Events

• 338 BC – A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea, securing Macedonian hegemony in Greece and the Aegean.

• 216 BC – Second Punic War: Battle of Cannae – The Carthaginian army lead by Hannibal defeats a numerically superior Roman army under command of consuls Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Terentius Varro.

• 1610 – Henry Hudson sails into what it is now known as Hudson Bay, thinking he had made it through the Northwest Passage and reached the Pacific Ocean.

• 1776 – Delegates to the Continental Congress begin signing the United States Declaration of Independence.

• 1790 – The first US Census is conducted.

• 1798 – French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of the Nile (Battle of Aboukir Bay) concludes in a British victory

• 1869 – Japan's samurai, farmer, artisan, merchant class system (Shinōkōshō) is abolished as part of the Meiji Restoration reforms. (Traditional Japanese date: June 25, 1869).

• 1870 – Tower Subway, the world's first underground tube railway, opens in London.

• 1903 – Fall of the Ottoman Empire: Unsuccessful uprising led by the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization against Ottoman Turkey, also known as the Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising.

• 1916 – World War I: Austrian sabotage causes the sinking of the Italian battleship Leonardo da Vinci in Taranto.

• 1918 – Japan announces that it is deploying troops to Siberia in the aftermath of World War I.

• 1932 – The positron (antiparticle of the electron) is discovered by Carl D. Anderson.

• 1934 – Gleichschaltung: Adolf Hitler becomes Führer of Germany.

• 1937 – The Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 is passed in America, essentially rendering marijuana and all its by-products illegal.

• 1939 – Albert Einstein and Leó Szilárd write a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt, urging him to begin the Manhattan project to develop a nuclear weapon.

• 1943 – Rebellion in the Nazi death camp of Treblinka.

• 1943 – World War II: PT-109 rammed by the Japanese destroyer Amagiri and sinks. Lt. John F. Kennedy, future U.S. President, saves all but two of his crew.

• 1944 – ASNOM: Birth of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia

• 1945 – World War II: Potsdam Conference, in which the Allied Powers discuss the future of defeated Germany, concludes.

• 1964 – Vietnam War: Gulf of Tonkin Incident – North Vietnamese gunboats allegedly fires on U.S. destroyers, USS Maddox and the USS Turner Joy.

• 1967 – The second Blackwall Tunnel opens in Greenwich, London.

• 1968 – The 1968 Casiguran Earthquake hits Casiguran, Aurora, Philippines killing more than 270 people and wounding 261.

• 1973 – A flash fire kills 51 at the Summerland amusement centre at Douglas, Isle of Man.

• 1980 – A bomb explodes at the railway station in Bologna, Italy, killing 85 people and wounding more than 200.

• 1985 – Delta Air Lines Flight 191, a Lockheed L-1011 TriStar crashes at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport killing 137.

• 1989 - Pakistan is re-admitted back into the Commonwealth of Nations, for restoring democracy, since 1972.

• 1989 – 1989 Valvettiturai massacre is carried out by Indian Peace Keeping Force in Sri Lanka killing 64 ethnic Tamil civilians.

• 1990 – Iraq invades Kuwait, eventually leading to conflict with coalition forces in the Gulf War.

Births

• 1455 – John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1499)

• 1533 – Theodor Zwinger, Swiss scholar (d. 1588)

• 1612 – Saskia van Uylenburgh, wife of Rembrandt van Rijn (d. 1642)

• 1672 – Johann Jakob Scheuchzer, Swiss scholar (d. 1733)

• 1674 – Philip II, Duke of Orléans, Regent of France (d. 1723)

• 1696 – Mahmud I, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1754)

• 1702 – Dietrich of Anhalt-Dessau, German Prince (d. 1769)

• 1703 – Lorenzo Ricci, Italian Jesuit leader (d. 1775)

• 1740 – Jean Baptiste Camille Canclaux, French general (d. 1817)

• 1788 – Leopold Gmelin, German chemist (d. 1853)

• 1815 – Adolf Friedrich von Schack, German writer (d. 1894)

• 1820 – John Tyndall, British physicist (d. 1893)

• 1828 – Manuel Pavía y Rodríguez de Alburquerque, Spanish general (d. 1895)

• 1834 – Frédéric Bartholdi, French sculptor (d. 1904)

• 1835 – Elisha Gray, American inventor and entrepreneur (d. 1901)

• 1858 – Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont, queen of the Netherlands (d. 1934)

• 1865 – Irving Babbitt, American literary critic (d. 1933)

• 1865 – John Radecki, Australian stained glass artist (d. 1955)

• 1868 – King Constantine I of Greece (d. 1923)

• 1871 – John French Sloan, American artist (d. 1951)

• 1872 – George E. Stewart, American Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1946)

