Events

January

• January 5 – The Ford Motor Company announces an eight-hour workday and a minimum wage of $5 for a day's labor.

• January 9 – The Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity, Inc. is founded at Howard University in Washington, D.C.

• January 10 – Mexican Revolution: Pancho Villa's troops take Ojinaga in the Mexican state of Chihuahua.

February

• February 2 – Charles Chaplin makes his film debut in the comedy short Making a Living.

• February 13 – Copyright: In New York City the ASCAP (for American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers) is established to protect the copyrighted musical compositions of its members.

• February 26 – The HMHS Britannic, sister to the RMS Titanic, is launched at Harland & Wolff Shipyards in Belfast.

March

• March 1 – The Republic of China joins the Universal Postal Union.

• March 7 – Prince William of Wied arrives in Albania to begin his reign.

• March 10 – Suffragette Mary Richardson damages Velázquez' painting Rokeby Venus in London's National Gallery with a meat chopper.

• March 16 – The wife of French minister Joseph Caillaux shoots Gaston Calmette, the editor of Le Figaro, because he threatened to publish Caillaux's love letters to her during his previous marriage (she is later acquitted).

• March 25 – The Greek multisport club Aris Thessaloniki is founded.

• March 27 – Belgian surgeon Albert Hustin makes the first successful non-direct blood transfusion, using anticoagulants.

• March 29 – Katherine Routledge and her husband arrive in Easter Island to make the first true study of it (they depart August 1915)

April

• April 9 – The Tampico Affair results in the occupation of the Mexican port city of Veracruz for over 6 months.

• April 11 – Alpha Rho Chi, a professional architecture fraternity, is founded in the Hotel Sherman in Chicago.

• April 11 – Canadian Margaret C. MacDonald is appointed Matron-in-Chief of the Canadian Nursing service band and becomes the first woman in the British Empire to reach the rank of major.

• April 14 – The city of Irving, Texas is incorporated.

• April 20 – Colorado coalfield Massacre or Ludlow Massacre: The Colorado National Guard attacks a tent colony of 1,200 striking coal miners in Ludlow, killing 24 people.

• April 21 – 3,000 U.S. Marines land in Vera Cruz, Mexico.

• The American Radio Relay League is founded.

• April 25 – FA Cup Burnley beat Liverpool by a goal to nil

May

• May 9 – J.T. Hearne becomes the first bowler to take 3,000 first-class wickets.

• May 14 – Woodrow Wilson signs a Mother's Day proclamation.

• May 25 – The United Kingdom's House of Commons passes Irish Home Rule.

• May 29 – The ocean liner RMS Empress of Ireland sinks in the Gulf of St. Lawrence; 1,012 lives are lost.

June

• June 1 – Woodrow Wilson's envoy Edward Mandell House meets with Kaiser Wilhelm II.

• June 18 – Mexican Revolution: The Constitutionals take San Luis Potosí; Venustiano Carranza demands Victoriano Huerta's surrender.

• June 23 – The Kiel Canal is reopened (having been deepened) by the Kaiser; the British Fleet under Sir G. Warrender visits; the Kaiser inspects the dreadnought .

• June 28 – Serb nationalist Gavrilo Princip assassinates Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife, Duchess Sophie, in Sarajevo.

• June 29 – Austria-Hungary: The Secretary of the Legation at Belgrade sends a dispatch to Vienna suggesting Serbian complicity in the crime of Sarajevo. Anti-Serb riots erupt in Sarajevo and throughout Bosnia generally.

• June 29 – Chionya Gusyeva attempts and fails to assassinate Grigori Rasputin at his home town in Siberia.

• June 30 – In Great Britain, addresses in Parliament on the murdered Archduke include Lords Crewe & Lansdowne in the House of Lords, and Messrs. Asquith & Law in the House of Commons.

July

• July 2 – The German Kaiser announces that he will not attend the Archduke's funeral.

• July 4 – The Archduke's funeral takes place at Artstetten (50 miles west of Vienna), Austria-Hungary.

