The Anglo-Frisian languages (sometimes Insular Germanic) are a group of Ingvaeonic West Germanic languages consisting of Old English, Old Frisian, and their descendants. The Anglo-Frisian family tree is:

• Anglo-Frisian

• *English group (Insular Anglo-Frisian or Anglic)

• **English

• **Scots

• **Yola (extinct)

• *Frisian group (Continental Anglo-Frisian)

• **West Frisian

• **Saterland Frisian (East Frisian)

• **North Frisian

The Anglo-Frisian languages are distinguished from other West Germanic languages partially by the Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law, Anglo-Frisian brightening and by the palatalization of Proto-Germanic to a coronal affricate before front vowels: cf. English cheese and West Frisian tsiis to Dutch kaas and German Käse, or English church and West Frisian tsjerke to Dutch kerk and German Kirche. Early Anglo-Frisian formed a Sprachbund with Old Saxon, which is counted among the Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages.

The German linguist Friedrich Maurer rejected Anglo-Frisian as a historical subdivision of the Germanic languages. Instead, he proposed North Sea Germanic or Ingvaeonic, a common ancestor of Old Frisian, Old English and Old Saxon.

Examples

Compare the words for the numbers one to ten in the Anglo-Frisian languages.

*Category:West Germanic languagesCategory:Articles lacking sources (Erik9bot)
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