• 1875 – Mstislav Dobuzhinsky, Russian artist (d. 1957)

• 1878 – Aino Kallas, Finnish – Estonian author (d. 1956)

• 1882 – Red Ames, baseball player (d. 1936)

• 1884 – Rómulo Gallegos, President of Venezuela (d. 1969)

• 1886 – John Alexander Douglas McCurdy Canadian Aviator (d. 1961)

• 1887 – Tommy Ward, Former South African cricketer (d. 1936)

• 1890 – Marin Sais, American actress (d. 1971)

• 1891 – Viktor Maksimovich Zhirmunsky, Russian literary historian, linguist (d. 1971)

• 1892 – Jack Warner, Canadian-born American film producer (d. 1978)

• 1895 – Matt Henderson, Former New Zealand cricketer (d. 1970)

• 1896 – Lorenzo Herrera, Venezuelan singer and composer (d. 1960)

• 1897 – Karl Otto Koch, German SS-officer (d. 1945)

• 1897 – Max Weber, Swiss Federal Councilor (d. 1974)

• 1899 – Charles Bennett, British screenwriter (d. 1995)

• 1902 – Helen Morgan, American actress (d. 1941)

• 1905 – Karl Amadeus Hartmann, German composer (d. 1963)

• 1905 – Myrna Loy, American actress (d. 1993)

• 1907 – Mary Hamman, American writer (d. 1984)

• 1910 – Roger MacDougall, writer (d. 1993)

• 1912 – Palle Huld, Danish actor

• 1912 – Ann Dvorak, American actress (d. 1979)

• 1912 – Vladimir Zerjavic, Croatian statistician (d. 2001)

• 1914 – Félix Leclerc, Quebec singer, songwriter and writer (d. 1988)

• 1914 – Beatrice Straight, American actress (d. 2001)

• 1915 – Gary Merrill, American actor (d. 1990)

• 1919 – Nehemiah Persoff, American actor

• 1920 – Louis Pauwels, French journalist and writer (d. 1997)

• 1923 – Shimon Peres, Israeli politician, Prime Minister of Israel and the ninth President of the State of Israel

• 1924 – James Baldwin, American author (d. 1987)

• 1924 – Joe Harnell, American musician, composer and arranger (d. 2005)

• 1924 – Carroll O'Connor, American actor (d. 2001)

• 1925 – John Dexter, English stage and film director (d. 1990)

• 1925 – John McCormack, Canadian ice hockey player

• 1925 – Jorge Rafael Videla, Argentinian dictator

• 1925 – Alan Whicker, British journalist and broadcaster

• 1926 – Betsy Bloomingdale, American socialite

• 1928 – Malcolm Hilton, Former England cricketer (d. 1990)

• 1930 – Vali Myers, Australian painter (d. 2003)

• 1931 – Pierre DuMaine, Catholic bishop

• 1931 – Viliam Schrojf, Slovak footballer (d. 2007)

• 1931 – Eddie Fuller, Former South African cricketer (d. 2008)

• 1932 – Lamar Hunt, American sports executive (d. 2006)

• 1932 – Peter O'Toole, Irish-born actor

• 1934 – Valery Bykovsky, Soviet cosmonaut

• 1935 – Hank Cochran, American country music singer and songwriter

• 1937 – Billy Cannon, American football player

• 1937 – Garth Hudson, Canadian musician (The Band)

• 1938 – Dave Balon, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2007)

• 1938 – Pierre de Bané, French Canadian politician

• 1938 – Terry Peck, Falkland Islander-born British soldier (d. 2006)

• 1939 – Benjamin Barber, American political theorist

• 1939 – Wes Craven, American film director

• 1939 – John W. Snow, American 73rd United States Secretary of the Treasury

• 1941 – Doris Coley, American singer (Shirelles) (d. 2000)

• 1942 – Isabel Allende, Chilean author

• 1943 – Tom Burgmeier, American baseball player

• 1943 – Max Wright, American actor

• 1944 – Jim Capaldi, British musician and songwriter (Traffic) (d. 2005)

• 1944 – Naná Vasconcelos, Brazilian jazz musician

• 1945 – Joanna Cassidy, American actress

• 1945 – Alex Jesaulenko, Australian rules footballer

• 1947 – Massiel, Spanish singer

• 1948 – Andy Fairweather Low, British guitarist

• 1948 – Dennis Prager, American radio talk show host and author

• 1949 – James Fallows, American journalist

• 1950 – Lance Ito, American judge

• 1950 – Sue Rodriguez, Canadian assisted suicide advocate (d. 1994)

• 1951 – Andrew Gold, American musician and songwriter

• 1951 – Joe Lynn Turner, American singer (Deep Purple, Rainbow)

