Events of 1658

January–June

• January 13 – Edward Sexby, who had plotted against Oliver Cromwell, dies in the Tower of London.

• February 6 – Swedish troops of Charles X Gustav of Sweden cross The Great Belt (Storebælt) in Denmark over frozen sea.

• February 26 – The peace between Sweden and Denmark is concluded in Roskilde by the Treaty of Roskilde, under which Denmark is forced to cede significant territory.

• March 22 – The ship Waeckende Boey is wrecked on the coast of Java; the 4 survivors walk overland to Jepara.

• May 1 – Hydriotaphia, Urn Burial and The Garden of Cyrus are published by Thomas Browne.

• June – Battle of the Dunes: Spain is defeated by the French and English. England is then given Dunkirk for their assistance in the win.

July–December

• July – Sarhuda's Manchu fleet annihilates Onufriy Stepanov's Russian flotilla on the Amur.

• September 3 – Oliver Cromwell dies and his son Richard assumes his father's former position as Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland.

Undated

• France joins England in the war against Spain, which began in 1654.

• Portuguese traders are expelled from Ceylon by Dutch invaders.

• After his father Shah Jahan completes the Taj Mahal, his son Aurangzeb deposes him as ruler of the Mughal Empire.

• The Dutch in the Cape Colony start to import slaves from India and South-East Asia (later from Madagascar).

Births

• February 18 – Charles-Irénée Castel de Saint-Pierre, French writer (d. 1743)

• March 5 – Antoine de Lamothe Cadillac, French explorer (d. 1730)

• April 19 – Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine (d. 1716)

• April 22 – Giuseppe Torelli, Italian composer (d. 1709)

• July 25 – Archibald Campbell, 1st Duke of Argyll, Scottish privy councillor (d. 1703)

• October 5 – Mary of Modena, queen of James II of England (d. 1718)

• October 19 – Adolf Friedrich II of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1704)

• unknown – Elizabeth Barry, English actress (d. 1713)

Deaths

• January 7 – Theophilus Eaton, Connecticut colonist (b. 1590)

• January 13 – Edward Sexby, English Puritan soldier (b. 1616)

• April 7 – Juan Eusebio Nieremberg, Spanish mystic (b. 1595)

• April 19 – Kirsten Munk, second wife of Christian IV of Denmark (b. 1598)

• April 29 – John Cleveland, English poet (b. 1613)

• September 3 – Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland (b. 1599)

• September 22 – Georg Philipp Harsdorffer, German poet (b. 1607)

• November 4 – Antoine Le Maistre, French Jansenist (b. 1608)

• November 6 – Pierre du Ryer, French dramatist (b. 1606)

• November 8 – Witte Corneliszoon de With, Dutch naval officer (b. 1599)

• December 6 – Baltasar Gracián y Morales, Spanish writer (b. 1601)