Events

• 1249 – Coronation of Alexander III as King of Scots.

• 1373 – Anglo-Portuguese Alliance between England (succeeded by the United Kingdom) and Portugal is the oldest alliance in the world which is still in force.

• 1525 – Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for priests and nuns.

• 1625 – King Charles I marries French princess Henrietta Maria de Bourbon

• 1774 – Rhode Island becomes the first of Britain's North American colonies to ban the importation of slaves.

• 1777 – American Revolutionary War: Marquis de Lafayette lands near Charleston, South Carolina, in order to help the Continental Congress to train its army.

• 1798 – Mission San Luis Rey de Francia is founded.

• 1805 – Lewis and Clark Expedition: scouting ahead of the expedition, Meriwether Lewis and four companions sight the Great Falls of the Missouri River.

• 1871 – In Labrador, a hurricane kills 300 people.

• 1881 – The USS Jeannette is crushed in an Arctic Ocean ice pack.

• 1886 – A fire devastates much of Vancouver, British Columbia.

• 1886 – King Ludwig II of Bavaria is found dead in Lake Starnberg south of Munich at 11:30 PM.

• 1893 – Grover Cleveland undergoes secret, successful surgery to remove a large, cancerous portion of his jaw; operation not revealed to US public until 1917, nine years after the president's death.

• 1898 – Yukon Territory is formed, with Dawson chosen as its capital.

• 1910 – The University of the Philippines College of Engineering is established. This unit of the university is said to be the largest degree granting unit in the Philippines.

• 1917 – World War I: the deadliest German air raid on London during World War I is carried out by Gotha G bombers and results in 162 deaths, including 46 children, and 432 injuries.

• 1927 – Aviator Charles Lindbergh receives a ticker-tape parade down 5th Avenue in New York City.

• 1934 – Adolf Hitler and Mussolini meet in Venice, Italy; Mussolini later describes the German dictator as "a silly little monkey".

• 1935 – In one of the biggest upsets in championship boxing, the 10 to 1 underdog James J. Braddock defeats Max Baer in Long Island City, New York, and becomes the heavyweight champion of the world.

• 1942 – The United States opens its Office of War Information.

• 1942 – The United States establish the Office of Strategic Services.

• 1944 – World War II: Germany launches a counter attack on Carentan.

• 1944 – World War II: Germany launches a V1 Flying Bomb attack on England. Only four of the eleven bombs actually hit their targets.

• 1952 – Catalina affair: a Swedish Douglas DC-3 is shot down by a Soviet MiG-15 fighter.

• 1955 – Mir Mine, the first diamond mine in the USSR, is discovered.

• 1966 – The United States Supreme Court rules in Miranda v. Arizona that the police must inform suspects of their rights before questioning them.

• 1967 – U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson nominates Solicitor-General Thurgood Marshall to become the first black justice on the U.S. Supreme Court.

• 1970 – "The Long and Winding Road" becomes the Beatles' last Number 1 song.

• 1971 – Vietnam War: The New York Times begins publication of the Pentagon Papers.

• 1977 – Convicted Martin Luther King Jr. assassin James Earl Ray is recaptured after escaping from prison three days before.

• 1978 – Israeli Defense Forces withdraw from Lebanon.

• 1981 – At the Trooping the Colour ceremony in London, a teenager, Marcus Sarjeant, fires six blank shots at Queen Elizabeth II.

• 1982 – Fahd becomes King of Saudi Arabia upon the death of his brother, Khalid.

• 1983 – Pioneer 10 becomes the first man-made object to leave the solar system.

• 1994 – A jury in Anchorage, Alaska, blames recklessness by Exxon and Captain Joseph Hazelwood for the Exxon Valdez disaster, allowing victims of the oil spill to seek $15 billion in damages.

• 1995 – French president Jacques Chirac announces the resumption of nuclear tests in French Polynesia.

• 1996 – The Montana Freemen surrender after an 81-day standoff with FBI agents.

• 1997 – A jury sentences Timothy McVeigh to death for his part in the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing.

• 1997 – Uphaar cinema fire, in New Delhi, India, killed 59 people, and over 100 people injured.

• 1997 – American fugitive Ira Einhorn is arrested in France for the murder of Holly Maddux after 16 years on the run, though he would not return for another four years.

• 2000 – President Kim Dae Jung of South Korea meets Kim Jong-il, leader of North Korea, for the beginning of the first ever inter-Korea summit, in the northern capital of Pyongyang.

• 2000 – Italy pardons Mehmet Ali Agca, the Turkish gunman who tried to kill Pope John Paul II in 1981.

• 2002 – The United States of America withdraws from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty.

• 2005 – A jury in Santa Maria, California acquits pop singer Michael Jackson of molesting 13-year-old Gavin Arvizo at his Neverland Ranch.