• July 5 – A council is held at Potsdam.

• July 6 – The German Kaiser leaves Kiel for a cruise in northern German waters.

• July 7 – Austria-Hungary convenes a Council of Ministers, including Ministers for Foreign Affairs and War, the Chief of the General Staff and Naval Commander-in-Chief; the Council lasts from 11.30 a.m. to 6.15 p.m.

• July 9 – The House of Lords completes the recasting of the Amendment Bill.

• July 9 – The Emperor of Austria-Hungary receives the report of Austro-Hungarian investigation into the Sarajevo crime. The Times publishes an account of the Austro-Hungarian press campaign against the Serbians (who are described as "pestilent rats").

• July 10 – Mr. Hartwig, Russian Minister to Serbia, dies suddenly at the Austrian Legation in Belgrade.

• July 11 – Baseball legend Babe Ruth makes his major league debut with the Red Sox.

• July 12 – Demonstrations in Ulster suggest civil war.

• July 13 – Reports surface of a projected Serbian attack upon the Austro-Hungarian Legation at Belgrade.

• July 14 – The Government of Ireland Amending Bill is passed by the House of Lords.

• July 15 – Mexican Revolution: Victoriano Huerta resigns and leaves for .

• July 15 – Count Tisza makes a statement in the Hungarian chamber regarding relations with Serbia: "They must be cleared up."

• July 18 – The Signal Corps of the United States Army is formed, giving definite status to its air service for the first time.

• July 18 – The British Fleet at Spithead is reviewed by the King.

• July 19 – Austria-Hungary – A press scare concerning an alleged "Greater Serbia" conspiracy occurs.

• July 19 – The King of England summons a conference to discuss the Irish Home Rule problem.

• July 23 – Austria-Hungary presents Serbia with an unconditional ultimatum.

• July 27 – Felix Manalo registers the Iglesia Ni Cristo with the Filipino government.

• July 28 – Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia and its army bombards Belgrade.

• July 28 – Tsar Nicholas II of Russia orders a partial mobilization against Austria-Hungary.

• July 29 – Russia orders full mobilization.

August

• August 1 – Marcus Garvey founds the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) in Jamaica.

• August 1 – Germany declares war on Russia, following Russia's military mobilization in support of Serbia; Germany also begins mobilization.

• August 1 – France orders general mobilization.

• August 1 – New York Stock Exchange closed due to war in Europe, where nearly all stock exchanges were already closed.

• August 2 – German troops occupy Luxembourg in accordance with its Schlieffen Plan.

• August 2 – A secret treaty between Turkey and Germany secures Turkish neutrality.

• August 2 – At 7:00 PM (local time) Germany issues a 12-hour ultimatum to Belgium to allow German passage into France.

• August 3 – Germany declares war on Russia's ally France.

• August 3 – At 7:00 AM (local time) Belgium declines to accept Germany's ultimatum of August 2.

• August 4 – German troops invade neutral Belgium at 8:02 AM (local time). Britain declares war on Germany for this violation of Belgian neutrality. This move effectively means a declaration of war by the whole British Commonwealth and Empire against Germany. The United States declares neutrality.

• August 5 – Montenegro declares war on Austria-Hungary.

• August 5 – German zeppelins drop bombs on Liège, killing 9 civilians.

• August 5 – 16 – Battle of Liège: The German Army overruns and defeats the Belgians.

• August 6 – Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia.

• August 8 – German colonial forces execute Martin-Paul Samba for high treason.

• August 12 – Battle of Haelen: Belgian troops repulse the Germans.

• August 15 – The Panama Canal is inaugurated with the passage of the steamship U.S.S. Ancon.

• August 15 – Mexican Revolution: Venustiano Carranza's troops under general Alvaro Obregon enter Mexico City.

• August 15 – Edward Elgar's Sospiri, a moving adagio for strings and harp, is first performed in London.

• August 16–August 19 – Battle of Cer: Serbian troops defeat the Austro-Hungarian armies, in the first Entente victory in World War I.

