Year 1814 (MDCCCXIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).

Events of 1814

January–March

• January 14 – Denmark cedes Norway to Sweden in exchange for west Pomerania, as part of the Treaty of Kiel.

• January 29 – Battle of Brienne: The French army of Emperor Napoleon I wins.

• January 31 – Gervasio Antonio de Posadas becomes Supreme Director of Argentina.

• February – George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen represents Britain at the Congress of Chatillon.

• February 11 – Norway's independence is proclaimed, marking the ultimate end of the Kalmar Union.

• February 12 – A fire destroys the Custom House in London.

• February 14 – Napoleon wins the Battle of Vauchamps.

• February 18 – Napoleon wins the Battle of Montereau.

• February 21 – Great Stock Exchange Fraud of 1814.

• March 7 – Napoleon wins the Battle of Craonne.

• March 9 – the USS Enterprise reaches Wilmington, North Carolina, returning from the Caribbean.

• March 10 – Napoleon is defeated at the Battle of Laon in France.

• March 12 – Louis-Antoine, Duke of Angoulême enters Bordeaux, marking the restoration of the Bourbon dynasty.

• March 27 – War of 1812 – Battle of Horseshoe Bend: In northern Alabama, United States forces under General Andrew Jackson defeat the Creek Indians.

• March 30 – Napoleonic Wars: Sixth Coalition forces march into Paris.

• March 31 – Anti-Napoleonic troops occupy Paris.

thumb|240px|right| [[March 9: The schooner Enterprise returns from the Caribbean.]]

April–June

• April 6 – Emperor Napoleon abdicates; Louis XVIII becomes King of France.

• April 10 – the Duke of Wellington wins the Battle of Toulouse.

• April 12 – The Royal Norwegian Navy is re-established.

• May 3 – The Duke of Provence, the future Louis XVIII of France, returns to Paris.

• May 5 – British-American War (War of 1812): The British attack Fort Ontario at Oswego, New York.

• May 17 – The Constitution of Norway is signed and the Danish Crown Prince Christian Frederik is elected King of Norway by the Norwegian Constituent Assembly.

• May 17 – The occupation of Monaco changes from French to Austrian hands.

• May 30 – The First Treaty of Paris is signed returning France's borders to their 1792 extent. Napoleon I of France is exiled to Elba on the same day.

July–September

• July 5 – War of 1812 – Battle of Chippawa: American Major General Jacob Brown defeats British General Phineas Riall at Chippawa, Ontario.

• July 24 – War of 1812: General Phineas Riall advances toward Niagara Falls, Ontario to halt Jacob Brown's American invaders.

• July 25 – George Stephenson tests his locomotive Blucher successfully.

• July 25 – War of 1812 – Battle of Lundy's Lane : Reinforcements arrive near Niagara Falls, Ontario for General Riall's British and Canadian force, and a bloody, all-night battle with Jacob Brown's Americans commences at 1800 hours; Americans retreat to Fort Erie.

• August 7 – Pope Pius VII decrees the bull Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum reestablishing the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) all over the world, after having approved their survival and existence in Russia.

• August 12 – In England, the last hanging under the Black Act is carried out, of William Potter for cutting down an orchard (even the judge petitioned for reprieve).

• August 13 – The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 is signed.

• August 24 – War of 1812: British troops occupy Washington, D.C., setting numerous buildings on fire, including the Capitol.

• August 28 – Alexandria, Virginia offers surrender to the British fleet without a fight.

• September 11 – War of 1812 – Battle of Lake Champlain: An American squadron under Thomas MacDonough defeats the British squadron, ultimately forcing the invading army to retreat back into Canada.

• September 13 – War of 1812: The British bombard Fort McHenry at Baltimore. The British failure at the Battle of Baltimore is a turning point in the war, and the American defense of the fort inspires Francis Scott Key to compose the poem later set to music as The Star-Spangled Banner.

thumb|270|right| [[September 13: Bombardment of Fort McHenry.]]

October–December

• October – A large vat full of porter (beer) owned by Meux's Brewery bursts, demolishing houses and killing 9 people.

• November 7 – War of 1812: Andrew Jackson seizes Pensacola, Florida.

• December 15 – The Hartford Convention is convened by members of the American Federalist Party.

• December 24 – War of 1812: The Treaty of Ghent is signed, officially ending the war.

Undated

• Missionaries attempt to write down the Māori language.

• George Stephenson designs his first locomotive Blücher.

• Sir Walter Scott writes Waverley.

• Guyana is transferred from the Netherlands to Britain; it is renamed British Guiana.