• 2007 – The Al Askari Mosque is bombed for a third time.

Births

• 823 – Charles the Bald, Holy Roman Emperor and King of the West Franks (d. 877)

• 1649 – Adrien Baillet, French scholar and critic (d. 1706)

• 1752 – Fanny Burney, English novelist and diarist (d. 1840)

• 1763 – José Bonifácio de Andrade e Silva, Brazilian statesman (d. 1838)

• 1773 – Thomas Young, English scientist (d. 1829)

• 1775 – Antoni Radziwiłł, Polish politician (d. 1833)

• 1786 – Winfield Scott, U.S. general (d. 1866)

• 1809 – Heinrich Hoffmann, German painter, author of Struwwelpeter (d. 1894).

• 1822 – Carl Schmidt, German chemist (d. 1884)

• 1827 – Alberto Henschel, German-Brazilian photographer and businessman (d. 1882)

• 1831 – James Clerk Maxwell, Scottish physicist (d. 1879)

• 1864 – Rudolf Kjellén, Swedish political scientist (d. 1922)

• 1864 – Dwight B. Waldo, American educator and historian (d. 1939)

• 1863 – Lady Lucy Duff Gordon, English fashion designer (d. 1935)

• 1865 – William Butler Yeats, Irish writer, Nobel laureate (d. 1937)

• 1870 – Jules Bordet, Belgian immunologist and microbiologist, Nobel laureate (d. 1961)

• 1876 – William Sealey Gosset, English chemist, statistician (d. 1937)

• 1884 – Anton Drexler, founder of the German Worker's Party (d. 1942)

• 1884 – Gerald Gardner, British occultist (d. 1964)

• 1884 – Etienne Gilson, French philosopher (d. 1978)

• 1887 – Bruno Frank, German author (d. 1945)

• 1888 – Fernando Pessoa, Portuguese poet (d. 1935)

• 1892 – Basil Rathbone, English actor (d. 1967)

• 1893 – Dorothy L. Sayers, English author (d. 1957)

• 1894 – Dr. Leo Kanner, Austrian-American physician (d. 1981)

• 1894 – Jacques Henri Lartigue, French photographer (d. 1986)

• 1897 – Paavo Nurmi, Finnish runner (d. 1973)

• 1899 – Carlos Chávez, Mexican composer (d. 1978)

• 1901 – Tage Erlander, Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1985)

• 1903 – Red Grange, American football player (d. 1991)

• 1905 – Xian Xinghai, Chinese composer (d. 1945)

• 1906 – Bruno de Finetti, Italian mathematician (d. 1985)

• 1909 – E. M. S. Namboodiripad, Indian politician (d. 1998)

• 1910 – Mary Whitehouse, British campaigner (d. 2001)

• 1910 – Gonzalo Torrente Ballester, Galician writer (d. 1999)

• 1910 – Mary Wickes, American actress (d. 1995)

• 1911 – Luis Alvarez, American physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 1988)

• 1911 – Erwin Wilhelm Müller, German-born physicist (d. 1977)

• 1912 – Hector de Saint-Denys Garneau, French Canadian poet (d. 1943)

• 1915 – Don Budge, American tennis player (d. 2000)

• 1917 – Teddy Turner, comedian (d. 1992)

• 1918 – Ben Johnson, American actor (d. 1996)

• 1918 – Helmut Lent, German night fighter pilot (d. 1944)

• 1922 – Etienne Leroux, Afrikaans author, (d. 1989)

• 1924 – Percy Rodriguez, Canadian actor (d. 2007)

• 1926 – Paul Lynde, American actor (d. 1982)

• 1928 – John Forbes Nash, American mathematician, Nobel laureate

• 1929 – Alan Civil, English French horn player (d. 1989)

• 1929 – Robert Scott, American politician, governor of North Carolina (d. 2009)

• 1930 – Ryszard Kukliński, Polish colonel (d. 2004)

• 1931 – Irvin D. Yalom, psychotherapist,Emeritus Professor of Psychiatry at Stanford University

• 1933 – Tom King, British politician

• 1935 – Christo, Bulgarian artist

• 1935 – Jeanne-Claude Denat de Guillebonnt, French artist

• 1935 – Samak Sundaravej, Thai 25th Prime Minister (former)

• 1937 – Erich Ribbeck, German football player/manager

• 1939 – Tom Cheek, American baseball broadcaster (d. 2005)

• 1940 – Bobby Freeman, American soul singer

• 1941 – Esther Ofarim, Israeli singer

• 1941 – Marcel Lachemann, American baseball player

• 1943 – Malcolm McDowell, English actor

• 1943 – Jim Guy Tucker, American politician, governor of Arkansas

• 1944 – Ban Ki-moon, the current U.N. Secretary General

• 1945 – Whitley Strieber, American author

• 1947 – A. G. Lafley, American executive director

• 1948 – Garnet Bailey, Canadian ice hockey player and executive (d. 2001)