• August 17–September 2 – World War I: The Battle of Tannenberg begins between German and Russian forces.

• August 20 – World War I: German forces occupy Brussels. Pope Pius X dies.

• August 23 – Japan declares war on Germany.

• August 26–August 27 – Battle of Le Cateau: British, French and Belgian forces make a successful tactical retreat from the German advance.

• August 26–August 30 – The Russian Second Army is surrounded and defeated in the Battle of Tannenberg.

• August 28 – Battle of Heligoland: British cruisers under Admiral Beatty sink 3 German cruisers.

• August 29–30 – The Battle of St. Quentin: French forces hold back the German advance.

September

Pope Benedict XV, the new Pope

• September 1 – St. Petersburg, Russia changes its name to Petrograd.

• *The last known passenger pigeon "Martha" dies in the Cincinnati Zoo.

• September 2 – Moronvilliers is occupied by the Germans.

• September 3 – Pope Benedict XV (Giacomo della Chiesa) succeeds Pope Pius X as the 258th pope.

• September 3 – William, Prince of Albania leaves the country after just 6 months due to opposition to his rule.

• September 5 – London Agreement: No member of the Triple Entente (Britain, France, or Russia) may seek a separate peace with the Central Powers.

• September 5 – World War I – First Battle of the Marne: Northeast of Paris, the French 6th Army under General Maunoury attacks German forces nearing Paris. Over 2 million fight (500,000 killed/wounded) in the Allied victory.

• September 6 – A French and British counterattack at the Marne ends the German advance on Paris.

• September 13 – South African troops open hostilities in German South-West Africa (today Namibia) with an assault on the Ramansdrift police station.

• September 13–28 – The First Battle of the Aisne ends indecisively.

• September 17 – Andrew Fisher becomes Prime Minister of Australia for the third time.

• September 26 – The U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is established by the Federal Trade Commission Act.

• September 30 – The Flying Squadron is established to promote the temperance movement.

October

• October 3 – World War I: 33,000 Canadian troops depart for Europe, the largest force to ever cross the Atlantic Ocean at the time.

• October 7 – Joseph Patrick Kennedy Sr. marries Rose Fitzgerald in Boston.

• October 9 – World War I – Siege of Antwerp: Antwerp, Belgium falls to German troops.

• October 28 – World War I – Battle of Penang, Malaya: The German cruiser Emden sinks a Russian cruiser and French destroyer before escaping.

• October 29 – World War I: Ottoman warships shell Russian Black Sea ports; Russia, France, and Britain declare war on November 1–November 5.

November

• November 1 – World War I – Battle of Coronel: A Royal Navy squadron commanded by Rear-Admiral Sir Christopher Cradock is met and defeated by superior German forces led by Vice-Admiral Graf Maximilian von Spee, in the first British naval defeat of the war, resulting in the loss of HMS Good Hope and HMS Monmouth.

• November 4 – Britain and France declare war on Turkey.

• November 5 – The United Kingdom annexes Cyprus, and together with France declares war on the Ottoman Empire.

• November 7 – The Japanese seize Jiaozhou Bay in China, the base of the German East Asia Squadron.

• November 9 – World War I – Battle of Cocos: The German cruiser Emden is sunk by the Australian cruiser Sydney.

• November 16 – A year after being created by passage of the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, the Federal Reserve Bank of the United States officially opens for business.

• November 16 – World War I – The Battle of Kolubara begins: Serbian forces engaged by Austro-Hungarian forces.

• November 23 – U.S. troops withdraw from Veracruz. Venustiano Carranza's troops take over and Carranza makes the town his headquarters.

• November 24 – Benito Mussolini is expelled from the Italian Socialist Party.

• November 28 – World War I: Following a war-induced closure in July, the New York Stock Exchange re-opens for bond trading.

December

• December 5 – The Toronto Argonauts win their first Grey Cup at Varsity Stadium.

• December 8 – Battle of the Falkland Islands, between Doveton Sturdee and Maximilian von Spee squadrons.

• December 12 – The New York Stock Exchange re-opened, having been closed since 1 Aug 1914 except for bond trading.

