Events

Excavated dwellings at Skara Brae, Europe's most complete Neolithic village.

• c. 3150 BC: According to the legend, Narmer (First Dynasty) started to rule in Ancient Egypt.

• c. 3125 BC: Narmer died.

• 29 June 3123 BC: A probably legendary asteroid approach on collision course is reputedly documented by a Sumerian astronomer (alleged collision happened near modern Koefels, Austria; see Sturzstrom)

• Varna Necropolis: what have been claimed to be the earliest-known worked gold artifacts are manufactured.

• Malta: Construction of the Ħaġar Qim megalithic temples, featuring both solar and lunar alignments. "Tarxien period" of megalithic temple construction reaches its apex.

• Ancient Egypt: Earliest known Egyptian hieroglyphs, beginning of the Early Dynastic Period of Egypt.

• Crete: Rise of Minoan civilization.

• Neolithic settlement built at Skara Brae in the Orkney Islands, Scotland. (pictured)

• New Stone Age people in Ireland build the 250,000 ton (226,796.2 tonne) Newgrange solar oriented passage tomb.

Significant persons

• Enoch, son of Jared, (3138 BC–2873 BC?) according to the Hebrew Calendar

• Narmer, successor of King Scorpion and founder of the First dynasty of Ancient Egypt

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

• 3102 BC—According to Hindu tradition, the Kali Yuga begins with the disappearance of Krishna, marking the end of the Dvapara Yuga, after which the epic heroes of the Mahabharata the Pandavas retire to the Himalayas.

• 3114 BC—According to the most widely accepted correlations between the Western calendar and the calendar systems of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, the mythical starting point of the current Mesoamerican Long Count calendar cycle occurs in this year. The Long Count calendar, used and refined most notably by the Maya civilization but also attested in some other (earlier) Mesoamerican cultures, consisted of a series of interlocked cycles or periods of day-counts, which mapped out a linear sequence of days from a notional starting point. The system originated sometime in the Mid- to Late Preclassic period of Mesoamerican chronology, during the latter half of the 1st millennium BC. The starting point of the most commonly used highest-order cycle—the b'ak'tun-cycle consisting of thirteen b'ak'tuns of 144,000 days each—was projected back to an earlier, mythical date. This date is equivalent to 11 August 3114 BC in the proleptic Gregorian calendar (or 6 September in the proleptic Julian calendar), using the correlation known as the "Goodman-Martinéz-Thompson (GMT) correlation". The GMT-correlation is worked out with the Long Count starting date equivalent to the Julian Day Number (JDN) equal to 584283, and is accepted by most Mayanist scholars as providing the best fit with the ethnohistorical data.See survey by Finley (2002). Two succeeding dates, the 12th and 13th of August (Gregorian) have also been supported, with the 13th (JDN = 584285, the "astronomical" or "Lounsbury" correlation) attracting significant support as according better with astronomical observational data. Although it is still contended which of these three dates forms the actual starting base of the Long Count, the correlation to one of this triad of dates is definitively accepted by almost all contemporary Mayanists. All other earlier or later correlation proposals are now discounted. The end of the thirteenth baktun is either on December 21 or 23 of 2012.

• 3100 BC—the earliest phase of Stonehenge construction begins.