Daily formal reading of the Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors, at the IJA Engineering College, 1939
The was issued by
Emperor Meiji of
Japan on 4 January 1882. It was the most important document in the development of the
Imperial Japanese Army and
Imperial Japanese Navy.
Details
The Rescript was intended to be the official code of ethics for military personnel, and is often cited along with the
Imperial Rescript on Education as the basis for Japan's prewar national ideology. All military personnel were required to memorize the 2700
kanji document by heart.
The initial draft was written by
Nishi Amane, an Army Ministry bureaucrat and scholar of western philosophy. It was extensively edited by
Inoue Kowashi.
The Rescript was presented to
Army Minister Yamagata Aritomo directly by Emperor Meiji in person in a special ceremony held at the
Tokyo Imperial Palace. This unprecedented action was meant to symbolize the personal bond between the Emperor and the military, making the military in effect, the Emperor's personal army. Coming shortly after the
Satsuma Rebellion, the Rescript stressed absolute personal loyalty of each individual member of the military to the Emperor. The Rescript also cautioned to military personnel to avoid involvement with
political parties or politics in general, and to avoid being influenced by current opinions in the newspapers, reflecting Yamagata's distrust of politicians in particular and democracy in general. The Rescript also advises military personnel to be frugal in their personal habits (reflecting back to the
samurai tradition, and respectful and benevolent to civilians (reflecting on European traditions of
chivalry). However, a clause that the military was subordinate to civilian authority did not make it into the final draft.
The Rescript also contains a number of
Confucian themes including "proper respect to superiors," and also draws upon
Buddhist influences in that "The soldier and the sailor should make simplicity their aim."
A famous precept in the Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors states that "duty is heavier than a mountain; death is lighter than a feather."
Category:Empire of JapanCategory:Military history of JapanCategory:Imperial Japanese ArmyCategory:Imperial Japanese Navyja:軍人勅諭
