Events of 1734

January–June

• January 8 – Salzburgers, Lutherans who were expelled by the Roman Catholic Bishop of Salzburg, Austria, in October 1731, set sail for the British Colony of Georgia, in America.

• March 12 – Salzburgers arrive at the mouth of the Savannah River, in the British Colony of Georgia.

• June 17 – French troops take Philippsburg, but the Duke of Berwick is killed.

• June 21 – In Montreal, New France, a black slave known by the French name of Marie-Joseph Angélique is tortured then hanged by the French authorities, in a public ceremony that involves her disgrace and the amputation of a hand.

• June 30 – War of the Polish Succession: Russian troops take Gdańsk (German: Danzig), which had been besieged since October 1733. Gdańsk is captured after the failure of a French expedition to relieve the city.

July–December

• November 5 – The Dzików Confederation is created in Poland.

Births

• February 27 – Thomas Conway, American Revolutionary War general (d. 1800)

• March 19 – Thomas McKean, American lawyer and signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1817)

• May 23 – Franz Mesmer, Austrian physician (d. 1815)

• July 25 – Ueda Akinari, Japanese author and scholar (d. 1809)

• September 3 – Joseph Wright, British painter (d. 1797)

• October 7 – Sir Ralph Abercromby, British general (d. 1801)

• November 2 – Daniel Boone, American frontiersman (d. 1820)

• December 15 – George Romney, English painter (d. 1802)

• December 17 – Maria I of Portugal, Portuguese queen, from Braganza Dynasty (d.1816)

Deaths

• January 6 – John Dennis, English critic and dramatist (b. 1657)

• February 1 – John Floyer, English physician and writer (b. 1649)

• February 1 – Giuseppe Ottavio Pitoni, Italian composer (b. 1657)

• March 1 – Roger North, English biographer (b. 1653)

• March 21 – Robert Wodrow, Scottish historian (b. 1679)

• May 4 – James Thornhill, English painter (b. 1675 or 1676)

• May 24 – Georg Ernst Stahl, German physician and chemist (b. 1660)

• June 12 – James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, illegitimate son of James II of England and French military commander (b. 1670)

• June 17 – Claude-Louis-Hector de Villars, Marshall of France (b. 1653)

• June 21 – Marie-Joseph Angélique, African slave

• July 22 – Peter King, 1st Baron King, Lord Chancellor of England (b. c. 1669)

• November 14 – Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth, French-born mistress of Charles II of England (b. 1649)

• December 28 – Rob Roy MacGregor, Scottish clan chief (b. 1671)