• December 12 – The largest one-day percentage drop in the history of the Dow Jones Industrial Average 24.39%.

• December 15 – A gas explosion at the Mitsubishi Hojyo coal mine, Kyūshū, Japan, kills 687 (the worst coal mine disaster in Japanese history).

• December 17 – U.S. President Woodrow Wilson signs the Harrison Narcotics Tax Act (initially introduced by Francis Burton Harrison).

• December 19 – The Battle of Kolubara ends, resulting in a decisive Serbian victory over Austria-Hungary.

• December 24 – World War I: British and German soldiers interrupt World War I to celebrate Christmas, beginning the Christmas truce.

Undated

• Oxymorphone, a powerful narcotic analgesic closely related to morphine is first developed in Germany.

• Blaise Diagne of Senegal becomes the first black African representative in the French parliament.

• The first everyday items made of stainless steel come into public circulation.

• Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi returns to India from South Africa to spearhead the Indian independence movement.

• The capital of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China is moved from Guilin to Nanning.

• The Port of Orange, Texas is dredged for the fabrication of vessels for the United States Navy.

• The United States Power Squadrons is formed.

• Phi Sigma, a local undergraduate classical club, is founded by a group of students in the Greek Department at the University of Chicago.

• Henry Ford sells 248,000 cars.

• China declares its neutrality in World War I.

Ongoing

• World War I (1914–1918)

• Assyrian Genocide (1914–1922)

• Mexican Revolution

• The Partition of Africa ended (1880–1914)

Births

January

• January 1 – Noor Inayat Khan, World War II heroine (d. 1944)

• January 2 – Violet Vivian Finlay Stuart Mann (aka Vivian Stuart, Alex Stuart, Barbara Allen, Fiona Finlay, V.A. Stuart, William Stuart Long, Robyn Stuart), British writer (d. 1986)

• January 4 – Herman Franks, American baseball player (d. 2009)

• January 4 – Jean-Pierre Vernant, French historian and anthropologist (d. 2007)

• January 5 – George Reeves, American actor (Superman) (d. 1959)

• January 6 – Danny Thomas, American singer, actor, and comedian (Make Room For Daddy) (d. 1991)

• January 12 – Albrecht von Goertz, German car designer (d. 2006)

• January 13 – Ted Willis, British television dramatist and author (d. 1992)

• January 14 – Harold Russell, Canadian actor (d. 2002)

• January 15 – Hugh Trevor-Roper, Baron Dacre of Glanton, English historian (d. 2003)

• January 17 – William Stafford, American poet and pacifist (d. 1993)

• January 17 – Anacleto Angelini, Italian-born businessman (d. 2007)

• January 18 – Arno Schmidt, German author (d. 1979)

• January 26 – Princess Hadice Hayriye Ayshe Dürrühsehvar (d. 2006)

• January 30 – John Ireland, Canadian-born actor (d. 1992)

• January 30 – David Wayne, American actor (d. 1995)

• January 31 – Jersey Joe Walcott, American boxer (d. 1994)

February

• February 1 – George Nissen, American gymnast and inventor

• February 4 – Alfred Andersch, German writer (d. 1980)

• February 4 – Ida Lupino, English actress, director, and writer (d. 1995)

• February 5 – Silvius Magnago, Italian politician

• February 5 – William S. Burroughs, American author (The Naked Lunch) (d. 1997)

• February 5 – Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, British scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1998)

• February 6 – Thurl Ravenscroft, American voice actor (d. 2005)

• February 9 – Ernest Tubb, American singer (d. 1984)

• February 9 – Bill Justice, American Disney animator

• February 11 – Matt Dennis, American singer (d. 2002)

• February 12 – Tex Beneke, American musician (d. 2000)

• February 15 – Kevin McCarthy, American actor

• February 16 – Jimmy Wakely, American country-western singer and actor (d. 1982)

• February 19 – Jacques Dufilho, French comedian and actor (d. 2005)

• February 20 – Peter Rogers, British film producer (d. 2009)

