Events of 1664

January–June

• January 5 – Battle of Surat: The Maratha Chhatrapati Shivaji is defeated by the Inayat Khan of Mughal.

• March 12 – New Jersey becomes a colony of England.

• May 4 – Kronenbourg, a popular lager, is first produced.

July–December

• August 1 – Battle of Saint Gotthard: The Ottoman Empire is defeated by an Austrian army led by Raimondo Montecuccoli, resulting in the Peace of Vasvár.

• September 24 – Dutch Governor Peter Stuyvesant surrenders New Amsterdam to an English naval squadron commanded by Colonel Richard Nicolls.

• October 28 – The Admirals Regiment is formed, later known as the Royal Marines (part of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy).

Undated

• The French East India Company is founded.

• The Marathas sack Surat.

• John Evelyn's forestry book Sylva was published for the Royal Society.

Births

• January 4 – Lars Roberg, Swedish physician (d. 1742)

• January 20 – Giovanni Vincenzo Gravina, Italian writer and jurist (d. 1718)

• February 6 – Mustafa II, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1703)

• February 24 (baptized) – Thomas Newcomen, English inventor (d. 1729)

• March 12 – Maurice Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Zeitz (d. 1718)

• April 6 – Arvid Horn, Swedish statesman (d. 1742)

• April 30 – François Louis, Prince of Conti, French general (d. 1709)

• May 30 – Giulio Alberoni, Italian cardinal and statesman (d. 1754)

• July 18 – Franz Ludwig von Pfalz-Neuburg, Hochmeister of the Teutonic Order (d. 1732)

• July 21 – Matthew Prior, English poet and diplomat (d. 1721)

• September 5 – Charlotte Lee, Countess of Lichfield, illegitimate daughter of King Charles II of England (d. 1718)

• November 9 – Henry Wharton, English writer (d. 1695)

Deaths

• March 16 – Ivan Vyhovsky, Ukrainian Cossack leader

• March 19 – Francisco de Araujo, Spanish theologian (b. 1580)

• March 30 – Guru Har Krishan, Eighth Guru of Sikhism (b. 1656)

• April 4 – Adam Willaerts, Dutch painter (b. 1577)

• May 19 – Elisabeth de Bourbon-Vendôme, French princess (b. 1614)

• May 21 – Elizabeth Poole, Puritan/"foundress"/business woman (b. c. 1599)

• June 2 – Henry II, Duke of Guise (b. 1614)

• June 22 – Katherine Philips, Anglo-Welsh poet (b. 1631)

• July – Jan Janssonius, Dutch cartographer (b. 1588)

• July 16 – Andreas Gryphius, German writer (b. 1616)

• July 31 – Goschwin Nickel, Jesuit leader (b. 1582)

• August 24 – Maria Cunitz, Silesian astronomer (born 1610)

• August 27 – Francisco Zurbarán, Spanish painter (b. 1598)

• December 25 – Niccolò Ludovisi, Prince of Piombino (b. 1613)

• Lin Yiu, Chinese poet and painter (b. 1618)