Events of 1677

January–June

• January 1 – Racine's tragedy Phèdre is first performed.

• April 11 – Battle of Cassel: Philippe I, Duke of Orléans defeats William of Orange.

• May 29 – The Treaty of Middle Plantation establishes peace between the Virginia colonists and the local Indians.

• May 31 – Danish ships clash with Swedish ships under Niels Juel between Fehmarn and Warnemünde; the Danish defeat the Swedish and capture a number of ships.

July–December

• July 14 – Battle of Landskrona: Sweden defeats the Danes.

• November 4 – The future Mary II of England marries William of Orange.

• November 16 – French troops occupy Freiburg.

Undated

• The Statute of frauds is passed into English law.

• Elias Ashmole gifts the collection that begins the Ashmolean Museum to Oxford University.

• Francis Aungier is made the first Earl of Longford.

• Michel le Tellier becomes chancellor of France.

• The Second London Baptist Confession is written (published in 1689).

• Charles II of England makes Henry Purcell court musician.

• Jules Hardouin-Mansart begins la place Vendôme in Paris (completed in 1698).

• Antoni van Leeuwenhoek observes spermatozoa under the microscope.

• The Swedes defeat the Danes, at Rostock and at Landström.

• The population of Paris first exceeds 500,000.

• Ice cream becomes popular in Paris.

• The John Roan School is established.

Births

• February 3 – Jan Santini Aichel, Czech architect (d. 1723)

• February 4 – Johann Ludwig Bach, German composer (d. 1731)

• February 8 – Jacques Cassini, French astronomer (d. 1756)

• May 4 – Françoise-Marie de Bourbon, youngest daughter of Louis XIV and Madame de Montespan, wife of Philippe d'Orléans, le Régent (d.1749)

• August 27 – Otto Ferdinand von Abensperg und Traun, Austrian field marshal (d. 1748)

• September 17 – Stephen Hales, English physiologist, chemist, and inventor (d. 1761)

• October 20 – Stanisław Leszczyński (d. 1766)

• date unknown

• William Dummer, acting Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony (d. 1761)

Deaths

• February 21 – Baruch Spinoza, Dutch philosopher (b. 1632)

• March 28 – Václav Hollar, Czech-born actor (b. 1607)

• May 4 – Isaac Barrow, English mathematician (b. 1630)

• May 20 – George Digby, 2nd Earl of Bristol, English statesman (b. 1612)

• July 30 – Fabian von Fersen, Swedish soldier (b. 1626)

• August – Matthew Locke (composer), English composer (b. 1621)

• September 11 – James Harrington, English political philosopher (b. 1611)

• November 9 – Aernout van der Neer, Dutch painter (b. 1603)

• date unknown – Gilbert Sheldon, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1598)