The
Bai (;
endonym ) are one of the
56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the
People's Republic of China. They numbered 1,858,063 as of 2000.
The Bai People hold the white colour in high esteem and call themselves "Baizi", "Baini" or "Baihuo", which means white people. In 1956, of their own will they were named the Bai Nationality by Chinese Authorities.
Location
Bai Architecture
Bai people live mostly in the provinces of
Yunnan (
Dali area), and in neighboring
Guizhou (
Bijie area) and
Hunan (
Sangzhi area) provinces. Of the 2 million Bai people, eighty percent live in concentrated communities in the
Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province.
Language
An estimated 1,240,000 (as of 2003) of the Bai speak the
Bai language in all its varieties. The tongue is either a member of the
Sinitic branch or the
Tibeto-Burman branch of the
Sino-Tibetan language family or possibly part of an independent branch of this family.
Religion
A tea-serving ceremonial ground.
Although the Bai people believe in
Buddhism, they also respectively worship their village god ('
Benzhu'), Nature god, the Prince of the
Nanzhao regime, or even a hero of folklore.
Food
For the diet, they prefer sharp, cold and spicy flavor, so they prefer cured ham or fish eaten with rice or flour; though some people in the mountains eat corn as a staple food.
Clothes
The Bai people favor white clothes and decorations. White in Chinese is pronounced 'Bai', so maybe this is where their name derives from. Women in Dali traditionally wear a white coat trimmed with a black or purple collar, blue loose trousers; embroider shoes, silver bracelets and ear rings.
Festivals
The grandest festival of the Bai people is the
March Fair, held annually at the foot of Mt.
Cangshan in Dali between the fifteenth and the twentieth day of the third lunar month. Originally it was religious activity to rally and pay homage, but it gradually evolved into a fair including performances of traditional sports and dance, as well as the trade of merchandise from different regions. Another important festival is the
Torch Festival, held on the 25th day of the sixth lunar month to wish both health and a good harvest. On that evening, the countryside will be decorated with banners with auspicious words written upon them. Villagers will then light torches in front of their gates, then walk around the fields while holding yet more torches in order to catch pests.
Cormorant fishing
Cormorant fishing is a way of using
cormorant birds for fishing and is practiced among the Bai fishermen.
Notable Bai
- Zhao Fan (趙藩) - scholar, calligrapher and poet
See also
