Events of 1675

January–June

• January 5 – Franco-Dutch War – Battle of Turckheim: In Turckheim, Alsace, France, the French defeat Austria and Brandenburg.

• January 29 – John Sassamon, an English-educated Native American Christian, dies at Assawampsett Pond, an event which will trigger a year-long war between English American colonists of New England and Algonquin Native American tribes.

• June 8 – John Sassamon's alleged murderers are executed at Plymouth.

• June 11 – Armed Wampanoags are reported traveling around Swansea, Massachusetts.

• June 14–June 25 – Colonial authorities of Rhode Island, Plymouth, and Massachusetts attempt a negotiation with Metacomet (King Philip), leader of the Wampanoags, and seek guarantees of fidelity from the Nipmuck and Narragansett tribes.

• June 24 – King Philip's War breaks out as the Wampanoags attack Swansea.

• June 26 – Massachusetts troops march to Swansea to join the Plymouth troops.

• June 26 – June 29 – Wampanoags assault Rehoboth and Taunton; the natives elude colonial troops and leave Mount Hope for Pocasset, Massachusetts. The Mohegan tribe travels to Boston in order to side with the English colonists against the Wampanoags.

• June 28 – Battle of Fehrbellin: Brandenburg defeats the Swedes.

July–December

• July 15 – The Narragansett tribe signs a peace treaty with Connecticut.

• July 16 – July 24 – An envoy from Massachusetts attempts to negotiate with the Nipmuck tribe.

• August 2 – August 4 – The Nipmucks attack Massachusetts troops and besiege Brookfield, Massachusetts.

• August 10 – King Charles II of England places the foundation stone of the Royal Greenwich Observatory in London; construction begins.

• August 13 – The Massachusetts Council orders that Christian Indians are to be confined to designated praying towns.

• September 1 – September 2 – While Wampanoags and Nipmucks attack Deerfield, Massachusetts, Captain Samuel Moseley commands Massachusetts troops in an attack on the Pennacook tribe.

• September 12 – English colonists abandon Deerfield, Squakeag, and Brookfield due to a coalition of Indian attacks.

• September 18 – The Narragansetts sign a treaty with the English in Boston; meanwhile, Massachusetts troops are ambushed near Northampton, Massachusetts.

• October 5 – The Pocomtuc tribe attacks and destroys Springfield, Massachusetts.

• October 13 – The Massachusetts Council convenes and agrees that all Christian Indians should be ordered to move to Deer Island.

• November 2 – November 12 – Commissioners of the Thirteen Colonies organize a united force to attack the Narragansett tribe.

• November 11 – Guru Gobind Singh becomes the tenth Guru of the Sikhs.

• November 11 – Gottfried Leibniz uses infinitesimal calculus on a function.

• November 11 – Guru Teg Bahadur, the ninth prophet of the Sikhs, is executed by Mughal rulers. He prefers execution to defend the right of Hindus to practice their own religion.

• December 19 – United colonial forces attack the Narragansetts at the Great Swamp Fight.

Undated

• Cassini discovers Saturn's Cassini Division.

• Antonie van Leeuwenhoek begins to use a microscope for observing human tissues and liquids.

Births

• January 16 – Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon, French writer (d. 1755)

• February 21 – Franz Xaver Josef von Unertl, Bavarian politician (d. 1750)

• February 28 – Guillaume Delisle, French cartographer (d. 1726)

• March 31 – Pope Benedict XIV (d. 1758)

• May 29 – Humphry Ditton, English mathematician (d. 1715)

• June 1 – Francesco Scipione, marchese di Maffei, Italian archaeologist (d. 1755)

• July 5 – Mary Walcott, American accuser at the Salem witch trials

• July 12 – Evaristo Abaco, Italian composer (d. 1742)

• July 14 – Claude Alexandre de Bonneval, French soldier (d. 1747)

• September 2 – William Somervile, English poet (d. 1742)

• September 3 – Paul Dudley, Attorney-General of Massachusetts (d. 1751)

• October 11 – Samuel Clarke, English philosopher (d. 1729)

• October 21 – Emperor Higashiyama of Japan (d. 1710)

• October 24 – Richard Temple, 1st Viscount Cobham, English soldier and politician (d. 1749)

Deaths

• February 9 – Gerhard Douw, Dutch painter (b. 1613)

• March 18 – Arthur Chichester, 1st Earl of Donegall, Irish soldier (b. 1606)

• April 12 – Richard Bennett, British Colonial Governor of Virginia (b. 1609)

• May 18 – Stanisław Lubieniecki, Polish Socinian theologist (b. 1623)

• May 18 – Father Jacques Marquette, French missionary and explorer (b. 1636)

• May 27 – Gaspard Dughet, French painter (b. 1613)

• June 12 – Charles Emmanuel II of Savoy (b. 1634)

• July 27 – Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, Marshal of France (b. 1611)

• July 28 – Bulstrode Whitelocke, English lawyer (b. 1605)

• September 18 – Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1604)

• September 23 – Valentin Conrart, founder of the Académie Française (b. 1603)

• October 26 – William Sprague, English co-founder of Charlestown, Massachusetts (b. 1609)

• October 27 – Gilles de Roberval, French mathematician (b. 1602)

• November 1 – Guru Tegh Bahadur, 9th Sikh Guru (b. 1621)

• November 28 – Basil Feilding, 2nd Earl of Denbigh, English Civil War soldier

• November 28 – Leonard Hoar, American President of Harvard University (b. 1630)

• November 30 – Cæcilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, colonial Governor of Maryland (b. 1605)

• December 6 – John Lightfoot, English church goer (b. 1602)

• December 15 – Johannes Vermeer, Dutch painter (b. 1632)

• December 23 – Caesar, duc de Choiseul, French marshal and diplomat (b. 1602)