• 1951 – Freddie Wadling, Swedish actor and musician (The Leather Nun, Fleshquartet)

• 1951 – Per Westerberg, Swedish politician

• 1953 – Marjo, Quebec singer

• 1953 – Butch Patrick, American actor

• 1954 – James Charles Kopp, American citizen who murdered Barnett Slepian

• 1954 – Sammy McIlroy, Northern Irish footballer and manager

• 1955 – Caleb Carr, American novelist and military historian

• 1955 – Tim Dunigan, American Actor

• 1955 – Tony Godden, English footballer

• 1956 – Fulvio Melia, Italian-American physicist/astrophysicist and author

• 1956 – Jim Neidhart, American professional wrestler

• 1956 – Isabel Pantoja, Spanish singer

• 1957 – Mojo Nixon, American musician and actor

• 1958 – Arshad Ayub, Former Indian cricketer

• 1959 – Victoria Jackson, American comedian

• 1959 – Apollonia Kotero, American singer and actress

• 1960 – Neal Morse, American musician (Spock's Beard, Transatlantic)

• 1960 – David Yow, American musician (Scratch Acid, The Jesus Lizard)

• 1961 – Graham Dye, English singer/songwriter and guitarist (Scarlet Party; The Alan Parsons Project)

• 1961 – Linda Fratianne, American figure skater

• 1961 – Cold 187um, American rapper (Above the Law)

• 1963 – Daniel Pelosi, American convicted murderer

• 1963 – Laura Bennett, American architect and designer

• 1964 – Frank Biela, German racing driver

• 1964 – Mary-Louise Parker, American actress

• 1965 – Hisanobu Watanabe, Japanese baseball player and coach

• 1966 – Takayuki Iizuka, Japanese professional wrestler

• 1966 – Tim Wakefield, American baseball player

• 1966 – M.V. Sridhar, Indian cricketer

• 1967 – Aaron Krickstein, American tennis player

• 1967 – Aline Brosh McKenna, American screenwriter

• 1968 – Stefan Effenberg, German footballer

• 1968 – John Stanier, American musician Helmet

• 1969 – Cedric Ceballos, American basketball player

• 1969 – Fernando Couto, Portuguese footballer

• 1969 – Jan Axel Blomberg Norwegian musician (Dimmu Borgir, Winds, Mayhem)

• 1969 – Richard Hallebeek, Dutch guitarist

• 1970 – Tony Amonte, American ice hockey player

• 1970 – Kevin Smith, American director and screenwriter

• 1970 – Philo Wallace, West-Indian cricketer

• 1971 – Alice Evans, English actress

• 1971 – Michael Hughes, Irish footballer

• 1972 – Mohamed Al-Deayea, Saudi Arabian footballer

• 1972 – Jacinda Barrett, Australian model and actress

• 1972 – Daniele Nardello, Italian professional road racing cyclist

• 1972 – Justyna Steczkowska, Polish singer

• 1973 – Hiroyuki Goto, Japanese game designer

• 1973 – Danie Keulder, Namibian cricketer

• 1974 – Angie Cepeda, Colombian actress

• 1975 – Mineiro, Brazilian footballer

• 1975 – Xu Huaiwen, Chinese-born badminton player

• 1975 – Ingrid Rubio, Spanish actress

• 1976 – Reyes Estévez, Spanish athlete

• 1976 – Sam Worthington, Australian actor

• 1976 – Jay Heaps, American footballer

• 1976 – Michael Weiss, Olympic figure skater

• 1976 – Mohammad Zahid, Pakistani cricketer

• 1977 – Edward Furlong, American actor

• 1978 – Goran Gavrančić, Serbian footballer

• 1978 – Matt Guerrier, American baseball player

• 1979 – Reuben Kosgei, Kenyan athlete

• 1980 – Ivica Banović, Croatian footballer

• 1981 – Aleksander Emelianenko, Russian MMA fighter ( Fedor's brother)

• 1982 – Hélder Postiga, Portuguese footballer

• 1982 – Kerry Rhodes, American football player

• 1982 – Grady Sizemore, American baseball player

• 1983 – Nick Diaz, American MMA fighter

• 1984 – Giampaolo Pazzini, Italian footballer

• 1985 – Harry Smith, Canadian professional wrestler

• 1986 – Mathieu Razanakolona, Malagasy skier

• 1991 – Evander Kane, Canadian ice hockey player

Deaths

• 686 – Pope John V

• 924 – Ælfweard of Wessex (b. 904)

• 1100 – King William II of England

• 1222 – Count Raymond VI of Toulouse (b. 1156)

• 1445 – Oswald von Wolkenstein, Austrian composer (b. 1376 or 1377)