• February 22 – Renato Dulbecco, Italian-born virologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

• February 23 – Theofiel Middelkamp, Dutch cyclist (d. 2005)

• February 24 – Zachary Scott, American actor (d. 1965)

March

• March 1 – Ralph Ellison, American writer (d. 1994)

• March 2 – Martin Ritt, American director (d. 1990)

• March 4 – Ward Kimball, American cartoonist (d. 2002)

• March 4 – Robert R. Wilson, American physicist, sculptor and architect (d. 2000)

• March 6 – Kiril Kondrashin, Russian conductor (d. 1981)

• March 8 – Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich, Russian physicist (d. 1987)

• March 13 – Edward O'Hare, American pilot (d. 1943)

• March 14 – Bill Owen, English actor (d. 1999)

• March 14 – Abdias do Nascimento, Brazilian actor, artist and politician

• March 17 – Sammy Baugh, American football player (d. 2008)

• March 19 – Jay Berwanger, American football player (d. 2002)

• March 25 – Norman Borlaug, American agricultural scientist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 2009)

• March 26 – William Westmoreland, American Vietnam War general (d. 2005)

• March 27 – Budd Schulberg, American screenwriter (d. 2009)

• March 28 – Edmund Muskie, American politician (d. 1996)

• March 30 – Sonny Boy Williamson I, American musician (d. 1948)

• March 31 – Octavio Paz, Mexican diplomat and writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)

April

• April 2 – Alec Guinness, English actor (d. 2000)

• April 2 – Hans Wegner, Danish furniture designer (d. 2007)

• April 3 – Sam Manekshaw, Field Marshall of Indian Army (d.2008)

• April 4 – Marguerite Duras, French author and director (d. 1996)

• April 4 – Richard Coogan, American actor

• April 4 – Frances Langford, American singer and actress (d. 2005)

• April 8 – Maria Felix, Mexican actress (d. 2002)

• April 8 – Claire Martin, Canadian author

• April 9 – Nouhak Phoumsavanh, President of Laos (d. 2008)

• April 11 – Robert Stanfield, Premier of Nova Scotia (d. 2003)

• April 12 – Armen Alchian, American author and economist

• April 12 – Adriaan Blaauw, Dutch astronomer

• April 13 – Orhan Veli, Turkish poet (d. 1950)

• April 21 – James Henry Quello, American Federal Communications Commissioner

• April 22 – Jan de Hartog, Dutch writer (d. 2002)

• April 22 – Baldev Raj Chopra, Indian film director (d. 2008)

• April 25 – Ross Lockridge, Jr., American writer (d. 1948)

• April 26 – Bernard Malamud, American author (d. 1986)

• April 26 – Lilian Rolfe, French-born World War II heroine (d. 1941)

• April 28 – Michel Mohrt, French author and historian

• April 30 – Dorival Caymmi, Brazilian songwriter (d. 2008)

May

• May 8 – Romain Gary, Russian-born writer and diplomat (d. 1980)

• May 9 – Hank Snow, Canadian country musician (d. 1999)

• May 12 – Bertus Aafjes, Dutch poet (d. 1993)

• May 12 – Howard K. Smith, American journalist (d. 2002)

• May 13 – Joe Louis, American boxer (d. 1981)

• May 13 – Phil Drabble, British author and television personality (d. 2007)

• May 14 – Hideko Maehata, Japanese swimmer (d. 1995)

• May 14 – Corneliu Coposu, Romanian politician (d. 1995)

• May 15 – Leo Beranek, American acoustic scientist

• May 16 – Edward T. Hall, American anthropologist (d. 2009)

• May 18 – Boris Christoff, Bulgarian opera singer (d. 1993)

• May 19 – Go Seigen, Japanese Go player

• May 19 – Max Perutz, Austrian-born molecular biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d. 2002)

• May 19 – Alex Shibicky, Canadian hockey player (d. 2005)

• May 22 – Vance Packard, American author (The Hidden Persuaders) (d. 1996)

