 2002 – June Jordan, American writer and teacher (b. 1936)

• 2003 – Dale Whittington, American racing driver (b. 1959)

• 2004 – Ulrich Inderbinen, Swiss mountain guide (b. 1900)

• 2004 – Eamonn McGirr, Irish-born singer and entertainer

• 2005 – Carlo Maria Giulini, Italian conductor (b. 1914)

• 2005 – Mimi Parent, Canadian painter (b. 1924)

• 2006 – Jean Roba, Belgian comics author (b. 1930)

• 2006 – Monty Berman, British film and television producer (b. 1905)

• 2007 – Ruth Graham, wife of Billy Graham (b. 1920)

• 2007 – Robin Olds, American fighter pilot (b. 1922)

• 2007 – Kurt Waldheim, Austrian politician and statesman (b. 1918)

• 2008 – Jamelão, Brazilian samba singer (b. 1913)

• 2008 – Esbjörn Svensson, Swedish jazz pianist (b. 1964)

• 2009 – Bob Bogle, founding member of The Ventures

• 2009 – Ivan Della Mea, Italian singer-songwriter (b. 1940)

Holidays and observances

• World Blood Donor Day

• Falkland Islands: Liberation Day

• Malawi: Freedom Day

• Baltic Freedom Day

• United States: Flag Day

• Roman Empire: eighth day of the Vestalia in honor of Vesta

• St. Eliseus, Prophet