• 1511 – Andrew Barton, Scottish naval leader

• 1589 – King Henry III of France (b. 1551)

• 1611 – Kato Kiyomasa, Japanese warlord and samurai (b. 1562)

• 1696 – Robert Campbell of Glenlyon, Scottish military commander (b. 1630)

• 1769 – Daniel Finch, 8th Earl of Winchilsea, English politician (b. 1689)

• 1776 – Louis François I, Prince of Conti, French military leader (b. 1717)

• 1788 – Thomas Gainsborough, English artist (b. 1727)

• 1799 – Jacques-Étienne Montgolfier, French inventor (b. 1745)

• 1815 – Guillaume Marie Anne Brune, French marshal (b. 1763)

• 1823 – Lazare Carnot, French general, politician, and mathematician (b. 1753)

• 1849 – Governor Muhammad Ali of Egypt (b. 1769)

• 1859 – Horace Mann, American educator and abolitionist (b. 1796)

• 1876 – James Butler "Wild Bill" Hickok, American gunfighter (b. 1837)

• 1889 – Eduardo Gutiérrez, Argentinian author (b. 1851)

• 1890 – Louise-Victorine Ackermann, French poet (b. 1813)

• 1903 – Edmond Nocard, French veterinarian (b. 1850)

• 1920 – Ormer Locklear, American stunt pilot (b. 1891)

• 1921 – Enrico Caruso, Italian tenor (b. 1873)

• 1922 – Alexander Graham Bell, Scottish-born inventor, invented the telephone(b. 1847)

• 1923 – Warren G. Harding, 29th President of the United States (b. 1865)

• 1929 – Mae Costello, American actress (b. 1882)

• 1934 – Paul von Hindenburg, German field marshal and President of Germany (b. 1847)

• 1936 – Louis Blériot, French aviation pioneer (b. 1872)

• 1939 – Harvey Spencer Lewis, American Rosicrucian mystic (b. 1883)

• 1945 – Pietro Mascagni, Italian composer (b. 1863)

• 1955 – Alfred Lépine, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1901)

• 1972 – Helen Hoyt, American poet (b. 1887)

• 1972 – Brian Cole, American bass player (The Association) (b. 1942)

• 1973 – Jean-Pierre Melville, French film director (b. 1917)

• 1974 – W. Douglas Hawkes, British racing driver (b. 1893)

• 1976 – Fritz Lang, Austrian film director (b. 1890)

• 1978 – Carlos Chávez, Mexican composer (b. 1899)

• 1979 – Thurman Munson, American baseball player (b. 1947)

• 1983 – James Jamerson, American musician (b. 1936)

• 1986 – Roy Cohn, American politician (b. 1927)

• 1988 – Raymond Carver, American writer (b. 1938)

• 1988 – Joe Carcione, American consumer advocate (b. 1914)

• 1990 – Norman Mclean, American writer (b. 1902)

• 1990 – Edwin Richfield, British actor (b. 1921)

• 1992 – Michel Berger, French singer and songwriter (b. 1947)

• 1996 – Michel Debré, French politician (b. 1912)

• 1996 – Mohamed Farrah Aidid, Somalian Warlord (b. 1934)

• 1997 – William S. Burroughs, American writer (b. 1914)

• 1997 – Fela Anikulapo Kuti, Nigerian musician (b. 1938)

• 1998 – Shari Lewis, American puppeteer (b. 1933)

• 2001 – Ron Townson, American singer (The 5th Dimension) (b. 1933)

• 2003 – Don Estelle, British actor (b. 1933)

• 2003 – Mike Levey, American television personality (b. 1948)

• 2003 – Peter Safar, Austrian physician (b. 1924)

• 2004 – Don Tosti, American musician (b. 1923)

• 2004 – François Craenhals, Belgian comics artist (b. 1926)

• 2005 – Steven Vincent, American journalist and writer (b. 1955)

• 2007 – Chauncey Bailey, American journalist and editor (b. 1950)

• 2007 – Holden Roberto, Angolan founder and leader of the FNLA (b. 1923)

• 2007 – Kay Dotrice, English repertory actress (b. 1929)

• 2008 – Fujio Akatsuka, Japanese cartoonist (b. 1935)

Holidays and observances

• Costa Rica – Our Lady of the Angels.

• Republic of Macedonia – Republic Day.

• Day of Airborne Forces in Russia and Ukraine.

• Day of Azerbaijani cinema

• Basil Fool for Christ in the Russian Orthodox Church

• Saint Abel in the Syrian church

• Saint Alphonsus Mary de Ligouri

• Translation of Saint Alban, martyr (protomartyr of England)

• Saint Auspicius, Bishop of Apt, martyr

• Saint Eusebius, Bishop of Vercelli

• Saint Stephen I, pope, martyr