• May 22 – Sun Ra, American musician (d. 1993)

• May 22 – Edward Arthur Thompson, British historian (d. 1994)

• May 24 – Arthur A. Link, American politician

• May 24 – George Tabori, Hungarian writer and director (d. 2007)

• May 26 – Frankie Manning, American choreographer and dancer (d. 2009)

• May 28 – W. G. G. Duncan Smith, British World War II pilot (d. 1996)

• Late May, exact date unknown – Tenzing Norgay, Nepalese/Tibetan mountaineer (d. 1986)

June

• June 11 – Trammell Crow, American developer (d. 2009)

• June 13 – Freddie Franklin, British ballet dancer and choreographer

• June 15 – Yuri Andropov, Soviet leader (d. 1984)

• June 15 – Lena Kennedy, English author (d. 1986)

• June 15 – Saul Steinberg, Romanian-born cartoonist (d. 1999)

• June 18 – E. G. Marshall, American actor (d. 1998)

• June 19 – Alan Cranston, U.S. Senator (d. 2000)

• June 21 – William Vickrey, Canadian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1996)

• June 24 – Frances Oldham Kelsey, American Food and Drug Administration reviewer

• June 26 – Doc Williams, American musician

• June 29 – Rafael Kubelík, Czech-born conductor (d. 1996)

July

• July 2 – Frederick Fennell, American conductor (d. 2004)

• July 5 – Gerda Gilboe, Danish actress (d. 2009)

• July 6 – Vincent J. McMahon, professional wrestling promoter (d. 1988)

• July 8 – Jyoti Basu, Indian politician

• July 8 – Sarah P. Harkness, American architect

• July 10 – Charles Donnelly, Irish poet (d. 1937)

• July 10 – Joe Shuster, Canadian-born comic book author (Superman) (d. 1992)

• July 14 – George Putnam, American reporter and talk show host (d. 2008)

• July 15 – Hammond Innes, English author (d. 1998)

• July 15 – Akhtar Hameed Khan, pioneer of microcredit in developing countries (d. 1999)

• July 15 – Gavin Maxwell, Scottish naturalist and author (d. 1969)

• July 19 – John Kenneth Macalister, Canadian World War II hero (d. 1944)

• July 19 – Marius Russo, American baseball player (d. 2005)

• July 20 – Charilaos Florakis, Greek Communist Leader (d. 2005)

• July 20 – Masa Niemi, Finnish actor (d. 1960)

• July 24 – Ed Mirvish, Canadian businessman and philanthropist (d. 2007)

• July 25 – Lionel Van Deerlin, American politician (d. 2008)

• July 29 – Irwin Corey, American actor and comic

• July 30 – Lord Killanin, Irish president of the International Olympic Committee (d. 1999)

August

• August 2 – Beatrice Straight, American actress (d. 2001)

• August 9 – Tove Jansson, Finnish author (d. 2001)

• August 9 – Ferenc Fricsay, Hungarian conductor (d. 1963)

• August 10 – Jeff Corey, American actor (d. 2002)

• August 10 – Ken Annakin, British film director (d. 2009)

• August 11 – Hugh Martin, American composer

• August 15 – Paul Rand, American graphic designer (d. 1996)

• August 17 – Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Jr., American lawyer and politician (d. 1988)

• August 17 – Gabrielle Weidner, Belgian World War II heroine (d. 1945)

• August 26 – Julio Cortázar, Argentine writer (d. 1984)

• August 27 – Heidi Kabel, German actress

September

• September 5 – Sor Isolina Ferré, Puerto Rican Catholic nun (d. 2000)

• September 5 – Nicanor Parra, Chilean poet

• September 7 – James Van Allen, American physicist (d. 2006)

• September 10 – Robert Wise, American film producer (d. 2005)

• September 11 – Sidney Hart, British trade unionist and religious administrator (d. 2005)

• September 11 – Pavle Patriarch of Serbia, Head of the Serbian Orthodox Church

• September 12 – Desmond Llewelyn, Welsh actor (d. 1999)