Ongoing events

• Napoleonic Wars (1799–1815)–Peninsular War/War of the Sixth Coalition

• War of 1812 (1812–1815)

• Norway in 1814

Births

January–June

• January 1 – Hong Xiuquan, Chinese rebel (d. 1864)

• January 27 – Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, French architect (d. 1879)

• February 18 – Samuel Fenton Cary, American politician and temperance activist (d. 1900)

• March 9 – Taras Shevchenko, Ukrainian poet, nationalist, and founder of the Ukrainian language (d. 1861)

• April 3 – Lorenzo Snow, fifth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1901)

• April 21 – Angela Burdett-Coutts, 1st Baroness Burdett-Coutts, English philanthropist (d. 1906)

• May 12 – Adolf von Henselt, German composer

• May 30 – Mikhail Bakunin, Russian anarchist (d. 1876)

July–December

• July 19 – Samuel Colt, American gun maker (d. 1862)

• August 8 – Esther Morris, American suffragist and judge (d. 1902)

• August 10 – Henri Nestlé, German-born Swiss chocolate magnate (d. 1890)

• August 13 – Anders Jonas Ångström, Swedish physicist (d. 1874)

• August 23 – James Roosevelt Bayley, first Bishop of Newark, New Jersey, and the eighth Archbishop of Baltimore (d. 1877)

• August 28 – Sheridan Le Fanu, Irish writer (d. 1873)

• September 2 – Ernst Curtius, German archaeologist and historian (d. 1896)

• September 8 – Charles Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg, French writer and historian (d. 1874)

• September 27 – Daniel Kirkwood, astronomer (d. 1895)

• October 4 – Jean-François Millet, French painter (d. 1875)

• October 7 – Susanna Dickinson, survivor of the Alamo

• October 15 – Mikhail Lermontov, Russian writer (d. 1841)

• November 6 – Adolphe Sax, Belgian instrument maker and inventor (d. 1894)

• November 22 – Serranus Clinton Hastings, American politician (d. 1893)

Date unknown – Táhirih, Persian Bahá'í heroine
Andrew Jackson Blackbird, (Mack-e-te-be-nessy), Blacksmith, interpreter, author, Indian advocate (d. 1908)

Other

• December 18 – Sarah Tittle Bolton nee: Barrett, American poet (d. 4 August 1893)

Deaths

January–June

• January 7 – Ira Allen, founder of Vermont and leader of the Green Mountain Boys (b. 1751)

• January 27

• * Philip Astley, English circus promoter (b. 1742)

• * Johann Gottlieb Fichte, German philosopher (b. 1762)

• March 26 – Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, French inventor (b. 1738)

• April 1 – Joseph de Ferraris, Austrian cartographer of the Austrian Netherlands (b. 1726)

• April 12 – Charles Burney, English music historian (b. 1726)

• April 19 – Thomas Brudenell-Bruce, 1st Earl of Ailesbury, English earl (b. 1729)

• May 5 – Abdullah I Al-Sabah, Kuwait ruler (b. 1740)

• May 6 – Stephen Amherst, English cricketer (b. 1750)

• May 27 – Ivan Akimov, Russian painter (b. 1754)

• May 29 – Joséphine de Beauharnais, Empress of France (b. 1763)

• June 14 – Antin Angelovych, Greek-Catholic metropolitan (b. 1756)

July–December

• July 12 – William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe, British general

• July 18 – Miles Peter Andrews, English playwright and legislator (b. 1742)

• July 19 – Captain Matthew Flinders, English explorer of the coasts of Australia (b. 1774)

• August 21 – Antonio Carnicero, Spanish painter (b. 1748)

• August 21 – Benjamin Thompson, American physicist and inventor (b. 1753)

• August 28 – Erik Must Angell, Norwegian jurist and politician (b. 1744)

• August 31 – Arthur Phillip, British admiral and first governor of New South Wales (b. 1738)

• September 8 – Maria Carolina of Austria, queen of Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies, and de facto ruler (b. 1752)

• October 19 – Mercy Otis Warren, American playwright (b. 1728)

• November 18 – Aleijadinho, Colonial Brazil-born sculptor and architect (b. 1730 or 1738)

• November 23 – Elbridge Gerry, 5th Vice President of the United States (b. 1744)

• December 2 – Donatien Alphonse Francois de Sade, French writer (b. 1740)

• December 13 – Charles-Joseph, 7th Prince of Ligne, Austrian field marshal (b. 1735)

• December 19 – Joseph Bramah, inventor of the hydraulic press (b. 1748)

Category:Articles lacking sources (Erik9bot)
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