Events of 1653

February 2: New Amsterdam.

January–June

• February 2 – New Amsterdam (later renamed New York City) is incorporated.

• March 14 – Battle of Leghorn: A Dutch fleet defeats the English; the Dutch commander, Johan van Galen, later dies of his wounds.

• April 20 – Oliver Cromwell expels the Rump Parliament.

• May 24 – Ferdinand IV is elected King of the Romans.

• June 12 – June 13 – First Anglo-Dutch War – Battle of the Gabbard: The English navy defeats the Dutch fleet, which loses 17 ships.

July–December

Taj Mahal mausoleum is completed.

• July 4 – The Barebones Parliament meets in London till December 12.

• August 8–August 10 – Battle of Scheveningen: The final naval battle of the First Anglo-Dutch War is fought, between the fleets of the Commonwealth of England and the United Provinces; The English navy defeats the Dutch fleet off the Texel.

• November – John Castor flees Anthony Johnson's farm, sparking the legal basis for slavery in the United States.

• December 16 – Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland.

Undated

• The first period of republican government (called the Commonwealth of England) ends. The Rump Parliament is disbanded by Oliver Cromwell (see also the Long Parliament and Southamptonshire).

• Marcello Malpighi becomes a doctor of medicine.

• Stephen Bachiler returns to England.

• John Thurloe becomes the head of intelligence for Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate.

• The Taj Mahal mausoleum is completed.

• Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg reconfirms the nobility's freedom from taxation and its unlimited control over the peasants.

• The army prepares a constitution that invests executive power in a lord protector and a council of state in England.

Ongoing events

• Khmelnytsky Uprising in Ukraine (1648–1654)

Births

• January 13 – Philipp Jakob Spener, German theologian (d. 1705)

• February 17 – Arcangelo Corelli, Italian composer (d. 1713)

• April 2 – Prince George of Denmark, consort of Queen Anne of Great Britain (d. 1708)

• May 8 – Claude-Louis-Hector de Villars, Marshall of France (d. 1734)

• June 1 – Georg Muffat, French composer (d. 1704)

• June 26 – Cardinal André-Hercule de Fleury, Bishop of Fréjus, chief minister of France under Louis XV of France (d. 1743)

• July 5 – Thomas Pitt, British Governor of Madras (d. 1726)

• July 25 – Agostino Steffani, Italian diplomat and composer (d. 1728)

• August 9 – John Oldham, English poet (d. 1683)

• August 14 – Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle, English statesman (d. 1688)

• September 3 – Roger North, English lawyer and biographer (d. 1734)

• October 18 – Abraham van Riebeeck, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (d. 1713)

• date unknown – Chikamatsu Monzaemon, Japanese playwright (d. 1725)

• date unknown – Rahman Baba, legendary Afghan Pashto Sufi poet (d. 1711)

Deaths

• March 23 – Johan van Galen, Dutch naval officer (b. 1604)

• May 26 – Robert Filmer, English writer (b. 1588)

• July 10 – Gabriel Naudé, French librarian and scholar (b. 1600)

• July 31 – Thomas Dudley, Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony (b. 1576)

• August 10 – Maarten Tromp, Dutch admiral (b. 1598)

• October 3 – Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn, Dutch scholar (b. 1612)

• Artemesia Gentileschi, Roman artist