• September 12 – Janusz Zurakowski, Polish-born pilot (d. 2004)

• September 13 – Ralph Rapson, American architect (d. 2008)

• September 14 – Clayton Moore, American actor (The Lone Ranger) (d. 1999)

• September 15 – Creighton Williams Abrams, U.S. Vietnam War general (d. 1974)

• September 15 – Adolfo Bioy Casares, Argentinian writer (d. 1999)

• September 15 – Jens Otto Krag, Danish politician (d. 1978)

• September 16 – Allen Funt, American television show host (Candid Camera) (d. 1999)

• September 17 – Thomas J. Bata, Czech-born businessman (d. 2008)

• September 18 – Jack Cardiff, British cinematographer, director, and photographer (d. 2009)

• September 20 – Ken Hechler, American politician

• September 21 – Bob Lido, American singer and musician (d. 2000)

• September 23 – Omar Ali Saifuddin III, Sultan of Brunei (d. 1986)

• September 23 – Bethsabée de Rothschild, English philanthropist and patron of dance (d. 1999)

• September 26 – Jack LaLanne, American fitness, exercise and nutritional expert

October

• October 1 – Daniel J. Boorstin, American historian, writer, and Librarian of Congress (d. 2004)

• October 2 – Jack Parsons, American rocket engineer (d. 1952)

• October 2 – Bernarr Rainbow, historian of music education, organist, and choir master (d. 1998)

• October 4 – Jim Cairns, Australian politician (d. 2003)

• October 6 – Thor Heyerdahl, Norwegian explorer (Kon-Tiki) (d. 2002)

• October 10 – Tommy Fine, baseball player (d. 2005)

• October 14 – Raymond Davis Jr., American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2006)

• October 14 – Dick Durrance, American skier (d. 2004)

• October 16 – Mohammed Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan (d. 2007)

• October 17 – Jerry Siegel, American comic book author (d. 1996)

• October 21 – Martin Gardner, American writer

• October 25 – John Berryman, American poet (d. 1972)

• October 27 – Dylan Thomas, Welsh poet and author (d. 1953)

• October 28 – Jonas Salk, American medical scientist (polio vaccine) (d. 1995)

• October 28 – Richard Laurence Millington Synge, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1994)

• October 28 – Glenn Robert Davis, U.S. Congressman (d. 1988)

November

• November 1 – Moshe Teitelbaum, Hassidic rabbi (d. 2006)

• November 2 – Johnny Vander Meer, baseball player (d. 1997)

• November 5 – Alton Tobey, American artist (d. 2005)

• November 6 – Jonathan Harris, American actor (Lost In Space) (d. 2002)

• November 11 – Howard Fast, American novelist and television writer (d. 2003)

• November 13 – Alberto Lattuada, Italian film director (d. 2005)

• November 20 – Charles Berlitz, American author (d. 2003)

• November 23

• *Roger Avon, English actor (d. 1998)

• November 25 – Joe DiMaggio, American baseball player (d. 1999)

December

• December 2 – Ray Walston, American actor (My Favorite Martian) (d. 2001)

• December 10 – Dorothy Lamour, American actress (d. 1996)

• December 12 – Patrick O'Brian, British writer (d. 2000)

• December 14 – Rosalyn Tureck, American pianist and harpsichordist (d. 2003)

• December 15 – Anatole Abragam, French physicist

• December 18 – Charles Chan, father of actor Jackie Chan (d. 2008)

• December 19 – Dietrich Hrabak, German World War II flying ace (d. 1995)

• December 24 – Herbert Reinecker, German writer (d. 2007)

• December 26 – Richard Widmark, American actor (d. 2008)

• December 29 – Billy Tipton, American musician (d. 1989)

• December 30 – Bert Parks, American singer and actor (Miss America Pageant) (d. 1992)

Deaths

January–June

• ca. January – Ambrose Gwinnett Bierce, American editorialist, journalist, short-story writer and satirist (disappeared while traveling with Pancho Villa documenting the Mexican Civil War) (b. 1842)

