Year 1827 (MDCCCXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).

• Also see: List of years in Art.

Events of 1827

January–June

• February 20 – Battle of Ituzaingo (Passo do Rosário): A force of the Brazilian Imperial Army meets Argentine–Uruguayan troops in combat.

• February 28 – The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad is incorporated, becoming the first railroad in America offering commercial transportation of both people and freight.

• March 7 – Brazilian marines sail up the Rio Negro and attack the temporary naval base of Carmen de Patagones, Argentina; they are defeated by the local citizens.

• March 7 – Shrigley Abduction: Ellen Turner, a wealthy heiress in Cheshire, England, is abducted by Edward Gibbon Wakefield, the future politician in colonial New Zealand.

• March 16 – Freedom's Journal, the first African-American owned and published newspaper in the United States, is founded in New York City by John Russwurm.

• April – Ottoman Algeria: Husain Dei slaps the French consul Decalina on the face, eventually leading to war and French rule in Algeria.

• April 7–8 – Battle of Monte Santiago: A squadron of the Brazilian Imperial Navy defeats Argentine vessels in a major naval engagement.

• April 10 – UK: George Canning succeeds Lord Liverpool as British Prime Minister.

• April 24 – Greek War of Independence – Battle of Phaleron: Ottoman troops defeats the Greek rebels.

• May 21 – The Maryland Democratic Party is founded by supporters of Andrew Jackson in Baltimore and hosts its first meeting at the Baltimore Atheneum.

May – The French government patented the invention of the fountain pen – Invented by Petrache Poienaru – Romanian inventor.

July–December

• July 6 – Greek War of Independence: The Treaty of London between France, Britain, and Russia, demands that the Turks agree to an armistice in Greece.

• July 14 – Kingdom of Hawaii: The Diocese of Honolulu is founded.

• August 31 – UK: Frederick John Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich, becomes Prime Minister of the UK, following the death of George Canning.

• September 4 – Finland: The Great Fire of Turku destroys 3/4 of the city, with many human casualties.

• October 1 – Russo-Persian War, 1826-1828: The Russians under Ivan Paskevich storm Yerevan, ending a millennium of Muslim domination in Eastern Armenia.

• October 20 – Greek War of Independence – Battle of Navarino: British, French, and Russian naval forces destroy the Turko-Egyptian fleet in Greece.

Undated

• Laos: King Anouvong of Vientiane declares war on Siam and successfully attacks Nakhon Ratchasima (the Siamese later invade Vientiane and nearly destroy the whole city).

• Englishman John Walker invents the first friction match which he names Lucifer.

• Egypt: Cairo University School of Medicine is established as the first African medical school in the Middle East.

Births

• November 7 – Antti Ahlström, Finnish industrialist (d. 1896)

• March 8 – Wilhelm Bleek, German linguist (d. 1875)

• April 5 – Joseph Lister, English surgeon (d. 1912)

• April 8 – Ramón Emeterio Betances, Puerto Rican politician, medical doctor and diplomat (d. 1898)

• May 11 – Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux, French sculptor and painter (d. 1875)

• May 19 – Paul-Armand Challemel-Lacour, French statesman (d. 1896)

• May 21 – William P. Sprague, American politician from Ohio (d. 1899)

• May 27 – Samuel F. Miller, American politician (d. 1892)

• June 12 – Johanna Spyri, Swiss author (d. 1901)

• June 13 – Alberto Henschel, German-Brazilian photographer and businessman (d. 1882)

• July 13 – Hugh O'Brien, Mayor of Boston (d. 1895)

• July 17 – Sir Frederick Augustus Abel, British chemist (d. 1902)

• September 3 – John Drew Sr., Irish-American stage actor & manager, (d. 1862)

• September 30 – Ellis H. Roberts, American politician (d. 1918)

• November 10 – J.T. Wamelink, American composer (d. 1910)

• November 26 – Ellen G. White, American religious leader (d. 1915)

• 3 December- Jain Acharya Rajendrasuri, religious reformer (d. 1906)

Deaths

• January 5 – Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany, heir-presumptive to the British throne (b. 1763)

• February 19 – Armand Augustin Louis de Caulaincourt, French general and diplomat (b. 1773)

• February 28 – Thomas Holloway, English portrait painter and engraver (b. 1748)

• February 23 – Felipe Enrique Neri, legislator and colonizer of Texas (b. 1820)

• March 5

• *Pierre-Simon Laplace, French mathematician (b. 1749)

• *Alessandro Volta, Italian physicist (b. 1745)

• March 26 – Ludwig van Beethoven, German composer (b. 1770)

• May 27 – Melesina Trench, Irish born writer and socialite (b. 1768)

• July 14 – Augustin-Jean Fresnel, French physicist (b. 1788)

• April 29- Deborah Sampson, first American female soldier (b. 1760)

• August 8 – George Canning, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1770)

• August 12 – William Blake, English poet and artist (b. 1757)

• September 10 – Ugo Foscolo, Greece-born Italian writer, revolutionary and poet (b. 1778)

• November 7 – Maria Theresia of Tuscany, Queen of Saxony (b. 1767)

• December 3 – Servando Teresa de Mier, preacher (b. 1765)

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