thumb|Detail of painting The Muses Urania and Calliope by [[Simon Vouet, in which she is holding a copy of the Odyssey]]

In Greek mythology, Calliope (Greek: Καλλιόπη, Kalliope, "beautiful-voiced", pronounced in English /kə'laɪəpi/ ka-LIE-oh-pee, except when referring to the street in New Orleans) was the muse of heroic poetry, daughter of Zeus and Mnemosyne, and is now best known as Homer's muse, the inspiration for the Iliad and the Odyssey.

One account says Calliope was the lover of the war god Ares, and bore him several sons: Mygdon, Edonus, Biston, and Odomantus - respectively the founders of Thracian tribes known as the Mygdones, Edones, Bistones and Odomantes.

Calliope also had two famous sons, Orpheus and Linus, by either Apollo or the king Oeagrus of Thrace. She taught Orpheus verses for singing . She was the oldest and wisest of the Muses, as well as the most assertive. She married Oeagrus close to Pimpleia,Olympus.

Calliope is always seen with a writing tablet in her hand. At times, she is depicted as carrying a roll of paper or a book or as wearing a gold crown.