• January 11 – Carl Jacobsen, Danish brewer and patron of the arts (b. 1842)

• January 18 – Georges Picquart, French general and politician (b. 1854)

• January 20 – Federico Degetau, Puerto Rican politician (b. 1862)

• February 24 – Joshua Chamberlain, American Civil War general (b. 1828)

• February 25 – John Tenniel, English illustrator (b. 1820)

• March 1 – Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto (b. 1845)

• March 6 – George Washington Vanderbilt II, American businessman (b. 1862)

• March 12 – George Westinghouse, American entrepreneur (b. 1846)

• March 15 – Jalaleddin Ali Mir Abolfazl Angha, 39th master of the Oveyssi Sufi Order (b. 1849)

• March 16 – Charles Albert Gobat, Swiss politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1843)

• March 19 – Giuseppe Mercalli, Italian volcanologist (b. 1850)

• March 25 – Frédéric Mistral, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1830)

• April 1 – Rube Waddell, American baseball player (b. 1876)

• April 2 – Paul von Heyse, German writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1830)

• April 7 – Mohammad Ayyub Khan, Emir of Herat, Emir of Kandahar, Afghan military leader (b. 1855)

• April 19 – Empress Shōken, empress-consort of the Meiji Emperor (b. 1849)

• May 2 – John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll, husband of Princess Louise of the United Kingdom (b. 1845)

• May 23 – Gustav Hamel, pioneer aviator, carried first airlmail (b. 1889)

• May 26 – Jacob Riis, Danish-American social reformer (b. 1849)

• June 11 – Adolf Friedrich V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (b. 1848)

• June 14 – Adlai E. Stevenson, Vice President of the United States (b. 1835)

• June 21 – Bertha von Suttner, Austrian writer and pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1843)

• June 28

• *Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria (assassinated) (b. 1863)

• *Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, wife of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria (assassinated) (b. 1868)

July–December

• July 2 – Joseph Chamberlain, British politician (b. 1836)

• July 17 – Luis Uribe, Chilean naval hero (b. 1847)

• July 31 – Jean Jaurès, French pacifist (assassinated) (b. 1859)

• August 4 – Hubertine Auclert, French feminist (b. 1848)

• August 6 – Ellen Louise Wilson, First Lady of the United States (b. 1860)

• August 8 – Martin-Paul Samba, Cameroonian rebel leader

• August 12 – John Philip Holland, Irish developer of the submarine (b. 1840)

• August 20 – Pope Pius X (b. 1835)

• August 30 – Aleksander Samsonov, Russian general (b. 1859)

• September 3 – Albéric Magnard, French composer (b. 1865)

• September 8 – Hans Leybold, German nihilist poet (b. 1892)

• September 22 – Alain-Fournier, French writer (b. 1886)

• September 26 – August Macke, German painter (b. 1887)

• September 28 – Richard Warren Sears, American founder of Sears, Roebuck and Company (b. 1863)

• October 10 – King Carol I of Romania (b. 1839)

• November 3 – Georg Trakl, Austrian poet (b. 1887)

• November 11 – A. E. J. Collins, British cricketer and soldier (b. 1885)

• November 12 – Augusto dos Anjos, Brazilian poet (b. 1884)

• November 14 – Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts of Kandahar, British field marshal (b. 1832)

• November 19 – Robert Jones Burdette, American minister and sentimental humorist (b. 1844)

• November 21 – Thaddeus C. Pound, American businessman and politician (b. 1833)

• December 24 – John Muir, American naturalist (b. 1838)

Nobel Prizes

• Physics – Max von Laue

• Chemistry- Theodore William Richards

• Medicine – Robert Bárány

• Literature – not awarded

• Peace – not awarded

Fictional

• The 2001 animated film Atlantis: The Lost Empire takes place in October 1914.

• According to The Simpsons, Mr. Burns graduated from Yale in 1914.

• The Last known CAS Build (1914) was created by Wayne.

• The 1997 Science Fantasy film The Fifth Element opens in 1914

Other uses

• 1914 (game)

See also

• 20th century