• 1948 – Joe Roth, American executive, producer and film director

• 1949 – Dennis Locorriere, American singer and guitarist (Dr. Hook & The Medicine Show)

• 1949 – Ulla Schmidt, German politician

• 1950 – Michael Stark, Australian actor

• 1950 – Gerd Zewe, German footballer

• 1951 – Richard Thomas, American actor

• 1951 – Stellan Skarsgård, Swedish actor

• 1952 – Tony Bruno, American talkshow host

• 1952 – Jean-Marie Dedecker, Belgian politician and former judoka

• 1953 – Tim Allen, American comedian and actor

• 1954 – Andrzej Lepper, Polish politician

• 1954 – Rita Cadillac, Brazilian dancer

• 1955 – Leah Ward Sears, Chief Justice Georgia Supreme Court

• 1955 – Alan Hansen, Scottish football pundit

• 1959 – Steve Georganas, Australian politician

• 1959 – Lance Kinsey, Canadian actor

• 1961 – Anders Järryd, Swedish tennis player

• 1962 – Ally Sheedy, American actress

• 1962 – Glenn Michibata, Canadian professional tennis player

• 1962 – Davey Hamilton, American racing driver

• 1962 – Hannah Storm, American television personality

• 1963 – Bettina Bunge, German tennis player

• 1963 – Paul De Lisle, American musician (Smash Mouth)

• 1963 – Catarina Lindqvist, Swedish tennis player

• 1964 – Kathy Burke, English actress

• 1964 – Sarunas Marciulionis, Lithuanian basketball player

• 1964 – Christian Wilhelm Berger, Romanian composer

• 1965 – Lukas Ligeti, Austrian composer and drummer

• 1965 – Infanta Cristina, Duchess of Palma de Mallorca

• 1965 – Lisa Vidal, American actress

• 1966 – Grigori Perelman, Russian mathematician

• 1966 – Naoki Hattori, Japanese racing driver

• 1968 – David Gray, British musician

• 1968 – Denise Pearson, British singer (Five Star)

• 1968 – Fabio Baldato, Italian cyclist

• 1968 – Spike Breakwell, British comedian

• 1968 – Marcel Theroux, British writer and broadcaster

• 1969 – Svetlana Krivelyova, Russian athlete

• 1969 – Søren Nystrøm Rasted

• 1970 – Chris Cairns, New Zealand cricketer

• 1970 – Rivers Cuomo, American musician (Weezer)

• 1970 – Mikael Ljungberg, Swedish wrestler (d. 2004)

• 1972 – Natalie MacMaster, Canadian musician

• 1973 – Sam Adams, American football player

• 1973 – Mattias Hellberg, Swedish musician (The Hellacopters)

• 1973 – Ville Laihiala, Finnish musician (Sentenced, Poisonblack)

• 1973 – Kasia Kowalska, Polish pop rock singer

• 1974 – Selma Björnsdóttir, Icelandic singer

• 1974 – Brande Roderick, American actress

• 1974 – Takahiro Sakurai, Japanese voice actor

• 1974 – Valeri Bure, Russian ice hockey player

• 1974 – Stephen "Steve-O" Gilchrist Glover, American stunt performer and television personality.

• 1975 – Ante Covic, Australian footballer

• 1975 – Johannes Grenzfurthner, Austrian artist, writer, curator and director

• 1975 – Riccardo Scimeca, English footballer

• 1976 – Kym Marsh, English singer, actress, & T.V. presenter

• 1976 – Jason 'J' Brown, English Singer

• 1978 – Ethan Embry, American actor

• 1978 – Mathis Künzler, Swiss actor

• 1978 – Jason Michael Carroll, Country musician

• 1978 – Mikako Ichikawa, Japanese actress and model

• 1979 – Nila Håkedal, Norwegian beach volleyball player

• 1980 – Darius Vassell, English footballer

• 1980 – Florent Malouda, French footballer

• 1980 – Jamario Moon, American basketball player

• 1980 – Markus Winkelhock, German racing driver

• 1980 – Sarah Connor, German singer

• 1981 – Chris Evans, American actor

• 1981 – David Madden, 4th-ranked Jeopardy! champion of all-time

• 1982 – Kenenisa Bekele, Ethiopian athlete

• 1983 – Matt Allison, British racing driver

• 1983 – Jason Spezza, Canadian hockey player

• 1983 – Ryan Conferido, American dancer

• 1984 – Nery Castillo, Mexican-Uruguayan footballer

• 1985 – Raz-B, American singer (B2K)

