Events

• April 13—Frederick Barbarossa issues the Gelnhausen Charter.

• September 24 – Alexius II Comnenus becomes Byzantine Emperor.

• November 18—Philip II becomes King of France.

• During the third year of the Jisho era of Japan, a devastating whirlwind damages Kyoto.

• Emperor Antoku succeeds Emperor Takakura as emperor of Japan.

• Afonso I of Portugal is taken prisoner by Ferdinand II of Leon.

• Artois is annexed by France.

• Prince Mochihito amasses a large army and instigates the Genpei War between the Taira and Minamoto clans.

• Frederick Barbarossa removes Henry the Lion from the Duchy of Saxony, and creates the Duchies of Westphalia and Styria.

• The Wittelsbach Family takes control of Bavaria.

• Kilij Arslan II allies with Saladin after the death of Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Comnenus.

• Alexander Neckam becomes a lecturer in Paris, and writes De Natura Rerum, an early mention of chess (approximate date).

• Estimation: Hangzhou, capital of Southern Song China, becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Fes in the Almohad Empire.

• The last major volcanic eruption occurs of Sunset Crater, in Arizona.

Births

• August 6—Emperor Go-Toba of Japan (d. 1239)

• Berenguela of Castile, queen of Alfonso IX of Castile (d. 1246)

• Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford, English soldier (d. 1230)

• King Eric X of Sweden (d. 1216)

• Xia Gui, Chinese painter (d. c. 1230) (approximate date).

Deaths

• September 18—King Louis VII of France (b. 1120)

• September 24—Manuel I Comnenus, Byzantine Emperor (b. 1118)

• October 25—John of Salisbury, French bishop (b. c. 1120)

• Odo de St Amand – Grand Master of the Knights Templar

• Al-Mustadi, Caliph (b. 1142)

• William de Braose, 3rd Lord of Bramber

• Abraham ibn Daud, philosopher (martyred) (b. c. 1120)

• Roman I of Kiev

• Yaroslav II of Kiev

• Prince Mochihito, son of Emperor Go-Shirakawa of Japan

• Minamoto no Yorimasa, Japanese samurai (b. 1106)

• Zhu Shuzhen, Chinese female poet