• 1985 – Lela Star, American Pornstar

• 1985 – Danny Syvret, Canadian ice hockey player

• 1985 – Filipe Albuquerque, Portuguese racing driver

• 1986 – Kat Dennings, American actress

• 1986 – Ashley Olsen, American actress

• 1986 – Mary-Kate Olsen, American actress

• 1989 – Lisa Tucker, American singer

• 1989 – Tommy Searle, professional motocross racer

Deaths

• 1036 – Ali az-Zahir, caliph (b. 1005)

• 1231 – Anthony of Padua, Portuguese saint (b. 1195)

• 1256 – Tankei, Japanese sculptor (b. 1173)

• 1636 – George Gordon, 1st Marquess of Huntly, Scottish politician (b. 1562)

• 1645 – Miyamoto Musashi, Japanese swordsman

• 1665 – Egbert Bartholomeusz Kortenaer, Dutch admiral (b. 1604)

• 1760 – Antoine Court, French Huguenot minister (b. 1696)

• 1784 – Henry Middleton, American president of the Continental Congress (b. 1717)

• 1881 – Josef Skoda, Czech physician (b. 1805)

• 1886 – King Ludwig II of Bavaria (b. 1845)

• 1898 – Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau, Canadian lawyer and politician (b. 1840)

• 1904 – Nikiphoros Lytras, Greek painter (b. 1832)

• 1918 – (murdered) Grand Duke Mikhail of Russia, younger brother of Tsar Nicholas II (b. 1878)

• 1930 – Henry Segrave, British racing driver who held land speed records and the water speed record (b. 1896)

• 1931 – Shibasaburo Kitasato, Japanese physician (b. 1851)

• 1943 – Kočo Racin, Macedonian poet (b. 1908)

• 1951 – Ben Chifley, Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1885)

• 1958 – Edwin Keppel Bennett, British writer (b. 1887)

• 1965 – Martin Buber, Austrian philosopher (b. 1878)

• 1965 – David Drummond, Australian politician (b. 1890)

• 1972 – Clyde McPhatter, American musician (b. 1932)

• 1972 – Georg von Békésy, Hungarian biophysicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1899)

• 1972 – Stephanie von Hohenlohe, Austrian-born German World War II spy (b. 1891)

• 1972 – Dündar Taşer, Turkish nationalist (b. 1925)

• 1977 – Matthew Garber, British child actor (Mary Poppins) (b. 1956)

• 1979 – Darla Hood, American actress (b. 1931)

• 1980 – Walter Rodney, Guyanese historian and political figure (b. 1942)

• 1982 – King Khalid of Saudi Arabia (b. 1912)

• 1982 – Peter Maivia, wrestler (b. 1935)

• 1982 – Riccardo Paletti, Formula One driver (b. 1958)

• 1984 – António Variações, Portuguese hairdresser and musician (b. 1944)

• 1986 – Benny Goodman, American musician (b. 1909)

• 1987 – Geraldine Page, American actress (b. 1924)

• 1989 – Fran Allison, American, early television personality (Kukla, Fran and Ollie) (b. 1907)

• 1993 – Deke Slayton, astronaut (b. 1924)

• 1993 – Gérard Côté, Canadian runner (b. 1913)

• 1998 – Birger Ruud, Norwegian athlete (b. 1911)

• 2002 – John Hope, American meteorologist (b. 1919)

• 2003 – Malik Meraj Khalid, Former caretaker Prime Minister of Pakistan (b. 1916)

• 2004 – Dick Durrance, American skier (b. 1914)

• 2004 – Ralph Wiley, American journalist and writer (b. 1952)

• 2005 – Jonathan Adams, English actor (b. 1931)

• 2005 – Álvaro Cunhal, Portuguese politician and writer (b. 1913)

• 2005 – David Diamond, American composer (b. 1915)

• 2005 – Lane Smith, American actor (b. 1936)

• 2006 – Charles Haughey, Taoiseach (b. 1925)

• 2007 – Walid Eido, Lebanese MP (b. 1942)

• 2008 – Tim Russert, American television host, NBC News Meet the Press moderator (b. 1950)

• 2008 – Gertrude Fröhlich-Sandner, Austrian politician (b. 1926)

• 2009 – Mitsuharu Misawa, Japanese professional wrestler (b. 1962)

• 2009 – Fathi Yakan, Lebanese leader and Muslim cleric (b. 1933)

Holidays and observances

• Roman Empire – Quinquatrus Minusculae held in honor of Minerva

• Roman Empire – seventh day of the Vestalia in honor of Vesta

• Saint Anthony of Padua, priest, confessor, Doctor of the Church

• Saint Agricius, bishop of Sens, confessor

• Saint Cetteus, bishop, martyr

• Saint Leo III, pope

• Blessed Thomas Woodhouse, martyr